scholarly journals The Evolution of Social Constructivism in Political Science: Past to Present

SAGE Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 215824401983270
Author(s):  
Hoyoon Jung
Keyword(s):  
International Relation ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Social Constructivism ◽  
World Politics ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Constructivist Approach ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Growing Body ◽  
Constructivist Approaches

This article aims to illuminate how social constructivism has evolved as a mainstream international relation (IR) paradigm within a short period of time. To be specific, I navigated core tenets of constructivism in terms of its ontology, epistemology, and methodology, respectively. I also explored the growing body of constructivist empirical research and ensuing theoretical refinement as well as the strengths and weaknesses of a constructivist approach. Through these discussions, this article argues that constructivist approaches, since its emergence, have hugely contributed to the development of the study of IRs, providing novel insights and distinct ways of understanding of social and international reality with its own added value, by focusing on the role of ideas, identity, and norms in shaping state preferences and world politics.

11. Identities and US foreign policy

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Rowley ◽  
Jutta Weldes
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Social Construction ◽  
Social Constructivism ◽  
Constructivist Approach ◽  
State Identity ◽  
Social Construction Of Reality ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Constructivist Approach ◽  
Critical Social

This chapter examines the role of identity in constructing U.S. foreign policy. Using a critical social constructivist approach, it argues that particular conceptions of U.S. identity constitute U.S. interests, thus providing the foundations for foreign policy. After providing an overview of the influence of interests on foreign policy, the chapter considers the basic assumptions of critical social constructivism, taking into account the social construction of reality and the concepts of discourse and articulation. It then analyses discourses as sites of power, identity, and representation, along with the importance of identity in U.S. foreign policy. It also looks at U.S. presidents’ articulations of state identity and foreign policy over the last six decades.

scholarly journals Toward a Constructivist Approach in Saudi Education

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 104
Author(s):  
Sumayyah Alsulami
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Educational System ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
Social Constructivism ◽  
Effective Theory ◽  
Constructivist Approach ◽  
Saudi Students ◽  
Real Change ◽  
Different Levels

<p>In the way to develop the educational system in Saudi Arabia, the emphasis was only on the materials with no more attention for the role of the learner and the teacher in the learning process or even the external factors around them. However, there are many theories and approaches that may help the Saudi students in different levels to understand the real aims of learning. Constructivism is one of the most influential theories in learning but not the only one. Constructivist approach has different versions that might be applied successfully in Saudi context. This article will introduce two versions of constructivism which are cognitive and social constructivism. This approach can make a real change in learners and teachers in the circle of learning process in Saudi Arabia. Constructivism will be presented as an effective theory of knowledge can improve the educational system of Saudi Arabia.</p>

scholarly journals The Politics, Power, and Pathologies of International Organizations

1999 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 699-732 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael N. Barnett ◽  
Martha Finnemore
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
International Institutions ◽  
Blind Spot ◽  
World Politics ◽  
Political Organization ◽  
Constructivist Approach ◽  
Modern Life ◽  
Dysfunctional Behavior ◽  
Constructivist Approaches

International Relations scholars have vigorous theories to explain why international organizations (IOs) are created, but they have paid little attention to IO behavior and whether IOs actually do what their creators intend. This blind spot flows logically from the economic theories of organization that have dominated the study of international institutions and regimes. To recover the agency and autonomy of IOs, we offer a constructivist approach. Building on Max Weber's well-known analysis of bureaucracy, we argue that IOs are much more powerful than even neoliberals have argued, and that the same characteristics of bureaucracy that make IOs powerful can also make them prone to dysfunctional behavior. IOs are powerful because, like all bureaucracies, they make rules, and, in so doing, they create social knowledge. IOs deploy this knowledge in ways that define shared international tasks, create new categories of actors, form new interests for actors, and transfer new models of political organization around the world. However, the same normative valuation on impersonal rules that defines bureaucracies and makes them powerful in modern life can also make them unresponsive to their environments, obsessed with their own rules at the expense of primary missions, and ultimately produce inefficient and self-defeating behavior. Sociological and constructivist approaches thus allow us to expand the research agenda beyond IO creation and to ask important questions about the consequences of global bureaucratization and the effects of IOs in world politics.

Alternatives to “Legalization”: Richer Views of Law and Politics

2001 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 743-758 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martha Finnemore ◽  
Stephen J. Toope
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Research ◽  
Social Practice ◽  
International Institutions ◽  
World Politics ◽  
International Organization ◽  
Social Phenomenon ◽  
Law And Politics ◽  
Legal Rationality ◽  
Legal Processes

The authors of “Legalization and World Politics” (International Organization, 54, 3, summer 2000) define “legalization” as the degree of obligation, precision, and delegation that international institutions possess. We argue that this definition is unnecessarily narrow. Law is a broad social phenomenon that is deeply embedded in the practices, beliefs, and traditions of societies. Understanding its role in politics requires attention to the legitimacy of law, to custom and law's congruence with social practice, to the role of legal rationality, and to adherence to legal processes, including participation in law's construction. We examine three applications of “legalization” offered in the volume and show how a fuller consideration of law's role in politics can produce concepts that are more robust intellectually and more helpful to empirical research.

scholarly journals Empirical research on the internal audit position of companies in Serbia

2011 ◽  
Vol 56 (191) ◽  
pp. 123-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Snezana Ljubisavljevic ◽  
Dejan Jovanovic
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Research ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
Internal Audit ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Legal Form ◽  
Internal Auditors ◽  
Consulting Services ◽  
Business Operations ◽  
The One

In the context of the globalization of business operations and the increasing use of information technologies, complexity of business transactions, and business risk, the role of internal audit is becoming increasingly important and the range of tasks performed by internal auditors is growing. As a part of the company control system, the internal audit assesses the efficiency, effectiveness, economy, and fairness of the realization of tasks, provides consulting services to the enterprise?s management, and promotes the effectiveness of risk management with the aim of creating added value and enhancing business activities. It is the aim of this work, through empirical research conducted in large and medium-sized Serbian companies, to show the degree of development of the internal audit, the perception of accountants in respect to the tasks and responsibilities of internal audit, and whether there is a connection between the enterprise size and legal form on the one hand, and the organization and responsibilities of internal audit on the other.

