Objective Quantification of Trochlea Dysplasia: Assessment of Morphology Difference Between Control and Chronic Patellofemoral Instability Patients

Aims and Objectives: Trochlear dysplasia is an important risk factor associated with patellofemoral instability, but it remains difficult to classify with consistency. Currently there is no objective way to quantify the dysplasia. The purpose of this study to define and quantify objectively the trochlea morphology by volume and length via computed tomography (CT). Hypothesis: A significant difference in trochlea groove volume and length is present within a cohort of patients with recurrent patellofemoral instability if compared to a control cohort of similar patients. Materials and Methods: One-hundred control patients (136 knees) were retrospectively reviewed and compared to 36 consecutive patients (72 knees) who were treated surgically for recurrent patella instability and known trochlea dysplasia based on a lateral x-ray. Trochlea morphology was analyzed from a pre-operative CT and data presented as trochlear sulcus volume trochlea length. To determine where along the trochlea length dysplasia is most variable, the trochlea length was radiographically divided into thirds, volume was quantified along that section and compared to control trochlea. Results: A significant difference in trochlea morphology exists between cohorts, volume (1.98 vs 3.77 cm3) and length (31.97 vs 34.66 mm). However, there appears to be a gender based difference in trochlea morphology. The trochlea volumetric analysis between the female cohorts (L: 2.02 cm3 vs. 2.94 cm3, R: 1.95 cm3 vs. 2.93 cm3) demonstrated significant less volume in instability patients (p<0.001). The proximal 30% of trochlea contributed the majority of dysplasia difference determined by comparing mean trochlea volume, 95% of the difference. This difference decreased in distal sections, 53% and 32% respectively. The total trochlea length did not appear to be significant (L: p=0.858, R: p=0.913). It appears dysplasia alone may not directly lead to symptoms demonstrated by trochlea volumetric comparisons within symptomatic recurrent patella instability and contralateral asymptomatic patella (p=0.274). Conclusion: The authors believe this reproducible technique can be used to quantify the trochlea morphology into measurements to be used describing the severity of the dysplasia. The data confirms that symptomatic trochlea dysplasia is a “proximal” process affecting early knee flexion contact between patella and trochlea.

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The Difference between Cartilaginous and Bony Sulcus Angles for Patients with or without Patellofemoral Instability: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

The Journal of Knee Surgery ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1677541 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 33 (03) ◽

pp. 235-241

Author(s):

Si Heng Sharon Tan ◽

Kiat Soon Jason Chng ◽

Beatrice Ying Lim ◽

Keng Lin Wong ◽

Chintan Doshi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Trochlear Dysplasia ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Patellofemoral Instability ◽

Control Group ◽

Sulcus Angle ◽

Trochlea Dysplasia ◽

The Mean ◽

The Difference ◽

Meta Analyses ◽

Ct And Mri

AbstractThe cartilaginous sulcus angle and bony sulcus angle have been widely used to evaluate trochlea dysplasia. The current review aims to evaluate (1) whether there is a difference in measurement for cartilaginous and bony sulcus angles, (2) whether both the cartilaginous and bony sulcus angles could be used to differentiate between patients with or without trochlear dysplasia, and (3) whether the same cut-off of 145 degrees, originally used for radiographs, can be applied for the cartilaginous and bony sulcus angles measured on CT and MRI. The review was conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRSIMA) guidelines. A total of 11 publications with 1204 patients were included. All publications reported the sulcus angle to be greater in patients with patellofemoral instability. All publications reported the cartilaginous sulcus angle to be greater than the bony sulcus angle (MD 7.27 degrees; 95% CI: 5.67 – 8.87). The mean cartilaginous sulcus angle for the control group was 141.83 degrees (95% CI: 139.90 – 143.76) while the mean cartilaginous sulcus angle for patients with patellofemoral instability was 156.24 degrees (95% CI: 153.71 – 158.77). The mean bony sulcus angle for the control group was noted to be 133.69 degrees (95% CI: 131.23 – 136.15) while the mean bony sulcus angle for patients with patellofemoral instability was 148.42 (95% CI: 144.02 – 152.82). Both the cartilaginous and bony sulcus angles measured on CT and MRI could therefore be used to differentiate between patients with and without trochlear dysplasia. However, the cartilaginous sulcus angles are significantly higher than that of bony sulcus angles. Different cut off values should therefore be used.

