scholarly journals The Impact of Rising Housing Rent on Residents’ Consumption and Its Underlying Mechanism: Empirical Evidence from China

SAGE Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 215824402110157
Author(s):  
Guangping Liu ◽  
Xiayuan Chang
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Industrial Structure ◽  
National Level ◽  
Wealth Effect ◽  
Health Care Consumption ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Consumption Level ◽  
Rental Market ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

Based on 465 panel data from 31 provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities in China from 2001 to 2015 (data come from “China Statistical Yearbook”), static and dynamic panel models were established by Stata16.0 software to analyze the impact of housing rent on household consumption. In order to explore the specific impact of rising housing rents on residents’ consumption, and then adjust housing policies to stimulate consumer demand, this article analyses three research topics: (a) the impact of rising housing rent on the overall consumption level of residents and whether there are regional differences; (b) the internal mechanism underlying the effect of rising housing rent on residents’ consumption; and (c) the different impacts of rising housing rent on different types of residents’ consumption by establishing fixed-effects and random-effects models. The results show that a rise in housing rent causes a wealth effect on residents’ consumption at the national level in all regions. The upgrading of the industrial structure plays a positive role in the relationship between the fluctuation in housing rent and residents’ consumption, that is, the more rational the industrial structure, the stronger the wealth effect of rising housing rent on residents’ consumption. The rise in housing rent positively affects residents’ daily necessities and services consumption; transportation and telecommunication consumption; education, culture, and entertainment consumption; and habitation consumption; while negatively affects food, tobacco, and alcohol consumption; clothing consumption; and other supplies and services consumption. However, the impact on health care consumption is not significant. Accordingly, the government should start by improving the housing rental market and reasonably promote the further development of the housing rental market, thereby further stimulating Chinese consumption level.

scholarly journals Analysis of financial development and industrial structure transformation

2021 ◽  
Vol 235 ◽  
pp. 02080
Author(s):  
Shuwei Harold Sun ◽  
Allen Wang ◽  
Huan Yu
Keyword(s):  
Financial Development ◽  
Industrial Structure ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Financial Industry ◽  
Estimation Model ◽  
Moment Estimation ◽  
Investment Structure ◽  
The Government ◽  
Role Of The Government ◽  
The Impact

This paper uses the relevant data from 2008 to 2017 to construct a multiple linear regression equation, and uses the generalized moment estimation model to explore the impact of financial development on industrial structure adjustment from the perspective of financial scale and efficiency. The results show that financial efficiency can promote the rationalization and upgrading of industrial structure, but the impact of financial scale on industrial structure is two-sided. Increasing financial scale can increase the amount of industrial financing and accelerate the process of industrial structure upgrading. However, blindly increasing the supply of loans will lead to the birth of bad investment, thus failing to promote the rationalization of industrial structure. Based on this, this paper puts forward some policy suggestions, such as promoting the diversified development of the financial industry, improving the imbalance of financial development in various provinces, promoting the reasonable investment structure and the development of high-tech industry, and giving full play to the role of the government.

The Impact of Globalization on Development of MSMEs

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-60
Author(s):  
Rama Mohana Rao Katta ◽  
Chandra Sekhar Patro
Keyword(s):  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
National Level ◽  
Work Conditions ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Market Opportunities ◽  
Growing Economy ◽  
The Government ◽  
Medium Enterprises ◽  
The Impact

Globalization has been a significant force in the development of the market and economic environments. The micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) need to focus on technological capabilities to face the competition in the globalized market. They have to analyze the market opportunities in the rapidly growing economy as well as emerging markets. The aids of a globalized and digital economy depends to an excessive extent on favourable business environments and healthy competition. The performance of MSMEs depends on accessibility to various strategic resources like abilities, technical know-how, innovativeness, and finance. Thus, it is imperative to consider the factors influencing work conditions firm level, and the strategies formulated at the national level are organized to local business perspectives. This paper examines the global scenario of MSMEs, the impact of globalization, the role of MSMEs in India, the growth perspectives of MSMEs during the pre-and post-globalization period, the critical challenges, and the role of the government in encouraging and developing MSMEs.

