Severity of Myocardial Ischemia Is Related to Career Length Rather Than Age Among Professional Firefighters

2021 ◽  
pp. 216507992098408
Author(s):  
Dillon J. Dzikowicz ◽  
Mary G. Carey
Keyword(s):  
Partial Correlation ◽  
Occupational Exposures ◽  
Fire Service ◽  
Career Length ◽  
St Segment ◽  
Exercise Treadmill ◽  
Proxy Measure ◽  
Exercise Treadmill Testing ◽  
Secondary Analyses ◽  
Highly Correlated

Background: Ischemic heart disease (IHD) is the major cause of duty-related fatalities in the fire service. Age and career length are not only important risk factors associated with IHD, but are also highly correlated. The aim of this secondary analyses was to assess the relationship between age, career length, and IHD, based on ischemic severity, to identify whether age or career length had a stronger relationship to IHD. Methods: This was a secondary, correlational analysis of on-duty firefighters without known cardiovascular or respiratory disease who underwent exercise treadmill testing with 12-lead electrocardiography. Ischemia was defined based on current guidelines. Maximum ST-segment depression was measured to determine IHD ischemic severity. Age, years of employment, demographics, weight, blood pressure were recorded. Multiple correlations were computed between age, career length, and IHD. Findings: Twenty-two firefighters were included (96% male, 82% White, 82% overweight or obese, 77% hypertensive). The partial correlation between maximum ST-segment depression and age controlled for career length was not significant ( r = –.392, p = .079). The partial correlation between maximum ST-segment depression and career length controlled for age was statistically significant ( r = .466, p = .033). Conclusion/Application to Practice: Career length, not age, moderately correlates with IHD ischemic severity among firefighters. Career length is a proxy measure of occupational exposures which contributes to IHD. When assessing IHD risk in firefighters, health practitioners should consider incorporating the occupational exposure history (i.e., career length) in addition to age when providing risk reduction services.

scholarly journals Hemoglobin Levels Predict Exercise Performance, ST-Segment Depression, and Outcome in Patients Referred for Routine Exercise Treadmill Testing

2009 ◽  
Vol 32 (12) ◽  
pp. E22-E31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Lipinski ◽  
Frederick E. Dewey ◽  
Giuseppe G. Biondi-Zoccai ◽  
Antonio Abbate ◽  
George W. Vetrovec ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Performance ◽  
St Segment ◽  
Treadmill Testing ◽  
Exercise Treadmill ◽  
Exercise Treadmill Testing

scholarly journals Exaggerated blood pressure response during exercise treadmill testing: functional and hemodynamic features, and risk factors

2012 ◽  
Vol 35 (7) ◽  
pp. 733-738 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandro G de Lima ◽  
Maria de F P M de Albuquerque ◽  
João R M de Oliveira ◽  
Constância F J Ayres ◽  
José E G da Cunha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Pressure Response ◽  
Pressure Response ◽  
Treadmill Testing ◽  
Exercise Treadmill ◽  
Exercise Treadmill Testing

GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF PERUVIAN CHILDREN

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1956 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 510-523
Author(s):  
M. F. Trulson ◽  
C. Collazos ◽  
D. M. Hegsted
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Partial Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Significant Degree ◽  
Skeletal Age ◽  
Developmental Patterns ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
Developmental Age ◽  
Highly Correlated

One hundred nine school children from 2 rural areas in the coastal area of Peru were measured and weighed and roentgenograms of the hand and wrist were obtained. Three-fourths of the children were below Stuart's tenth percentile in height. Roughly, a third of the children were below the tenth percentile in weight. Fifteen per cent of the girls and 30 per cent of the boys were above the fiftieth percentile in weight. Forty to forty-five per cent of the children were in the stocky to obese channels of the Wetzel grid; 5 to 10 per cent would be classified as fair to poor, and roughly half would be considered average. Developmental age (Wetzel) was 7.5 ± 15.6 months less than chronological age for boys, 10.5 ± 11.3 months less for girls. A third of the boys and 15 per cent of the girls were advanced in Wetzel developmental age. It was apparent that the heavier children were generally advanced in Wetzel developmental age. Roentgenograms of the hand and wrist were assessed by comparing the films to the Greulich-Pyle Standards. Skeletal age was -11.3 ± 12.7 months for boys and -7.1 ± 9.8 for girls. Eighteen per cent of the population were advanced in skeletal age. Boys were more retarded than girls in skeletal age. The correlation and partial correlation coefficients for all combinations of the 4 measurements (retardation in weight, retardation in height, retardation in skeletal age and retardation in developmental age) were calculated. The various pairs were all rather highly correlated, this being particularly true of weight and Wetzel developmental age. The partial correlation coefficients show, however, that skeletal age was not closely correlated with any of the other 3 measurements. Height and developmental age were negatively correlated to a significant degree, and developmental age and weight were so closely related that they appear to be measures of the same characteristic in this population. Individual dietary histories are not available from these children, but it is known that the diets in the area are considerably below recommended levels in certain nutriients. Whether dietary deficiencies are factors in the apparently abnormal developmental patterns, or if the patterns are truly abnormal for the Peruvian child or indicate an adverse effect on health, remain to be shown. It is pointed out that there are probably advantages in studies upon growth and development in different areas of the world where a variety of dietary or environmental factors may have specific effects.

scholarly journals Exercise treadmill tests in patients with low cardiovascular risk: are we wasting our time?