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Low Bone Mass and Osteoporosis in Women Referring themselves to Dual X-Ray Absorptiometry - Experience with a Health Promotion Action

The Open Epidemiology Journal ◽

10.2174/1874297101003010029 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 29-33

Author(s):

Gerhard W. Goerres ◽

Jaap Swanenburg ◽

Daniel Uebelhart

Keyword(s):

Health Promotion ◽

Bone Mass ◽

The Self ◽

Low Bone Mass ◽

X Ray ◽

Female Patients ◽

Bmd Testing ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Difference ◽

Prevalence Of Osteoporosis

Aims: This retrospective analysis was done to describe the difference in the prevalence of osteoporosis/low bone mass between women referring themselves to bone mineral density (BMD) testing with dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and women referred by their family practitioner. Methods: Women were recruited by a health promotion action in a Swiss weekly periodical and compared with female patients sent by their physician for DXA testing for various medical indications during the same period. Patients under steroid treatment, known previous fracture and undergoing follow-up for low bone mass were excluded. Self referred women were compared to female patients aged 40 years and older and the same evaluation was repeated for women aged 65 and older. Results: No differences were found in the prevalence of osteoporosis /low bone mass in women referred by their physician vs those who were self referred. However, a significant difference was found with age: the self referred women were 63.1 ± 8.6 years of age whereas the patient group’s mean age was 59.7 ± 9.4 (p=0.0001, 95% CI of the difference: 21 – 61 years). Conclusion: We suggest that health promotion actions might be able to recruit the correct candidates for BMD testing, since we found no significant difference in the prevalence of osteoporosis/ low bone mass between self referred and physician referred women. Our data further suggest that physicians may react earlier on their patient’s risk profiles than the time frame of action by the self-referred women.

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Radiographic analysis of Hallux valgus. A study on foot arch by severity

Foot & Ankle Orthopaedics ◽

10.1177/2473011417s000386 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

pp. 2473011417S0003

Author(s):

Yamada Takahiro ◽

Norio Usami ◽

Ikezawa Hiroko ◽

Naoko Takatori ◽

Eiichi Hiraishi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hallux Valgus ◽

Bone Structure ◽

Sagittal Plane ◽

Severe Case ◽

Mild Case ◽

X Ray ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Foot Arch ◽

Group A ◽

The Difference

Category: Bunion Introduction/Purpose: X-ray measurement for hallux valgus has been conducted with various results in the evaluation. However, it was not quite clarified yet and it still remains questionable why a mild case shifts to a severe case during the course. We report about the difference between the severity and the foot shape. Methods: The study subjects were 206 feet of 138 patients. Mild case: 80 feet, mean age 53 y.o (A) Moderate case: 61 feet, 62 y.o (B) Severe case: 65 feet, 67 y.o (C) For the examination items, HVA, M1-2 angle, and M1-5 angle were measured with the x-ray frontal radiograph for loading position, and First, Second, Fifth intermetatarsal angle (M1Y/M2Y/M5Y) on sagittal plane were also measured. We also evaluated the foot arch ratio with Yokokura Method, then compared/examined those results after dividing the cases into the mild, moderate, and severe group with age bracket. Results: The age of Group C were older than Group A, B. M1-2 angle: In younger generation, three is significant difference between Group A and B. M1-5 angle: Significant in 60 s between A and B. In 70 s, significant: all group. Navicular height: all group is low arch with aging. Significant between A and C It is becoming low arch at Lisfranc level with aging in all group. There is significantly low height at M5 with aging in all group. On sagittal plane, bone axis of M1 and M2 is lowered at 40 s in Group A and B and 70 s in Group C. Conclusion: In hallux valgus, the foot shape was changed in coronal and sagittal plane. It means the collapse of bone structure at foot and ankle. It may possibly be shifting to a severe case with aging. However, we could not find any result definitely suggesting such condition.