scholarly journals Does the New Rural Pension System Promote Farmland Transfer in the Context of Aging in Rural China: Evidence from the CHARLS

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (19) ◽  
pp. 3592
Author(s):  
Yahui Wang ◽  
Qingyuan Yang ◽  
Liangjie Xin ◽  
Jingyu Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Pension System ◽  
Rural China ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Participation Rate ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Rental Market ◽  
Land Transfer ◽  
Land Rental ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

The lack or instability of the pension system for the elderly in rural China has become a paramount obstacle for sustainable land transfer, namely land use right transfer among farmers, in the context of aging. The New Rural Pension System (NRPS), a pilot project that provided basic security for the elderly, was implemented in 10% of counties in 2009 and rapidly promoted nationwide in China. This study evaluates the impact of NRPS on farmland transfer by developing econometric models by employing the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) from 2011 to 2015. The participation rate in NRPS increased from 25.87% in 2011 to 80.85% in 2015, and the participation rate in farmland transfer rose from 11.56% to 24.04%. Everything else being held equal, the probability of farmers who transferred out their land increased by approximately 13% and the land area has been transferred increased by 11.2% due to participation in NRPS, indicating that the NRPS improved the operation efficiency of land rental market. Furthermore, the heterogeneity analysis showed that the probability and area mentioned above had a significant upward trend with the increase of the time and insured amount of participation in NRPS, which reduced dependence on farmland for the elderly and promoted the sustainability of land transfer. The government should further encourage farmers to increase the coverage and insured amount of pension system in the context of aging. Meanwhile, a platform to promote land transfer should be established to provide information about land supply and demand and reduce the transaction cost of land rental market.

The Political Legacy of Lázaro Cárdenas

1983 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 383-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles H. Weston
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
National Level ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
The Political ◽  
Reform Process ◽  
Industrial Workers ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Lazaro Cardenas ◽  
The Revolution

The political legacy of Lázaro Cárdenas is marked by a striking paradox. On the one hand, Cárdenas as president of Mexico from 1934 to 1940 presided over the most radical phase of the Mexican Revolution or what some historians call the “Second Revolution.” He was instrumental in organizing industrial workers and peasants at the national level and incorporating both groups into the reorganized government party, the Partido de la Revolutión Mexicana (PRM), that had as its declared purpose the establishment of a “workers' democracy” in Mexico. Under his leadership the government supported the demands of industrial workers for higher wages and improved working conditions, greatly expanded the distribution of land to the peasantry, established new welfare programs, nationalized the railroad and petroleum industries and inaugurated a program of socialist education in the public schools. The prestige of Cárdenas as the foremost leader of the radical phase of the Revolution was enhanced by the fact that he, unlike many of his contemporaries, never attempted to use political office for personal financial gain; he was not a rich man when he completed his term of office as president. At the time of his death in 1970, Cárdenas was eulogized as “the greatest figure produced by the Revolution… an authentic revolutionary who aspired to the greatness of his country, not personal aggrandizement.” On the other hand, Cárdenas was the architect of the corporatist system of interest representation, including labor, peasant and business organizations, that provided the institutional framework of what Crane Brinton has called the “Thermidor,” i.e., the conservative reaction to the radical phase of the revolutionary process, that began in Mexico in approximately 1940. The institutions developed by Cárdenas were utilized by his successors to curtail the very reforms, such as agrarian and labor reform and socialist education, that had been central to his reform program. Moreover Cárdenas facilitated the transition to a more conservative era by naming as his successor Manuel Ávila Camacho, who was known to favor a moderation of the reform process, rather than Francisco Múgica, the preferred candidate of the radicals in the government. In short, Cárdenas played a decisive role both in presiding over the radical phase of the Revolution and in launching and shaping the relatively conservative post-1940 era. The paradox of the political legacy of Cárdenas is that though the seemingly radical reforms he carried out had a lasting impact upon Mexican politics, the impact was predominantly conservative rather than radical. This essay will endeavor to explain the paradoxical political legacy of Lázaro Cárdenas by focusing upon his ideology, the institutional reforms he carried out while president, and the impact of those reforms after 1940.

