scholarly journals Directionality of Atmospheric Water in Chinese: A Lexical Semantic Study Based on Linguistic Ontology

SAGE Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 215824402098829
Author(s):  
Sicong Dong ◽  
Yike Yang ◽  
He Ren ◽  
Chu-Ren Huang
Keyword(s):  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Physical World ◽  
Ecological Knowledge ◽  
Atmospheric Water ◽  
Parts Of Speech ◽  
Daily Experience ◽  
Chinese Speakers ◽  
Scientific Facts ◽  
Sinitic Languages ◽  
Linguistic Ontology

Why are fog, dew, and frost said to “fall” in some languages when they don’t in the physical world? We explore this seeming infelicity to study the nature of linguistic conceptualization. We focus on variations and changes of the morphosemantic behaviors of weather words in Mandarin and other Sinitic languages with an interdisciplinary approach to establish links between linguistic expressions and scientific facts. We propose that this use of directionality is the result of conventionalization of Chinese people’s inference from shared daily experience, and is well motivated in terms of a linguistic ontology that reflects a scientific account of natural phenomena. We further demonstrate that the semantically relevant orthography shared by Chinese speakers can be directly mapped to Hantology, a formal linguistic ontology based on Suggested Upper Merged Ontology (SUMO). In this mapping, the radical 雨 yǔ “rain,” derived from the ideograph of “rain” to represent atmospheric water, provides crucial clues to the use of directional verbs and the parts of speech of weather words. Our findings also lend support to language-based reconstruction of traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) and lay foundation for TEK research in the Sinosphere.

scholarly journals A systematic approach to schoolchildren’s environmental thinking development and prospective teachers’ training for this work organization

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 342-349
Author(s):  
Elena Anatolyevna Lamekhova
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Education ◽  
Extracurricular Activities ◽  
Prospective Teachers ◽  
Systematic Approach ◽  
System Development ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Cognitive Models ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Ecological Knowledge ◽  
Methodological Guidelines

The following paper discusses one of the aspects of environmental education. It is related to the necessity to use a systematic approach for schoolchildrens environmental thinking development. The process of environmental thinking development is linked with environmental education implementation. For a long time, environmental education was considered as an integral part of biological education, but now an interdisciplinary approach to this work is considered. Different models of cognition are also considered, the recognition or denial of which influenced the nature of science development and the content of the educational process. Cognitive models in varying degrees, depending on specific conditions, determined the level and nature of ecological knowledge system development. A systematic approach for schoolchildrens environmental thinking development should be based on the main positions, which are the basis of cognitive models that act as paradigmatic methodological guidelines. The implementation of a systematic approach to environmental thinking development proceeds more successfully when using the practice-oriented approach, which lies at the basis of the lesson and students extracurricular activities organization. The above mentioned approach can be now implemented in the form of project development. While working with students - prospective teachers, ecologization of disciplines is widely implemented.

scholarly journals THE PHILOSOPHICAL FOUNDATIONS OF MODERN BIOENGINEERING

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 16-33
Author(s):  
Ibrahim A. Shogar
Keyword(s):  
Biological Sciences ◽  
Evolutionary Biology ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Physical World ◽  
Green Technology ◽  
Ethical Framework ◽  
Philosophical Foundations ◽  
Scientists And Engineers ◽  
Research And Education

This paper investigates the philosophical foundations of modern bioengineering to articulate its ethical framework. Engineering as an ultimate mechanism to transform knowledge into practice is essential for both physical and biological sciences. It reduces data, concepts, and designs to pictorial forms. The integration of engineering with the newly emerging biosciences, has presented a unique opportunity to overcome the major challenges that face the environmental and human health. To harness potentials of bioengineering and establish a sustainable foundation for green technology, modern scientists and engineers need to be acquainted with the normative questions of science. In addition to acquiring the general principles of scientific research and identifying the intrinsic goals of the endeavour, philosophy of bioengineering exposes bioengineers to both the descriptive ‘how’ questions of the physical world as well as the normative ‘why’ questions of values. Such an interdisciplinary approach is significant, not only for inspiring to acquire the genuine knowledge of the existing world, but also to expose the bioengineers to their ethical and social responsibilities. Besides introducing the conceptual framework of bioengineering, this paper has investigated the three major philosophies that have been dominating the theoretical presuppositions of scientific research method in history. Namely, (i) Systems biology approach; (ii) Evolutionary biology approach; and (iii) Mechanical view approach. To establish the ethical foundation of modern bioengineering, the paper, also has conducted an analytical study on various branches of the emerging discipline of bioscience.The paper has concluded that adopting the interdisciplinary approach in research and education is essential to harness potentials of bioengineering and to establish foundations of green technology. To achieve the final objectives of bioengineering, both the practical and theoretical knowledge of values must be acquired. The former is essential for invention and innovation; meanwhile the later exposes bioengineers to the integrated discipline of knowledge and values. 