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Endoscopist’s occupational dose evaluation related to correct wearing of dosimeter during X-ray-guided procedures

Endoscopy International Open ◽

10.1055/a-0841-3350 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 07 (03) ◽

pp. E367-E371 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Roberta Gerasia ◽

Dario Ligresti ◽

Fabio Cipolletta ◽

Antonino Granata ◽

Ilaria Tarantino ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Radiation Exposure ◽

Radiation Source ◽

Whole Body ◽

Back Side ◽

Correct Evaluation ◽

X Ray ◽

Dose Evaluation ◽

Occupational Dose ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Difference

Abstract Background Since endoscopists performing procedures in the endoscopy suite can change their position by turning their back, side or front toward the X-ray source, this study aimed to establish whether dosimeter position affects the correct evaluation of an endoscopist’s personal radiation exposure during X-ray-guided procedures. Materials and methods Between January and February 2018, two dosimeters specularly placed outside the lead apron (anterior one on the chest and posterior one on the back) measured endoscopists’ personal dose equivalent (Hp) during 62 X-ray-guided procedures on adult and pediatric patients. Procedures were divided into three groups considering the position taken by the endoscopist with respect to the radiation source. For each group, the difference between mean Hp from the anterior and posterior dosimeters was calculated. Results A statistically significant difference in mean Hp was recorded for the endoscopists’ frontal and back positions (P = 0.014, and P < 0.00001, respectively). No significant difference was found in mean Hp for the side position (P = 0.489). Conclusions The position of personal dosimeters affects the correct evaluation of endoscopists’ radiation exposure during X-ray-guided procedures when frontal and back positions were recorded. To correctly evaluate radiation doses, the whole-body dosimeter should be worn according to the position of the endoscopist with respect to the radiation source; otherwise, it results in an incorrect personal dose evaluation, which may lead to substantial underestimation of staff exposure.

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Debridement, Antibiotics and Implant Retention for Hip Periprosthetic Joint Infection: Analysis of Implant Survival after Cure of Infection

Journal of Bone and Joint Infection ◽

10.7150/jbji.40924 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 35-42

Author(s):

Martin Clauss ◽

Christof Hunkeler ◽

Isabella Manzoni ◽

Parham Sendi

Keyword(s):

Aseptic Loosening ◽

Periprosthetic Joint Infection ◽

Joint Infection ◽

Implant Survival ◽

Control Cohort ◽

Radiographic Evidence ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Implant Retention ◽

The Difference

Abstract. Background: Debridement, antibiotics and implant retention (DAIR) is a valuable option for treating early and acute periprosthetic joint infection (PJI). The inflammation caused by the infection and the surgical intervention during DAIR may influence the long-term stability of the implant. In this study, we analyzed the sequelae of DAIR on implant survival in hip PJI after cure of infection.Methods: Total hip arthroplasties (THAs) from our database implanted between 1992 and 2016 were included in a retrospective double-cohort study. THAs were exposed (DAIR cohort) or not exposed to DAIR (control cohort). The control cohort comprised patients matched 3:1 to the DAIR cohort. The outcome was implant failure over time. It was evaluated for (i) revision for any reason, (ii) aseptic loosening of any component, and (iii) radiographic evidence of loosening.Results: 57 THAs (56 patients) were included in the DAIR cohort and 170 THAs (168 patients) in the control cohort. The mean follow-up periods in the DAIR and control cohorts were 6.1 and 7.8 years, respectively. During follow-up, 20 (36%) patients in the DAIR cohort and 54 (32%) in the control cohort died after a mean of 4.1 and 7.2 years, respectively. Revision for any reason was performed in 9 (16%) THAs in the DAIR cohort and in 10 (6%) THAs (p=0.03) in the control cohort, and revision for aseptic loosening of any component in 5 (9%) and 8 (5%) THAs (p=0.32), respectively. Radiological analysis included 56 THAs in the DAIR cohort and 168 THAs in the control cohort. Two (4%) stems and 2 (4%) cups in the DAIR cohort and 7 (4%) and 1 (0.6%) in the control cohort, respectively, demonstrated radiological signs of failure (p=1).Conclusions: THAs exposed to DAIR were revised for any reason more frequently than were THAs in the control cohort. The difference was mainly caused by septic failures. After cure of PJI, the difference in revisions for aseptic loosening was not significant. There was no significant difference in radiographic evidence of loosening of any component between cohorts. These data suggest that cured hip PJI previously exposed to DAIR do not fail more frequently for aseptic reasons than do THAs not exposed to DAIR.

