scholarly journals INCREASED LIKELIHOOD OF PEDIATRIC RECURRENT PATELLAR DISLOCATIONS BASED ON SEVERITY OF RADIOGRAPHIC MEASURES

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 2325967119S0004
Author(s):  
William Albiero ◽  
Melanie A. Morscher ◽  
John Elias ◽  
Pat Riley ◽  
Mark Adamczyk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Patellar Tendon ◽  
Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Trochlear Dysplasia ◽  
Tibial Tuberosity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Trochlear Groove

Background: The etiology for recurrent patellar dislocations in children with patellofemoral instability (PFI) is not always apparent. Radiographic and other imaging measures help guide the clinician. However, the imaging parameters for pathologic pediatric PFI and the significance of these measures based on severity are not clearly defined. This study compares common imaging measures for PFI in a non-pathologic and known patellar dislocation pediatric population and determines the likelihood of symptoms based on the severity of each individual measure. Methods: An IRB-approved retrospective review of knee MRIs and radiographs at a single pediatric institution identified 108 limbs (102 patients) meeting inclusion criteria. Sixty-nine limbs had no known patellar pathology (control group) and 39 had surgery for recurrent patellar dislocations (surgical group). MRI measures included tibial tuberosity-trochlear groove distance (TT-TG), tibial tuberosity-posterior cruciate ligament distance (TT-PCL), and lateral trochlear inclination (LTI). Radiographic measures included the Caton-Deschamps Index (CDI) and Insall-Salvati Index (ISI). These measures are representative of PFI risk factors, specifically patellar tendon malalignment, trochlear dysplasia, and patella alta. Binomial logistic regression was used to relate the anatomical parameters to the probability of PFI. Results: The surgical and control groups were similar in terms of age, height and weight. The logistic regression analysis indicated that the TT-TG (p=0.001) and LTI (p<0.001) were correlated with PFI. The odds ratio (95% confidence interval) was 1.19 (1.07 -1.31) for TT-TG, giving the increased probability of a knee to experience PFI for each 1 mm increase. The odds ratio was 0.85 (0.77-0.93) for LTI, showing a decrease in the probability of instability with each 1° increase. Neither CDI nor ISI measures significantly correlated with probability of PFI (p=0.30 and p=0.18, respectively). The two parameters of TT-TG and LTI accounted for 42% (Nagelkerke R2) of the variance between the control and surgical groups. Conclusion/Significance: Comparing pediatric patients with recurrent patellar dislocations to controls, logistic regression analysis suggests the likelihood of PFI correlates with the severity of specific radiographic measures, specifically those representing the degree of patellar tendon alignment (TT-TG) and trochlear dysplasia (LTI). Knowing this correlation can help guide the treatment of PFI in pediatric patients by providing physicians and families with a continuum on which to base their decisions.

scholarly journals Association between obesity and chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps: a national population-based study

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. e047230
Author(s):  
Jae-Sung Nam ◽  
Yun Ho Roh ◽  
Wasan Almazouq Fahad ◽  
Hae-Eun Noh ◽  
Jong-Gyun Ha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Chronic Rhinosinusitis ◽  
Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Central Obesity ◽  
Nasal Polyps ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cross Sectional Analysis ◽  
Sectional Analysis

ObjectivesWe performed a cross-sectional analysis of data from the nationwide Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey to evaluate the association between obesity and chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) or without nasal polyp (CRSsNP).DesignRetrospective cross-sectional analysis of health survey data.SettingVoluntary survey of representative South Korean populations.ParticipantsIn total, 32 384 individuals aged 19 years or older with available data on CRS and obesity were included.Primary and secondary outcome measuresDiagnosis of CRSwNP or CRSsNP was performed by trained otolaryngologists through sinus endoscopy and surveys of medical history. General and central obesity was diagnosed using body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC), respectively.MethodsA multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to clarify the association between CRSwNP or CRSsNP and obesity according to BMI and WC. Non-obese individuals were recruited as controls.ResultsThe prevalence of CRSwNP was higher in the general (OR, 1.438; 95% CI, 1.170 to 1.768; p<0.001) and central (OR, 1.251; 95% CI, 1.031 to 1.520; p=0.033) obesity groups than in the control group. Prevalence of CRSsNP was not correlated with obesity. In a logistic regression analysis, olfactory dysfunction (OR, 1.329; 95% CI, 1.137 to 1.553; p<0.001) and purulent discharge (OR, 1.383; 95% CI, 1.193 to 1.603; p<0.001) showed a higher incidence in the central obesity group than in the control group.ConclusionsWe demonstrated an association between CRSwNP and general and central obesity. Further investigations on the mechanism underlying this correlation are necessary for an improved understanding of the pathogenesis of CRSwNP.

scholarly journals Pharmacist counseling intervention to improve patient antibiotic compliance