A New Wave of Research on Civilizational Politics

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Henry E. Hale ◽  
Marlene Laruelle
Keyword(s):  
Policy Making ◽  
Domestic Politics ◽  
World Politics ◽  
New Wave ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Contemporary World ◽  
Growing Body ◽  
Role Of Religion ◽  
Alternative Theories

Abstract A new wave of scholarship has made major advances in how we understand the politics of civilizational identity by drawing powerfully from conceptual tools developed over the years to study other forms of identity. What unites this wave is treating civilizations not as distinctive “things” that might “clash” but as meaningful social imaginings. This growing body of work is far from monolithic, generating alternative theories that should structure scholarly debate going forward. Central issues include whether civilizational identity is primarily elite led or mass driven, whether it inherently involves conflictual human impulses, what the role of religion and values are in driving it, what its relationship is to nationalism, and how similarly we can expect the countries and people who share civilizational identity to behave. We also find emerging debates on what this newly conceptualized civilizational identity explains in contemporary world politics. Social scientists are now only beginning to apply important tools of social science to this question, with even public opinion research in its infancy. Early findings suggest civilizational identity may be shaping not only elite foreign policy making but also patterns of domestic politics, including the recent rise of populism and levels of democracy and authoritarianism more generally.

9. Social constructivism

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Barnett
Keyword(s):  
Social Construction ◽  
Social Constructivism ◽  
International Relations Theory ◽  
World Politics ◽  
Key Concepts ◽  
Structure Problem ◽  
Migration Crisis ◽  
Constructivist Approaches ◽  
Agent Structure ◽  
European Migration

This chapter examines constructivist approaches to international relations theory. It explores whether there is a possibility of moral progress in world politics, whether some cultures and countries are more (or less) inherently violent, and whether states are motivated by power or by ideas. The chapter also discusses the rise of constructivism and some key concepts of constructivism, including the agent–structure problem, holism, idealism, individualism, materialism, and rational choice. It concludes with an analysis of constructivist assumptions about global change. Two case studies are presented, one relating to social construction of refugees and the 2015 European migration crisis, and the other to the ‘human rights revolution’ and torture. There is also an Opposing Opinions box that asks whether the laws of war have made war less horrific.

Effects of music on task performance, engagement, and behavior: A literature review

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 611-627 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel W. Schwartz ◽  
Kevin M. Ayres ◽  
Karen H. Douglas
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Task Performance ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Task Engagement ◽  
Background Music ◽  
Effective Strategy ◽  
Growing Body ◽  
And Performance ◽  
And Behavior

Currently, there is a growing body of empirical research regarding the role of background music in the education of individuals with disabilities. A systematic literature review identified 20 studies between 1970 and 2014 focusing on the role of contingent and noncontingent background music to facilitate task engagement, enhance performance, and alter behavior. Though the research addressing background music has mixed results, there is evidence suggesting that this could be an effective strategy for increasing task engagement and performance and decreasing stimulatory behavior for individuals with developmental disabilities. Since music can be considered inexpensive and may be less intrusive in comparison to other strategies, its use merits additional study to explore how and to what extent music affects behavior.

scholarly journals Implications of Constructivist Approaches in the Classrooms: The Role of the Teachers

2020 ◽  
pp. 17-25
Author(s):  
Vaishali . ◽  
Pradeep Kumar Misra
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Educational Policy ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Constructivist Approach ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Pedagogical Skills ◽  
Teaching Learning ◽  
Constructivist Approaches

There is popular expectation at the level of society and educational policy makers that teachers’ must adopt different approaches in classrooms to prepare learners to meet the needs of 21st century. In this context, it is expected from the teachers to be aware of emerging approaches in learning and use them appropriately in classroom conditions. Constructivist approach of learning is one such emerging approach. Constructivist approaches are slightly different from the conventional approaches of teaching and learning. These approaches emphasize that the role of teacher must be changed from the ‘sage on stage’ to ‘guide from the side’. In fact, it is expected that a teacher equipped with constructivist approaches can encourage the learners to take active part in teaching learning process and foster their critical thinking, creativity and problem solving abilities. Extending these arguments, the present paper describes constructivism and associated pedagogical skills, enlists different constructivist approaches, and discusses the role of the teachers in implications of constructivist approaches in the classrooms.

12. Social constructivism

2019 ◽  
pp. 192-206
Author(s):  
Michael Barnett
Keyword(s):  
Social Construction ◽  
Social Constructivism ◽  
International Relations Theory ◽  
World Politics ◽  
Key Concepts ◽  
Structure Problem ◽  
Migration Crisis ◽  
Constructivist Approaches ◽  
Agent Structure ◽  
European Migration

This chapter examines constructivist approaches to international relations theory. It explores whether there is a possibility of moral progress in world politics, whether some cultures and countries are more (or less) inherently violent, and whether states are motivated by power or by ideas. The chapter also discusses the rise of constructivism and some key concepts of constructivism, including the agent–structure problem, holism, idealism, individualism, materialism, and rational choice. It concludes with an analysis of constructivist assumptions about global change. Two case studies are presented, one relating to social construction of refugees and the 2015 European migration crisis, and the other to the ‘human rights revolution’ and torture. There is also an Opposing Opinions box that asks whether the laws of war have made war less horrific.

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