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Measuring Effectiveness of Mobile Application in Learning Basic Mathematical Concepts Using Sign Language

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su11113064 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (11) ◽

pp. 3064 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Komal Parvez ◽

Muzafar Khan ◽

Javed Iqbal ◽

Muhammad Tahir ◽

Ahmed Alghamdi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sign Language ◽

Mobile Application ◽

Control Group ◽

Mathematical Concepts ◽

Special Child ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Difference ◽

Gender Based ◽

Better Than ◽

Quiz Scores

Technology plays an important role in our society, especially in the field of education. It is quite regrettable that people, particularly the deaf, still face a lot of challenges in acquiring an education. Their learning methods are different as compared to hearing people. They use Sign Language (SL) rather than natural language to communicate and learn. They are required to put a lot of effort into learning different concepts using conventional pedagogies. Therefore, there is a dire need for some assistive technology to improve their learn-ability and understandability. In the present study, 192 deaf participants aged 5–10 years were sampled from two special child institutes. The objective of the present study was to determine the effectiveness of a mobile interface through a developed mobile application for learning basic mathematical concepts using Pakistan Sign Language (PSL). The present study bridges the gap between the technology-based method and conventional teaching methods, which are used for teaching mathematical concepts using PSL. The participants were divided into two groups, that is, one group learned through conventional methods (flash cards and board) and the other group through the developed mobile application. The difference in the performance of both the groups was evaluated by conducting quizzes. The quiz results were analyzed by the Z-test and ANOVA. The findings revealed that the Experimental Group (EG) participants, who were instructed by our mobile application showed higher proficiency in the quizzes as compared to the Control Group (CG). EG participants performed better than CG by 12% in the quizzes. A gender based difference was also observed for the quiz scores. Male participants in category C (word problem learning) performed 2.7% better than females in the EG and 2.5% better in the CG. Moreover, a significant difference was also observed in the time taken by participants in both groups to complete the quizzes. CG participants took 20 min longer than EG participants to complete the quizzes. The results of the ANOVA showed that the quiz scores were directly affected by the mode of teaching used for participants in both groups.

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Crystal structure of the starch-binding domain of glucoamylase fromAspergillus niger

Acta Crystallographica Section F Structural Biology Communications ◽

10.1107/s2053230x17012894 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 73 (10) ◽

pp. 550-554 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Yousuke Suyama ◽

Norifumi Muraki ◽

Masami Kusunoki ◽

Hideo Miyake

Keyword(s):

Disulfide Bond ◽

Expression System ◽

Binding Domain ◽

Map Comparison ◽

X Ray ◽

Replacement Method ◽

Glucose Syrup ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Molecular Replacement Method ◽

The Difference

Glucoamylases are widely used commercially to produce glucose syrup from starch. The starch-binding domain (SBD) of glucoamylase fromAspergillus nigeris a small globular protein containing a disulfide bond. The structure ofA. nigerSBD has been determined by NMR, but the conformation surrounding the disulfide bond was unclear. Therefore, X-ray crystal structural analysis was used to attempt to clarify the conformation of this region. The SBD was purified from anEscherichia coli-based expression system and crystallized at 293 K. The initial phase was determined by the molecular-replacement method, and the asymmetric unit of the crystal contained four protomers, two of which were related by a noncrystallographic twofold axis. Finally, the structure was solved at 2.0 Å resolution. The SBD consisted of seven β-strands and eight loops, and the conformation surrounding the disulfide bond was determined from a clear electron-density map. Comparison of X-ray- and NMR-determined structures of the free SBD showed no significant difference in the conformation of each β-strand, but the conformations of the loops containing the disulfide bond and the L5 loop were different. In particular, the difference in the position of the Cαatom of Cys509 between the X-ray- and NMR-determined structures was 13.3 Å. In addition, theBfactors of the amino-acid residues surrounding the disulfide bond are higher than those of other residues. Therefore, the conformation surrounding the disulfide bond is suggested to be highly flexible.