scholarly journals An Identity Revolution: Divagaciones (e-)identitarias, periferias andróginas y redes sociales / An Identity Revolution: Meanderings of the Identity, Androgynous Peripheries and Social Networks

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yolanda Spínola Elías ◽  
María del Mar García Jiménez
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Mass Media ◽  
Queer Theory ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Physical World ◽  
Redes Sociales ◽  
Construction Of Identity ◽  
On Line ◽  
La Red ◽  
Sobre Todo

ABSTRACTThe development and democratization of Internet, but specially, the prodigality of the social networks arisen in it, put in question the orthodox and even postmodern concepts of identity, fragmenting it, furthermore, at the time they transfer it to the immaterial space of e-identity. Similarly, they have led to the development of new artistic expressions that explore the construction of identity framed in these contexts. However, social networks, regarding to sexual individuality, limit those constructions to the sexual types predefined by the restricted organic binomial man-woman. It is in the Queer Theory and its peripheral identities where we locate the opposition, once again, to the concealment of these differences by conventional-isms. In this work, we tackled an analysis of the concepts and processes of construction in the identity and e-identity in the configuration of the gender. To do this, and as a guide, we established the androgynous and the reflection about this concept in both, on line networks and our physical world. To illustrate it, we tracked the construction and identity of this marginal identity for subsequently; analyze it in a work created for the mass media, a mutable reality to the digital context that is metamorphosed from the instant in which users upload it to the online network for discussion in the forums. The methodology that we have carried out in this research is pure and deductive, in which there has been propitiated an interdisciplinary approach based on a system of a qualitative study. For the temporary disposition of some elements of this paper, we have collected certain historical precedents, announcing the peculiarity of some studies and analysis done before. At the same time, we have gathered information of diverse means, outlining the theories that favor the examination of key elements in the research, especially those regarding to the construction of a sexual identity inside and out of Internet.RESUMENEl desarrollo y la democratización de Internet, pero sobre todo, la prodigalidad de las redes sociales surgidas en ella, cuestionan los conceptos ortodoxos y posmodernos de la identidad, fragmentándola, aún más si cabe, al tiempo que la transfieren al espacio inmaterial de la e-identidad. Del mismo modo, han propiciado el desarrollo de nuevas expresiones artísticas que exploran la construcción de la identidad enmarcada en estos contextos. Sin embargo, las redes sociales, en lo concerniente a la individualidad sexual, limita dichas construcciones a las tipologías sexuales predefinidas por el restringido binomio orgánico hombre-mujer. Es en la Teoría Queer2 y sus identidades periféricas donde localizamos la oposición, una vez más, a la ocultación de estas diferencias por los convencionalismos. En este trabajo acometemos un análisis de los conceptos y procesos de construcción de la identidad y la e-identidad en la configuración del género. Para ello, a modo de hilo conduc-tor, establecemos el andrógino y su reflexión tanto en la virtualidad de las redes sociales hiperconectadas como en el lugar matérico de nuestro mundo físico. Y para ejemplificarlo, rastreamos su construcción e identidad para posteriormente anali-zarla en una obra creada para los mass media, una realidad mutable al contexto digital que se metamorfosea desde el instante en el que los usuarios la suben a la red para compartirla en los foros y plataformas. La metodología que hemos llevado a cabo en esta investigación es pura y deductiva, en la cual se ha propiciado una aproximación interdisciplinar basada en un sistema de trabajo comparativo-cualitativo. Para la disposición temporal de algunos elementos del estudio, hemos rescatado ciertos antecedentes históricos, dando a conocer la peculiaridad de algunos análisis efectuados con anterioridad. Al tiempo, hemos recolectado información de diversos medios, reseñando las teorías que favorecen el examen de elementos claves en la investigación, sobre todo en lo que atañe a la construcción de la identidad sexual dentro y fuera de Internet.

