scholarly journals A Chart Review Study of Sexually Transmitted Infections Among Persons Living with HIV Attending an STI Clinic in Trinidad

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 232595821988846
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Edwards ◽  
Avery Hinds ◽  
Nyla Lyons ◽  
Jonathan Edwards ◽  
Shauntelle Quammie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Chart Review ◽  
Health Interventions ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Persons Living With Hiv ◽  
History Of ◽  
Review Study ◽  
Living With Hiv

A chart review study of the sexually transmitted infection (STI) prevalence among persons living with HIV (PLHIV) was conducted among STI clinic attendees in Trinidad between January 2012 and December 2012. Data were abstracted from client records to obtain the clinical and the laboratory diagnoses of STIs. Descriptive and bivariate analyses were conducted, and factors significantly associated with the presence of a STI were assessed using multiple logistic regression. During this period, 385 PLHIV were seen; 104 (27.0%) were newly HIV diagnosed and 281 (73.0%) had a known history of HIV infection; 135 (35.1%) were diagnosed with a STI. Patients with known HIV infection were more likely to be diagnosed with a STI than those who were newly diagnosed (odds ratios: 6.99; 95% confidence interval: 3.79-12.89). The STI prevalence was high among PLHIV in Trinidad, identifying them as a critical target group for public health interventions to prevent the spread of HIV and STIs.

Syphilis among men who have sex with men attending a large HIV clinic in Trinidad

2021 ◽  
pp. 095646242199719
Author(s):  
Robert Jeffrey Edwards ◽  
Isshad John ◽  
Selena Todd ◽  
Leon-Omari Lavia ◽  
David Musa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Chart Review ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Previous History ◽  
History Of ◽  
Review Study ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Age Range

A chart review study was conducted to determine the prevalence of syphilis and explore the associated risk factors among men who have sex with men (MSM) who attended a large HIV clinic in Trinidad during the period January–December 2019. Patients were routinely screened for syphilis annually, and demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were extracted from the medical records. Descriptive and bivariate analyses were performed, and factors significantly associated with a syphilis diagnosis were assessed using multivariate logistic regression. During the period, 218 MSM were seen, age range 19–67 years, and median age 34.0 years. The prevalence of syphilis was 41.3% (90/218), and 71.1% (64//90) of these infections were asymptomatic. Multivariate analysis using logistic regression showed that MSM living with HIV in the 30–34 years old-age group (OR, 4.32; 95% CI, 1.04–18.02), and those with a previous history of treated syphilis (OR, 10.18; 95% CI, 4.60–22.53) were more likely to be diagnosed with syphilis. The prevalence of syphilis is high among MSM attending the HIV clinic in Trinidad, and most of these infections were asymptomatic; hence, targeted and sustained interventions to reduce syphilis transmission are urgently required. Repeat episodes of syphilis may play a role in the transmission dynamics of syphilis in MSM.

scholarly journals Psychological Distress and Its Correlates among Newly Diagnosed People Living with HIV in Northwest Ethiopia: Ordinal Logistic Regression Analyses

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 117863372199459
Author(s):  
Nurilign Abebe Moges ◽  
Olubukola Adeponle Adesina ◽  
Micheal A Okunlola ◽  
Yemane Berhane ◽  
Joshua Odunayo Akinyemi
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Health Centers ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
History Of ◽  
Living With Hiv