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Objective quantification of trochlear dysplasia: Assessment of the difference in morphology between control and chronic patellofemoral instability patients

The Knee ◽

10.1016/j.knee.2017.05.024 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 24 (5) ◽

pp. 1247-1255 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Andreas Voss ◽

Sangmin Ryan Shin ◽

Akira M. Murakami ◽

Mark P. Cote ◽

Andrea Achtnich ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Trochlear Dysplasia ◽

Patellofemoral Instability ◽

The Difference ◽

Objective Quantification

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Effect of malunited fractured distal end of radius on the morphometric parameters of distal radioulnar joint

Journal of Morphological Sciences ◽

10.4322/jms.076514 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 32 (03) ◽

pp. 124-128

Author(s):

F. Rehman ◽

M. Ajmal

Keyword(s):

Distal Radius ◽

Age Groups ◽

Distal Radioulnar Joint ◽

Morphometric Parameters ◽

Normal Male ◽

X Ray ◽

Radioulnar Joint ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Difference ◽

Group 1

Abstract Introduction: Malunion is the most frequent complication of fracture distal radius. Fracture malunion has been shown to associate with altered morphometric anatomy of distal radioulnar joint. Objective: This study aims to identify normal radiographic morphometry reference values and variations according to age and sex of distal radioulnar joint. This study was also carried out to determine the radiological correlation between normal and malunited distal radius in patient with unilateral malunited fracture to find out the effect of malunited fractured distal end of radius on the morphometric parameters of distal radioulnar joint. Materials and Methods: After twelve weeks of injury x-ray of injured wrist was compared with the radiograph of the contra lateral normal wrist for the difference in radial length, radial inclination, ulnar variance and palmar tilt. Results: Results of this study showed that there were signiicant difference in distal radius parameters between genders for both groups except for the difference in palmer tilt i.e. since value of P< 0.0001 so there is significant difference between two group 1% level of significant suggesting that with 99% confidence, there is significant difference between mean of normal male and female right wrist parameters of both age group except for palmer tilt. Similarly there were variations in all parameter measurements for those x-ray films showing severe malunion and signiicant differences were noted for all parameters distal radius between normal and malunited wrist in both age groups i.e. since value of P< 0.0001 so there is significant difference between two group 1% level of signiicant suggesting that with 99% conidence, there is signiicant difference for all parameters between mean of normal and malunion group. Conclusion: These results can be used in treatment of the malunited distal radius for correction of deformity at the wrist and achieving the best possible anatomical reduction in the young active patient and at minimizing the intervention in the low demand elderly patient with multiple comorbidities. These data also can be used for clinical research in the designing of wrist implants.

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Academic procrastination among University students – A gender based study

ASIAN JOURNAL OF HOME SCIENCE ◽

10.15740/has/ajhs/15.2/399-403 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. 399-403

Author(s):

Rashmi Rekha Gohain ◽

Sampreety Gogoi

Keyword(s):

Gender Differences ◽

University Students ◽

Assessment Scale ◽

Academic Procrastination ◽

Academic Goals ◽

Male And Female ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Difference ◽

Gender Based

Academic procrastination is a tendency of delaying academic-related tasks due to one or other reasons until the last minute of experiencing anxiety and stress associated with it. The present study aims to investigate gender differences in the reasons for academic procrastination among University Students. The sample consists of 199 undergraduate’s students who were selected from Assam Agricultural University (AAU) using Solvin’s formula and proportionate allocation. The procrastination Assessment Scale for Students (PASS) (Solomon and Rothblum, 1984) was administrated to collect the data. The difference between male and female in reasons was checked by using Z test and the results revealed that there is no significant difference in reasons of academic procrastination in relation to gender. Procrastination leads to failure of meeting individual’s academic goals so proper recognition to delaying behaviour is very much important in today’s time for a successful and accomplished life.

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