scholarly journals ECOLOGY AND PREVENTIVE MEDICINE: PROBLEMS OF INTERACTION

2019 ◽  
Vol 98 (4) ◽  
pp. 353-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. I. Melnichenko ◽  
A. M. Bolshakov ◽  
Vladimir D. Meleshenko ◽  
I. K. Ostapovich ◽  
T. M. Khodykina
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Medical Problems ◽  
Social Hygiene ◽  
Successful Solution ◽  
Dialectical Process ◽  
Scientific Facts ◽  
Important State

The authors made an attempt to show the differentiation and integration of preventive medical Sciences and ecological disciplines as a complex dialectical process characteristic for the development of the science of the late 20th - early 21st centuries, and to analyze the methodological links of preventive medical Sciences with numerous ecological disciplines developed in recent decades. The article deals with the processes of formation of new ecological disciplines studying the system “environment - human”, a comparative analysis of preventive medical and environmental Sciences on their goals, subjects and objects of study. The study of the environmental impact on human health was shown to be carried out by already formed medical Sciences, and primarily preventive orientation (General hygiene, Social hygiene, Communal hygiene, Food hygiene, Occupational health, Military hygiene, Radiation hygiene, etc.), having accumulated considerable experience in the areas of knowledge studied by them. Disciplines arising from the differentiation of the environment and studying the preservation of life and health, in essence, duplicate preventive medical Sciences, which inevitably leads to the repetition of the path and does not give the desired results in the increment and development of new scientific knowledge. At the same time, the process of interaction and unification of efforts of preventive medical Sciences and environmental disciplines can make a significant contribution to the successful solution of such important state tasks as the preservation of public health and environmental protection from the negative impact of anthropogenic factors. The application of a systematic interdisciplinary approach in the interaction of preventive medical Sciences and environmental disciplines involves the presence of scientific facts, a complex of deep knowledge in the areas under study, the development of a number of theories, as well as the analysis of environmental and medical problems.

scholarly journals Features of the concept “Individualism” in the consciousness of the Chinese and Russians (based on the corpus of the Chinese and Russian languages)

2021 ◽  
pp. 148-158
Author(s):  
Yu Mingzhu ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Value Orientations ◽  
Cultural Dimensions ◽  
Parts Of Speech ◽  
Cross Cultural Communication ◽  
Mass Consciousness ◽  
Specific Concept ◽  
The Comparative Study ◽  
Different Cultures

The article presents the results of statistical processing of collocations for the word “individualism” obtained from the corpora of the Chinese and Russian languages. The software sorts the collocations of the selected word by frequency and classifies and compares high-frequency words by parts of speech. The concept of individualism is one of the cultural dimensions of the expression of values used in the socio-psychological and pedagogical fields. Using an interdisciplinary approach, the author analyzes the content of “individualism”, its features which are translated into the mass consciousness of the Chinese and Russians with the help of language. National culture influences the value orientations and linguistic consciousness of a particular nation. The current study of lexical units and their content in the minds of speakers of different languages is of great importance for cross- cultural communication. Comparing features of the content of the concept “individualism”, national and cultural specifics are also found with the Chinese and Russians. The examples demonstrate that the content of a specific concept in the minds of members of different cultures becomes more obvious as a result of the comparative study.

scholarly journals Evolutionary systems theory: concepts and schools in international relations

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joachim Karl Rennstich
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Systems Theory ◽  
Evolutionary Biology ◽  
Statistical Physics ◽  
Biological Evolution ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Physical World ◽  
Evolutionary Systems ◽  
Cognitive Limitations ◽  
Structural Capacity