scholarly journals Determinants of Income Inequality in EU Candidate Countries: A Panel Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 397-413
Author(s):  
Vesna Bucevska
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Panel Data Analysis ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Eu Candidate Countries ◽  
Main Determinants ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

AbstractDespite increasing income per capita, the EU candidate and potential candidate countries remain confronted with high levels of income inequality. The purpose of our paper is to identify the main determinants of income inequality among the EU candidate countries. In addition to macroeconomic factors, we also analyze the impact of demographic variables to provide more reliable estimates. Using panel data analysis with fixed effects in the period 2005-2017 for three EU candidate countries (North Macedonia, Serbia and Turkey) we find that the unemployment rate, the level of economic development and the investment rate are the main determinants whose increase leads to a bigger income differentiation in the analyzed countries. The government indebtedness has also a statistically significant, but a negative impact on income inequality. The other two macroeconomic variables in the model – the terms of trade and inflation are statistically insignificant. Among the demographic factors, population growth and education significantly affect income inequality among the EU candidate countries. The obtained results suggest that a sustainable economic growth combined with active measures in the labor market and the improvement of education level of the population could lead to more equal income distribution.

scholarly journals The Impact of Environmental Pollution on the Health of Middle-Aged and Older Adults in China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongli Fan ◽  
Yingcheng Wang ◽  
Ying Wang ◽  
Peter C Coyte
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Elderly Women ◽  
Population Aging ◽  
Pollution Prevention ◽  
Fixed Effects Model ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

Abstract While several studies have demonstrated the negative impacts of environmental pollution on population health, in general, few studies have examined the potential differential effects on the health of middle-aged and older populations, i.e. 45 years and older. Given the twin concerns of environmental pollution and population aging in China, this article employed a fixed effects model to infer the impact of environmental pollution on public health with a particular focus on middle-aged and older adults. The analyses were based on data from the 2011–2018 waves of the CHARLS and pollutant data from prefecture-level cities. The results showed that environmental pollution significantly increased the risk of chronic diseases and negatively impacted the health of middle-aged and older adults. Environmental pollution had its greatest negative effect on the health of the elderly, women, urban residents and those with lower incomes than for their counterparts. We further found that the main channels of effect were through reduced physical exercise and an increase in depressive symptoms, and the pollution prevention actions alleviated the health deterioration of environmental pollution for the middle-aged and elderly. It is imperative for the government to urgently reinforce policy's enforcement to decrease air and water pollution, and enhance the ability to circumvent pollution for the lower socioeconomic groups.

scholarly journals Participation of beef cattle farmers and the effect on production

2021 ◽  
Vol 892 (1) ◽  
pp. 012081
Author(s):  
S H Suhartini ◽  
E Gunawan ◽  
J F Sinuraya ◽  
N Ilham
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
National Level ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Livestock Production ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Farmer Participation ◽  
Brood Stock ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Increasing food production can be done through increasing productivity and increasing business scale, both of them need an additional cost. Meanwhile, capital for small-scale farmers is relatively limited, so financial support is needed. At present, the Government financing support in the form of loans program is the People’s Business Credit (KUR). The objective of the study is to analyze the role of KUR in beef cattle business and the effect on increasing livestock production. The research was conducted in 2020 in Central Lampung District with a survey method of 60 farmer respondents. The study revealed that at the national level, the participation rate of beef cattle farmers in the use of KUR was only 2.71%, and in Lampung Province, it reached 7.72%. Beef cattle farmers in the study locations used KUR funds for on-farm farming. Most of the farmers (84.4%) used the funds to purchase brood stock. The KUR program has an impact on increasing the productivity of cattle for fattening 0.2 kg live weight/head/day, increasing the scale of cattle breeding, and fattening two cows and eight cows respectively per farmer. The impact of KUR on enhancing production due to increased productivity and business scale is significantly determined by the level of farmer participation in the use of KUR. It is needed to increase farmer participation in the use of KUR and the use of KUR funds to adopt recommended technology. So that, KUR has impact on increasing livestock production.

scholarly journals The Impact of Universal Credit Rollout on Housing Security: An Analysis of Landlord Repossession Rates in English Local Authorities