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 128
Author(s):  
I Gusti Ayu Rai Widowati ◽  
I Made Ady Wirawan ◽  
Ni Made Sri Nopiyani ◽  
Komang Ayu Kartika Sari
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Counseling Intervention ◽  
Method Of Payment ◽  
Pharmacist Counseling ◽  
Pharmacy Setting

Background and objectives: Reported microbial resistance to antibiotics is increasing. One of the main factors is patient non-compliance in use of antibiotics. Pharmacist counseling has been shown to be effective in increasing compliance with the use of several types of medications, but its effectiveness of on compliance with antibiotic use has not been widely published. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of pharmaceutical counseling in a pharmacy setting to increase compliance with antibiotic use.Method: A randomized controlled trial was conducted on 104 adult patients aged 18 years and over who purchased antibiotics by prescription at a pharmacy in Denpasar City, Bali Province. The number of subjects was determined with a confidence level of 95% and a power of 90% with the effect size of 20%. Subjects were divided into two groups using the block randomization method, namely 52 subjects in the intervention group and 52 subjects in the control group. The intervention group was provided with pharmaceutical counseling by a pharmacist at the time of delivery of the drug at the pharmacy, while the control group was provided drug information according to the pharmacy service standard. Subject compliance was measured by telephone interview using the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale-8 questionnaire within 3-5 days after purchasing the medication. Statistical analysis with the Mann Whitney U Test was performed to determine the difference in mean rank of compliance scores between the intervention group and the control group. The proportion of compliance among the intervention group was divided by proportion of compliance in the control group to get the compliance ratio. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to determine the adjusted compliance ratio.Results: The number of subjects analyzed was 98, as 5 subjects could not be contacted by telephone and 1 subject was hospitalized. The mean rank of compliance scores in the intervention group (61.05) was significantly higher (p<0.001) than the comparison group (37.95). The proportion of compliance in the intervention group was 65.3% and the control group was 18.4%, with the proportion ratio (PR) of 3.56 (95%CI=1.90-6.64). Logistic regression analysis showed that variables which significantly increased compliance with antibiotic use were pharmacist counseling (APR=9.33; 95%CI: 3.24-26.87), frequency of taking medication (APR=6.94; 95%CI: 2.01-23.92) and method of payment (APR=4.30; 95%CI: 1.18-15.66).Conclusion: Pharmaceutical counseling at a pharmacy setting was found to increase compliance of antibiotic use. Compliance of antibiotic use is also influenced by the frequency of taking medication and the method of payment. Pharmacist counseling when accessing medication at a pharmacy is crucial for improving patient compliance of antibiotic use.

scholarly journals SAT-564 Effectiveness of Treatment with Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonistsin Primary Aldosteronism

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuta Tezuka ◽  
Adina Turcu
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Primary Aldosteronism ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Mineralocorticoid Receptor ◽  
Beta Blockers ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression ◽  
Low Renin Hypertension

Abstract Background: Medical treatment with mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs) is preferred for patients with primary aldosteronism (PA) who are not surgical candidates. Adequate mineralocorticoid receptor blockade, as suggested by renin elevation above suppression levels, has been associated with lower rates of cardiovascular and renal complications as compared with PA with sustained renin suppression. Objectives: To assess the timeline and rates of achieving target renin levels in patients with PA and low renin hypertension treated with MRAs. Patients and Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of adult patients with hypertension who were treated with MRAs in an academic center between 2003-2019. Of these, we included patients who had suppressed renin at baseline, and repeated renin measurement(s) during MRAs therapy. Renin suppression was defined as plasma renin activity (PRA) 1.0 ng/mL/h or direct renin concentration (DRC) 8.0 pg/mL. We excluded patients with adrenal cancer, end-stage renal disease, exogenous glucocorticoids, and critically ill. Mann-Whitney test, Wilcoxon signed rank test, Chi-Square test and multiple logistic regression analysis were employed, as appropriate. Results: So far, 89 patients (45 men), median age 56 (range, 19-84), have been included. Of these, 46% had confirmed PA; 25% had positive PA screening, but no confirmatory tests; and 29% had other forms of low-renin hypertension. On average, patients were on 2.9 1.6 antihypertensive agents; 62% of patients were prescribed beta blockers, and 38% were on K+ supplements. Overall, renin (PRA in 69 cases, and DRC in 20 cases) increased after MRA treatment (from 0.40 [0.10, 0.60] ng/mL/h to 1.10 [0.60, 2.23] ng/mL/h; and from 2.1 [2.1, 3.7] pg/mL to 5.7 [2.9, 16.7] pg/mL, respectively, p&lt;0.0001 for both). The cumulative proportions of patients in whom renin reached target levels during MRA treatment were: 25% at 2 weeks; 38.9% at 1 month; 34.2% at 3 months; 39.5% at 6 months; and 47.2% at 1 year. Age, sex, race, blood pressure, use of beta blockers, renal function, serum K+ and aldosterone concentrations were similar between patients with target vs. suppressed renin. Multiple logistic regression analysis suggested that after adjusting for age and sex, higher MRA dose and higher BMI were associated with higher likelihood of achieving target renin during MRA therapy (odds ratio (95%CI): 1.021 (1.001-1.041) and 1.097 (1.008-1.193), respectively, p&lt;0.05 for both); conversely, beta blockers use tended to be less often associated with target renin (odds ratio, 0.37 (0.13-1.008), p=0.052). Conclusion: Although raising renin above suppression levels is important for reducing the cardiovascular risk associated with PA, this goal is achieved in less than half of patients, even after one year of treatment with MRAs, in an academic setting. Strategies for optimizing PA treatment are critically needed.