As an interdisciplinary approach, evolutionary systems theory borrows from fields such as statistical physics, evolutionary biology as well as economics and others to build on their insights from studies of environments — as systems — and the behavior of actors within those environments — their agency. It provides a bridge between existing and divergent but related strings of research of particular systemic elements as a unifying macro-theory of our social and physical world, fusing multiple approaches into a common model. The unifying key is the focus on the behavior of agents (e.g., individuals; groups; cities; states; world systems) as it relates to the environment (both natural and social) in which these agents act and the feedback between behavior and environment. Evolutionary systems approaches can broadly be placed into two categories: (1) the biobehavioral and (2) the socialevolutionary approach to the study of international relations with the help of evolutionary theory. The point of evolutionary explanations is not to make the case that humans are incapable of making their own choices —far from it, learning and selection are critical elements of human agency in evolutionary models. Rather, evolutionary systems theory also includes in its models the structural capacity to make those choices, which derives from and depends on previous choices made, a process that is also bound by our biological evolution or alternatively by our cognitive limitations and available selection mechanisms, regardless of the relative complexity of human learning capacity.

scholarly journals Evolutionary Systems Theory: Concepts and Schools in International Relations

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joachim K. Rennstich
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Systems Theory ◽  
Evolutionary Biology ◽  
Statistical Physics ◽  
Biological Evolution ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Physical World ◽  
Evolutionary Systems ◽  
Cognitive Limitations ◽  
Structural Capacity

As an interdisciplinary approach, evolutionary systems theory borrows from fields such as statistical physics and evolutionary biology, as well as economics and others, to build on their insights from studies of environments—as systems—and the behavior of actors within those environments—their agency. It provides a bridge between existing and divergent but related strings of research of particular systemic elements as a unifying macro-theory of our social and physical world, fusing multiple approaches into a common model. The unifying key is the focus on the behavior of agents (e.g., individuals, groups, cities, states, world systems) as it relates to the environment (both natural and social) in which these agents act and the feedback between behavior and environment. Evolutionary systems approaches can broadly be placed into two categories: the biobehavioral and the social-evolutionary approaches to the study of international relations with the help of evolutionary theory. The point of evolutionary explanations is not to make the case that humans are incapable of making their own choices—far from it. Learning and selection are critical elements of human agency in evolutionary models. Rather, evolutionary systems theory also includes in its models the structural capacity to make those choices, which derives from and depends on previous choices made, a process also bound by our biological evolution or alternatively by our cognitive limitations and available structural selection mechanisms, regardless of the relative complexity of human learning capacity.

Passy-Muir Speaking Valve Use in a Children's Hospital: An Interdisciplinary Approach

2008 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 76-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren Hofmann ◽  
Joseph Bolton ◽  
Susan Ferry
Keyword(s):  
Tracheostomy Tube ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
Speech Development ◽  
Tube Placement ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Speaking Valve ◽  
Children's Hospital ◽  
Children’S Hospital

Abstract At The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP) we treat many children requiring tracheostomy tube placement. With potential for a tracheostomy tube to be in place for an extended period of time, these children may be at risk for long-term disruption to normal speech development. As such, speaking valves that restore more normal phonation are often key tools in the effort to restore speech and promote more typical language development in this population. However, successful use of speaking valves is frequently more challenging with infant and pediatric patients than with adult patients. The purpose of this article is to review background information related to speaking valves, the indications for one-way valve use, criteria for candidacy, and the benefits of using speaking valves in the pediatric population. This review will emphasize the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration from the perspectives of speech-language pathology and respiratory therapy. Along with the background information, we will present current practices and a case study to illustrate a safe and systematic approach to speaking valve implementation based upon our experiences.

Prophylactic Mastectomy - Evaluation and Treatment of High Risk Patients

Swiss Surgery ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Remmel ◽  
Harder
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Breast Cancer Risk ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Prophylactic Mastectomy ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Reconstructive Procedures ◽  
Medline Search ◽  
Breast Cancer Risk Reduction ◽  
Cancer Risk Reduction

Prophylactic mastectomy is an aggressive strategy for breast cancer risk reduction. The indications and efficiency of this procedures are not yet clearly defined. Randomized, prospective studies, comparing different surgical procedures with other modalities of breast cancer risk reduction are lacking. The report evaluates the existing controversy, based on Medline search in the following sequence: risk factors, possibilities of risk reduction, effectiveness of risk reduction, technical considerations and recommendations. Patient selection is difficult and needs an interdisciplinary approach. The women have to be well informed about all treatment alternatives and various reconstructive procedures. An appropriate risk reduction strategy should be selected individually for each patient. Up to now, there exist only recommendations from different institutions but no definitive guidelines.

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