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
IAIN HARDIE
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
National Level ◽  
Local Authorities ◽  
Housing Security ◽  
Percent Increase ◽  
Area Variation ◽  
Direct Payments ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Housing Allowances

Abstract Housing allowances within the UK’s welfare system help protect low-income households from eviction. Universal Credit (UC) has faced criticism for threatening this with its long wait periods, increased conditionality and monthly direct payments. However, there is currently a lack of robust, national-level quantitative analysis on UC’s housing security impacts. This article addresses this, exploiting cross-area variation in the timing of UC rollout to assess its impact on landlord repossession rates within 323 English local authorities. A fixed-effects panel design was used, linking data from UC’s rollout schedule with Ministry of Justice data on legal repossession actions from 2012 Q1 - 2019 Q1. Results suggest that UC ‘Full Service’ rollout, on average, led to an increase of 1.74 landlord repossession claims, 1.42 landlord repossession orders and 0.70 landlord repossession warrants within local authorities (per 10,000 rented dwellings). This corresponds to a 4–5 percent increase on pre-rollout rates. UC’s impact tended to increase the longer it had been rolled out. Where ‘Full Service’ had been rolled out for 12+ months, it led to an increase of 2.60 landlord repossession claims, 2.89 landlord repossession orders and 1.09 landlord repossession warrants (per 10,000 rented dwellings), corresponding to a 6–10 percent increase on pre-rollout rates.

scholarly journals Energy Efficiency, Policy and GTFP

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 01033
Author(s):  
Fangqing Yi ◽  
Zenglian Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Environmental Regulation ◽  
Total Factor Productivity ◽  
Industrial Structure ◽  
Provincial Government ◽  
Factor Productivity ◽  
Linkage Mechanism ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

The environmental and resource constraints on economic growth are increasingly evident. China urgently needs to reshape its economic growth momentum. The increase in green total factor productivity is particularly necessary for the growth of the quantity and quality of the economy. This paper selects the provincial panel data of 30 provinces in China from 2001 to 2015, and establishes a panel exchangeable errors model to analyze the impact of eight indicators on green total factor productivity (GTFP) and verifies its effectiveness. Empirical analysis shows that inter-provincial government competition, environmental regulation, energy consumption, and capital stock have a significant impact on green total factor productivity. The influence of foreign direct investment, industrial structure, and industrialization level on the total factor productivity of green is not significant. Therefore, the government should adopt suitable, flexible and diverse environmental regulation policies, promote energy-saving emission reduction and technology innovations through policies such as taxes and subsidies, strengthen the linkage mechanism between industrial structure upgrading and energy efficiency, to increase green total factor productivity.

Infrastructural Development and Poverty Alleviation in Indonesia (Municipal Panel Data 2002 – 2013)

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 51-62
Author(s):  
Puspita Ayuningtyas Prawesti ◽  
Bambang Supriyono
Keyword(s):  
International Development ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Poverty Alleviation ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Fiscal Decentralization ◽  
National Level ◽  
Government Expenditure ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

Objective - This study attempts to provide comprehensive findings on the impact of several kinds of infrastructural developments and government budgets on specific purposes, as well as agricultural and non-agricultural productions, on poverty alleviation in Indonesia between 2002-2013. Methodology/Technique - This study uses macroeconomic data at a municipal level to provide more precise findings when comparing provincial and national level data. The study uses an adaptation of the theory of international development. Findings - This research shows that electricity and sanitation are more effective at eradicating poverty than water infrastructure. In addition, household access to infrastructure is more effective in combatting poverty than the government budget for infrastructure development. The study also performs correlation matrices, dividing the data into the western and eastern parts of Indonesia, to provide more robust findings. Agricultural production is more effective in the western part of Indonesia, yet non-agricultural production is more relevant towards poverty reduction in the eastern part of Indonesia. Novelty - This study yields some empirical results and conclusions for economic development in Indonesia, finding that the key problem lies in the effectiveness of budget arrangement within the framework of fiscal decentralization. Type of Paper: Empirical. Keywords: Infrastructure Development; Fiscal Decentralization; Government Expenditure; Poverty Rate; Poverty Reduction. JEL Classification: H54, P30, P36.

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