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 250
Author(s):  
Sarah Dixon ◽  
Judy Searle ◽  
Rachel Forrest ◽  
Bob Marshall
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Risk Group ◽  
Pain Clinic ◽  
Treadmill Testing ◽  
Exercise Treadmill ◽  
Exercise Treadmill Testing ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
Low Cardiovascular Risk

ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION The efficacy and cost-effectiveness of exercise treadmill testing for patients with low cardiovascular risk is unclear. This is due to the low incidence of coronary artery disease in this population and the potential for false-positive results leading to additional invasive and expensive investigation. AIM To investigate the value of exercise treadmill testing (ETT) as a predictor of coronary artery disease in patients with different levels of cardiovascular risk. METHODS An observational study was completed on an outpatient population from a chest pain clinic (n = 529). Cross-tabulations and binary logistic regressions were used to examine relationships between variables. RESULTS A negative ETT result was recorded for 72.5% of patients with low cardiovascular risk compared to 54.3% of those with moderate or high risk. Within the low cardiovascular risk group, patients with symptoms atypical for cardiac ischaemia were 11.1-fold more likely to have a negative ETT result. Of the patients with positive or equivocal ETT results, coronary artery disease was subsequently confirmed in only 23.1% of the low cardiovascular risk group compared to 77.2% of those with moderate or high cardiovascular risk. DISCUSSION Results show low cardiovascular risk patients are significantly more likely to return negative ETT results, particularly when associated with atypical symptoms. Similarly, positive or equivocal ETTs in this group are significantly more likely to be false positives. This suggests the ETT is not efficacious in predicting coronary artery disease in patients with low cardiovascular risk. Is it therefore appropriate to offer exercise testing to this cohort or should alternative management strategies be considered?

scholarly journals GPS mobility as a digital biomarker of negative symptoms in schizophrenia: a case control study

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin A. Depp ◽  
Jesse Bashem ◽  
Raeanne C. Moore ◽  
Jason L. Holden ◽  
Tanya Mikhael ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Average Distance ◽  
Symptom Clusters ◽  
Proxy Measure ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Ecological Momentary ◽  
Momentary Assessment ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Mobility is an important correlate of physical, cognitive, and mental health in chronic illness, and can be measured passively with mobile phone global positional satellite (GPS) sensors. To date, GPS data have been reported in a few studies of schizophrenia, yet it is unclear whether these data correlate with concurrent momentary reports of location, vary by people with schizophrenia and healthy comparison subjects, or associate with symptom clusters in schizophrenia. A total of 142 participants with schizophrenia (n = 86) or healthy comparison subjects (n = 56) completed 7 days of ecological momentary assessment (EMA) reports of location and behavior, and simultaneous GPS locations were tracked every five minutes. We found that GPS-derived indicators of average distance travelled overall and distance from home, as well as percent of GPS samples at home were highly correlated with EMA reports of location at the day- and week-averaged level. GPS-based mobility indicators were lower in schizophrenia with medium to large effect sizes. Less GPS mobility was related to greater negative symptom severity, particularly diminished motivation, whereas greater GPS mobility was weakly associated with more community functioning. Neurocognition, depression, and positive symptoms were not associated with mobility indicators. Therefore, passive GPS sensing could provide a low-burden proxy measure of important outcomes in schizophrenia, including negative symptoms and possibly of functioning. As such, passive GPS sensing could be used for monitoring and timely interventions for negative symptoms in young persons at high risk for schizophrenia.

In Pursuit of Mobile Prey: Martu Hunting Strategies and Archaeofaunal Interpretation

2009 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas W. Bird ◽  
Rebecca Bliege Bird ◽  
Brian F. Codding
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Behavioral Ecology ◽  
Western Desert ◽  
Faunal Remains ◽  
Dynamic Interactions ◽  
Resource Sustainability ◽  
Hunting Strategies ◽  
Proxy Measure ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Prey Mobility

By integrating foraging models developed in behavioral ecology with measures of variability in faunal remains, zooarchaeological studies have made important contributions toward understanding prehistoric resource use and the dynamic interactions between humans and their prey. However, where archaeological studies are unable to quantify the costs and benefits associated with prey acquisition, they often rely on proxy measures such as prey body size, assuming it to be positively correlated with return rate. To examine this hypothesis, we analyze the results of 1,347 adult foraging bouts and 649 focal follows of contemporary Martu foragers in Australia's Western Desert. The data show that prey mobility is highly correlated with prey body size and is inversely related to pursuit success—meaning that prey body size is often an inappropriate proxy measure of prey rank. This has broad implications for future studies that rely on taxonomic measures of prey abundance to examine prehistoric human ecology, including but not limited to economic intensification, socioeconomic complexity, resource sustainability, and overexploitation.

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