Background: Although there is a high burden of HIV in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), studies on mental health issues among people living with HIV are scarce. The study addressed the transition to “test and treat” guidelines for HIV, which makes it unique regarding its evaluation of psychological distress amongst newly initiated people living with HIV in the test and treat era. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional survey of 689 people newly diagnosed with HIV. Symptoms of psychological distress were measured using the Kessler-10 psychological distress assessment scale. Factors associated with psychological distress were captured using interviewer-administered questionnaires. Ordinal logistic regression analyses were employed to identify predictors of psychological distress. Results: The magnitude of psychological distress was 58.63% (95% CI = 55.2%-62.3%). The severity of the psychological distress of which, 17.42% had severe distress. Psychological distress was observed more among female patients (β = 0.47, AOR = 1.59, 95% CI = 1.12, 2.27), patients presented with opportunistic infections (β = 0.50, AOR = 1.65, 95% CI = 1.03, 2.66) and being non-working functional status (β = 0.99, AOR = 2.70, 95% CI = 1.64, 4.45). Moreover, patients who were malnourished (β = 0.46, AOR = 1.58, 95% CI = 1.09, 2.26), having good level of knowledge on HIV prevention (β = 0.59, 95% CI = 0.55, 0.39, 0.78), presented with sexually transmitted infection (β = 0.48, AOR = 1.61, 95% CI = 1.01, 2.58), history of alcohol use (β = 0.44, AOR = 1.55, 95% CI = 1.09, 2.21), perceived stigma (β = 0.08, AOR = 1.09 95% CI = 1.04, 1.15) and treated in health centers (β = 0.55, AOR = 1.74, 95% CI = 1.25, 2.41) had higher odds of psychological distress. Conclusion: The large majority of newly diagnosed HIV patients suffered from psychological distress. An increased vulnerability was observed among females, those with opportunistic and sexually transmitted infections, those having poor functional status and malnourished. Furthermore, HIV patients treated in health centers, those who had history of alcohol use and patients with high level of HIV related stigma are more negatively affected by the HIV diagnosis. Hence, all intervention strategies should target all the identified predictors.

Previous STI and risk of HIV infection in men

2003 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 341-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Vall Mayans ◽  
J M Escribá
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Heterosexual Men ◽  
Bisexual Men ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Hiv Test ◽  
History Of

To determine the prevalence of a previous history of sexually transmitted infection (STI) and its influence as a risk factor for HIV infection among men tested for HIV, data from men having a voluntary HIV test at the STI Unit of Barcelona during a 6-month period of 1998 were analysed. Descriptive and logistic regression analysis were done to examine the prevalence of previous STI and factors associated with HIV infection. Prevalences of HIV were 5.6% in homo/bisexual and 0.5% in heterosexual men ( P<0.001). Risk factors for HIV were STI history: odds ratio (OR)=8.7 and homo/bisexual behaviour: OR=6.6; 19.8% of heterosexuals had a history of STI compared with 44.2% of homo/bisexual men ( P<0.01). A previous STI was associated with HIV seropositivity in homosexual men.

“My gums are really red”

HIV ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 259-270
Author(s):  
Fariba Younai
Keyword(s):  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Human Papilloma Virus Infection ◽  
Hiv And Aids ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Persons Living With Hiv ◽  
Undiagnosed Hiv ◽  
Severe Periodontal Disease ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Oral Soft Tissue

Oral manifestations are among the earliest presentations of HIV infection. They appear during the course of HIV disease progression and immune deterioration and also in association with many sexually transmitted infections. In the era of effective retroviral therapies, HIV-related oral soft tissue lesions are seen in less frequently, and their presence may indicate undiagnosed HIV infection or treatment failure. Patients living with HIV and AIDS continue to experience salivary gland abnormalities, such as xerostomia, periodontal disease, and sexually transmitted human papilloma virus infection, which can increase their risk of developing oropharyngeal cancer. In addition to conventional adult gingivitis and periodontitis in persons living with HIV with immune recovery, unique features of severe periodontal disease can be associated with poorly controlled HIV.

Identification of women at high STD risk among STD clinic attendees: implications for STD programmes

2003 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 526-531 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Moodley ◽  
P D J Sturm ◽  
C Connolly ◽  
A W Sturm
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Past History ◽  
Transmitted Disease ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
History Of ◽  
Current Infection ◽  
Std Risk ◽  
Clinic Population ◽  
Genital Disease

We showed an association between current infection with a recognized sexually transmitted infection (STI) pathogen and HIV infection in women but not in men with non-ulcerative genital disease. While the accuracy of recognition of male urethritis and genital ulcer syndromes is high, this is significantly less for non-ulcerative STIs in women. The symptoms associated with the latter have a broad differential diagnosis including conditions of a non-STI nature. Local sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinic attendees often comprise patients with and without STIs. We hypothesized that this may be responsible for the association of current STI pathogens and HIV in women. To identify a group of women that would be representative of a true STD clinic population we looked at those with a past history of treated genital ulcers. When we analysed in this subset the association of current STI pathogen and HIV infection, a pattern emerged that was comparable with that in men.

