Decentralization, participation, devolution and infrastructure development in rural areas: A case study of district Bhakkar, Pakistan

2020 ◽  
pp. 205789111990067
Author(s):  
Mumtaz Hussain ◽  
Muhammad Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Urban Communities ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Political Process ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Basic Infrastructure

This article highlights the role of decentralization and participation in democratic countries. Decentralization is a significant political process that enhances society’s enjoyment of the fruits of democracy and helps in developing basic infrastructure, and many regions accept these concepts. Statistical techniques were employed through SPSS on data collected yearly between 2001 and 2005 to draw the outcomes. The findings showed a significant and positive impact of decentralization and participation on rural and urban communities and infrastructure development. This study has great importance for the policy making of district, provincial and central governments.

scholarly journals The Role of ED-Links (Educational Development) in the Promotion of Secondary Education (A Case Study of District Malakand, Tehsil Dargai)

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Muhammad Khan ◽  
Yao Dewei ◽  
Naeem Khan ◽  
Liu Junshi ◽  
Noor Haq ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Education ◽  
Educational Development ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Unique Contribution ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
The Government

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to analyze "The Role of ED-Links (Educational Development) in the Promotion of Secondary Education; A Case Study of District Malakand, Tehsil Dargai. Methodology: The researchers selected 50 respondents and purposive sampling techniques were used to select the respondents from the age group of 25 years and above. The interview schedule was used as a data collection tool due to the possibility of illiterate respondents. ED-Links played an important role in the development of secondary education of Dargai Tehsil in Malakand. Findings: The study indicates that ED-Links has helped the schools in infrastructure development and teacher training. This training has improved the skills of teachers and the development of infrastructures such as libraries, sanitation, and resource centers. All of the respondents said that ED-Links had a positive impact on the overall performance of the school. ED-Links supports students in providing book accessories, pens, geometric boxes, and school bags. ED-Links provided benefits for students and improved their skill level and the quality of education, which is the same as a bright future. The majority of the respondents believed that community members and students responded positively towards ED-Link. The main finding of the study is the majority of respondents and students were satisfied with the ED-Links program. Unique Contribution to Practice and Policy: The government has the responsibility to formulate appropriate policies for non-governmental organizations engaged in educational development nationwide, and to register them to promote educational development, as well as The people in the community also have the responsibility of individual and collective participation in the promotion and development of the planning and implementation. If people can participate, problems can be reduced to a certain extent.

Legislators, Bureaucrats, and Canadian Democracy: The Long and the Short of It

1977 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 615-624 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee Sigelman ◽  
William G. Vanderbok
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Civil Service ◽  
Political Process ◽  
Substantial Proportion ◽  
The Political ◽  
Annual Average ◽  
Canadian Politics ◽  
Strategic Role

The bureaucratization of the political process that characterizes twentieth century politics in many countries has not bypassed Canada—as evidenced by skyrocketing rates of government employment and expenditure and, even more dramatically, by the ever-expanding policy-making power of Canadian bureaucracy. One observer sees the civil service as occupying an increasingly strategic role in Canadian politics, a condition thatreflects in part the expanding role of modern government into highly technical areas, which tends to augment the discretion of permanent officials because legislators are obliged to delegate to them the administration of complex affairs, including the responsibility for drafting and adjudicating great amounts of sub-legislation required to “fill in the details” of the necessarily broad, organic statutes passed by Parliament. Some indication of the scale of such discretion is found in the fact that, during the period 1963–8, an annual average of 4,130 Orders-in-Council were passed in Ottawa, a substantial proportion of which provided for delegating authority to prescribe rules and regulations to ministers and their permanent advisers. By contrast, the number of laws passed annually by Canadian federal parliaments is rarely over one hundred.

Effects Of Internet-Based Social NetworkAmong University Students’ Academic Performance: A Case Study In School Of Quantitative Sciences

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Farah Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Academic Performance ◽  
University Students ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Positive Effect

This paper is to investigate the effect of google usage on uumsqs final yearstudents’ academic performance. The scope of this paper is focusing on studying the effects of google usage on university utaramalaysia (uum) students’ academic performance. This study has been carried out among final year students of school of quantitative science (sqs) by did survey through asking respondents for information using written questioning which is questionnaire. The survey from the respondents takes time almost a week. It is believe that google usage will create a positive impact on students. By doing this study, students can know whether google is affecting their academic performance. The sources where students refer for academic purpose can also been seen. Besides, the role of google that can help students to gain extra knowledge in the learning process can be identify. Students can find out more advantages that is brought by google which can leave a positive effect on their academic performance.

A Regional Approach to Mobility Management

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Morgan D. Vogel ◽  
Robert Blair ◽  
Jerome Deichert
Keyword(s):  
Public Transportation ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Regional Growth ◽  
The United States ◽  
Sustainable Transportation ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Transit Services ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

Across the United States there is increased pressure for communities, especially in states like Nebraska, to engage in sustainable transportation infrastructure development. Through a case study of an ongoing statewide transportation initiative in nonmetropolitan Nebraska, this chapter examines transportation sustainability and planning from a regional and collaborative perspective. The Nebraska effort can be adapted to other states with significant rural and dispersed population centers. Funded by the state and the federal governments, Nebraska's transportation initiative, using an innovative public-private partnership, is creating and enhancing regional transit services in small urban and rural areas, using public transportation as a means to promote long-term economic growth and sustainability. Smaller urban and micropolitan communities, often serving as regional growth centers, frequently are overlooked when it comes to research on transportation planning and policy.