Correlates of newly diagnosed HIV infection among cisgender women sex workers and transgender women sex workers in Greater Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (7) ◽  
pp. 609-619
Author(s):  
Melinda Wang ◽  
Sin How Lim ◽  
Britton A Gibson ◽  
Iskandar Azwa ◽  
Thomas E Guadamuz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Linkage To Care ◽  
Transgender Women ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Kuala Lumpur ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Vaginal Sex ◽  
Two Populations

Globally, cisgender women sex workers (CWSWs) and transgender women sex workers (TWSWs) experience increased vulnerabilities to HIV infection. Unfortunately, there is limited data on the drivers of HIV infection in these two understudied populations, particularly in Southeast Asia. To better understand factors associated with HIV infection, we evaluated correlates of newly diagnosed HIV infection in these two populations in Greater Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. A total of 469 women (CWSW: n = 283; TWSW: n = 186) were included in this study. Most participants who tested HIV+ were unaware of their infection (59.6%; n = 34/57). Separate binary and multivariable logistic regressions were conducted to identify correlates of newly diagnosed HIV in CWSWs and TWSWs. Among CWSWs, Chlamydia trachomatis (aOR = 5.66; p = 0.007) and lifetime use of ecstasy/MDMA (aOR = 5.34; p = 0.03) were associated with newly diagnosed HIV, while condomless vaginal sex with clients was associated with lower likelihood of HIV infection (aOR = 0.98; p = 0.01). Among TWSWs, being single (aOR = 6.76; p = 0.03), using mobile application to solicit clients (aOR = 25.33; p = 0.006), and having C. trachomatis infection (aOR = 88.22, p = 0.02) were associated with newly diagnosed HIV. Expansion of HIV/sexually transmitted infection screening is needed to increase detection of HIV and linkage to care for sex workers. Interventions to reduce HIV infection among CWSWs and TWSWs should be tailored to these populations’ unique vulnerabilities.

scholarly journals Tuberculosis screening outcomes for newly diagnosed persons living with HIV, Nyanza Province, Kenya, 2009

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Burmen ◽  
S. Modi ◽  
J. S. Cavanaugh ◽  
H. Muttai ◽  
K. D. McCarthy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Tuberculosis Screening ◽  
Nyanza Province ◽  
Persons Living With Hiv ◽  
Living With Hiv

scholarly journals Intersectionality and Cognitive Impairment Risk in Older Persons With HIV: Age, Ethnicity, and LGBT Status

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 724-724
Author(s):  
Monica Rivera Mindt ◽  
Micah Savin ◽  
Angela Summers ◽  
Jordan Stiver ◽  
Alex Slaughter
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Executive Functioning ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Older Persons ◽  
Neurocognitive Impairment ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Multiple Regressions ◽  
Persons Living With Hiv ◽  
Living With Hiv

Abstract The Latinx population is disproportionately affected by HIV-infection and older Latinx persons living with HIV (PLWH) are at greater risk for neurocognitive impairment (NCI). However, no studies have examined whether intersectionality (including Lesbian Gay Bisexual Transgender [LGBT] status) increases NCI risk. This study investigated whether LGBT status increases NCI risk in 126 PLWH (Ages 19-73 years; 74% Male; 66% Latinx, 34% NHW) who completed a comprehensive NC battery. Domain average T-scores were based on demographically-corrected norms. Multiple regressions revealed that after accounting for covariates (cocaine use, premorbid IQ) and other dimensions of intersectionality (age, ethnicity), LGBT status significantly contributed to NCI risk in attention/working memory (B=-4.50, p=.01) and executive functioning (trend-level; B=-3.67, p=.06). LGBT status, a key dimension of intersectionality, should be considered in NC assessment of PLWH. Future research is needed to identify factors (e.g., discrimination) that may confer increased NCI risk in this population.

Demographic Change, Prostitution, and Sexually Transmitted Infection Rates in China

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Avraham Ebenstein ◽  
Ethan J. Sharygin
Keyword(s):  
Sex Work ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Demand And Supply ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Policy Responses ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
History Of

China has experienced an explosion in the sex ratio at birth, with 25 million more men than women younger than 20 (2005 census). This chapter examines the implications of large numbers of men failing to marry on the supply-and-demand dynamics of sex work, with a focus on how this affects the prevalence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs). The chapter begins with a history of prostitution in China and describes the massive increase in sex work following economic reforms in the late 1970s. It then analyzes the current dynamics of demand and supply for sex work in China, using national census data and detailed microdata on sex workers. The authors find a clear link between high-population sex ratios, the prevalence of sex work, and STI rates. The analysis concludes with projections for the future and a discussion of policy responses in light of an anticipated increase in sex work.

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