The Violence of Inequality: Race and Lobbying in the Politics of Crime and Criminal Justice in the United States

2021 ◽  
pp. 68-93
Author(s):  
Sappho Xenakis ◽  
Leonidas K. Cheliotis
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Political Process ◽  
The United States ◽  
Reciprocal Relationship ◽  
Criminal Justice Policy ◽  
The Political ◽  
The Us

There is no shortage of scholarly and other research on the reciprocal relationship that inequality bears to crime, victimisation and contact with the criminal justice system, both in the specific United States context and beyond. Often, however, inequality has been studied in conjunction with only one of the three phenomena at issue, despite the intersections that arguably obtain between them–and, indeed, between their respective connections with inequality itself. There are, moreover, forms of inequality that have received far less attention in pertinent research than their prevalence and broader significance would appear to merit. The purpose of this chapter is dual: first, to identify ways in which inequality’s linkages to crime, victimisation and criminal justice may relate to one another; and second, to highlight the need for a greater focus than has been placed heretofore on the role of institutionalised inequality of access to the political process, particularly as this works to bias criminal justice policy-making towards the preferences of financially motivated state lobbying groups at the expense of disadvantaged racial minorities. In so doing, the chapter singles out for analysis the US case and, more specifically, engages with key extant explanations of the staggering rise in the use of imprisonment in the country since the 1970s.

scholarly journals The Role of the Sharing Economy for a Sustainable and Innovative Development of Rural Areas: A Case Study in Sardinia (Italy)

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 3004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Battino ◽  
Salvatore Lampreu
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Sharing Economy ◽  
Innovative Development ◽  
The European Union

Depopulation is a problem felt in many regions of the European Union, mainly affecting inland and rural areas. In many cases, these areas are characterized by economic, social, and infrastructural marginalization. Their rehabilitation is desirable in view of a better balance of social and infrastructural management. This said, there are no proven solutions for depopulation that can be applied to all territories in the same way. On the contrary, if we examine progress in the fields of ITC and digitization, we can gather interesting suggestions on how to deal with this issue. This essay intends to analyze these aspects and to examine ways to strengthen, through programs and instruments of the sharing economy, the competitiveness and potential attraction of geographical areas considered marginal and that risk demographic collapse.

scholarly journals Enhancing Risk Management by Partnering in International EPC Projects: Perspective from Evolutionary Game in Chinese Construction Companies

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (19) ◽  
pp. 5332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yujing Yang ◽  
Wenzhe Tang ◽  
Wenxin Shen ◽  
Tengfei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Evolutionary Game ◽  
Evolutionary Games ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Interface Management ◽  
Construction Companies ◽  
Project Outcomes ◽  
Risk Management Process

Research on risk management in Engineering–Procurement–Construction (EPC) projects has received increasing attention. It is essential to integrate the resources of all participants into the risk management process optimally from the perspective of evolutionary games. The conceptual risk management model in the delivery of international EPC projects is developed in the study. Based on the data from an industry survey, the model has been validated. The path analysis shows that partnering not only directly contributes to interface management and risk management, thereby improving project outcomes, but also has a positive impact on risk management through enhanced interface management. The case study illustrates how partnering has a close linkage with interface management and risk management to achieve superior project performance, confirming the analysis of evolutionary game. The results suggest that contractors’ success in applying partnership can play an exemplary role for other contractors, and governments can create a favorable environment to stimulate participants using win–win philosophy for better infrastructure development.

Community Engagement

2020 ◽  
pp. 261-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tshimangadzo Selina Mudau
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Community Engagement ◽  
Urban Communities ◽  
South African ◽  
Social Transformation ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Rural And Urban

The chapter presents the use of community engagement as a tool to facilitate rural development in (South) Africa. In its discussion, the researcher used desktop literature review to analyze, compare, and gain insights guiding the use of community engagement to enhance social transformation and sustainable development. The discussion is advanced from the historical background of the emergence of African universities and community engagement. The focus was reflected against the backdrop of the Western approach used among various global universities. In this view, the underpinning objectives, relationship with the researched, and the role of the researching university are detailed. Practical evidence of positive collaborative results within the (South) African communities within the rural and urban communities by universities and other organizations have also been provided. A contrast of various types of community engagement is also provided.

The Role of Rural and Urban Geography and Gender in Community Stigma Around Mental Illness

2020 ◽  
pp. 109019812097496
Author(s):  
Shawnda Schroeder ◽  
Chih Ming Tan ◽  
Brian Urlacher ◽  
Thomasine Heitkamp
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Mental Health Disorders ◽  
Mental Illness Stigma ◽  
Stigma Scale ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Health Disorders ◽  
And Gender

Empirical evidence describes the negative outcomes people with mental health disorders experience due to societal stigma. The aim of this study was to examine the role of gender and rural-urban living in perceptions about mental illness. Participants completed the Day’s Mental Illness Stigma Scale, a nationally validated instrument for measuring stigma. Directors of Chambers of Commerce in North Dakota distributed the electronic survey to their members. Additionally, distribution occurred through use of social media and other snowball sampling approaches. Analysis of data gathered from 749 participants occurred through examination of the difference in perceptions based on geography and gender. The zip codes of residence were sorted to distinguish between rural and urban participants. Application of weighting measures ensured closer alignment with the general population characteristics. Findings indicate that for the majority of the seven stigma measures the Day’s Mental Illness Stigma Scale examines, the coefficient of rural–gender interactions was positive and highly significant with higher levels of stigma in rural areas. Females exhibited lower stigma perceptions than males. However, women living in rural areas held higher degrees of stigma compared to urban residing females. Implications of the study include the need to advance mental health literacy campaigns for males and people residing in rural communities. Additional empirical studies that examine the role of geography and gender in understanding stigma toward people with mental health disorders will result in improved treatment outcomes due to increased and focused educational efforts.

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