scholarly journals Prevalence and type of cervical deformities among adults with Parkinson's disease: a cross-sectional study

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 527-534 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bong Ju Moon ◽  
Justin S. Smith ◽  
Christopher P. Ames ◽  
Christopher I. Shaffrey ◽  
Virginie Lafage ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Cervical Spine ◽  
Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Spine Deformities ◽  
Sagittal Malalignment ◽  
Age And Sex

OBJECT To identify the characteristics of cervical deformities in Parkinson's disease (PD) and the role of severity of PD in the development of cervical spine deformities, the authors investigated the prevalence of the cervical deformities, cervical kyphosis (CK), and cervical positive sagittal malalignment (CPSM) in patients with PD. They also analyzed the association of severity of cervical deformities with the stage of PD in the context of global sagittal spinopelvic alignment. METHODS This study was a prospective assessment of consecutively treated patients (n = 89) with PD. A control group of the age- and sex-matched patients was selected from patients with degenerative cervical spine disease but without PD. Clinical and demographic parameters including age, sex, duration of PD, and Hoehn and Yahr (H&Y) stage were collected. Full-length standing radiographs were used to assess spinopelvic parameters. CK was defined as a C2–7 Cobb angle < 0°. CPSM was defined as C2–7 sagittal vertical axis (SVA) > 4 cm. RESULTS A significantly higher prevalence of CPSM (28% vs 1.1%, p < 0.001), but not CK (12% vs 10.1%, p = 0.635), was found in PD patients compared with control patients. Among patients with PD, those with CK were younger (62.1 vs 69.0 years, p = 0.013) and had longer duration of PD (56.4 vs 36.2 months, p = 0.034), but the severity of PD was not significantly different. Logistic regression analysis revealed that the presence of CK was associated with younger age, higher mismatch between pelvic incidence and lumbar lordosis, and lower C7–S1 SVA. The patients with CPSM had significantly greater thoracic kyphosis (TK) (p < 0.001) and a trend toward more advanced H&Y stage (p = 0.05). Logistic regression analysis revealed that CPSM was associated with male sex, greater TK, and more advanced H&Y stage. CONCLUSIONS Patients with PD have a significantly higher prevalence of CPSM compared with age- and sex-matched control patients with cervical degenerative disease but without PD. Among patients with PD, CK is not associated with the severity of PD but is associated with overall global sagittal malalignment. In contrast, the presence of CPSM is associated more with the severity of PD than it is with the presence of global sagittal malalignment. Collectively, these data suggest that the neuromuscular pathogenesis of PD may affect the development of CPSM more than of CK.

scholarly journals Clinical Characteristics, Serum Uric Acid and Bullosis Diabeticorum Outcomes in Patients With Diabetes Mellitus

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yulan Cai ◽  
Shili Zhang ◽  
Ying Cao ◽  
Fang Gao ◽  
Mengchen Zou
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Multivariable Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Bullosis Diabeticorum

Abstract Background: Bullosis diabeticorum (BD) is a spontaneous, non-inflammatory vesicular disease of diabetes, with the observed risk of infection, including diabetic skin ulcers, osteomyelitis and even leading to amputation. However, the exact cause of BD is not well understood. So the aim of this study is to explore the high-risk factors of BD for preventing its occurrence.Methods: A retrospective study was conducted, including baseline characteristics, laboratory data, and bullosis diabeticorum outcomes of 602 patients with bullosis diabeticorum. Besides, 904 diabetic patients without bullosis diabeticorum in the same period were randomly selected as the control group. The indicators of the two groups were compared. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to investigate which indicator was most associated with bullosis diabeticorum outcomes.Results: SCr[145.00(69.00-195.00) μmol/L, n = 602 vs. 81.00(27.40-35.60) μmol/L, n= 904, p=0.032], BUA [674.00(372.50-758.50) µmol/L, n = 602 vs. 318.50(241.75-415.25) µmol/L, n= 904, p = 0.003] and Cys-C[1.96(1.10-2.95) mg/L, n = 602 vs. 1.49(1.10-1.62) mg/L, n = 904, p=0.004] was significantly higher in BD-positive patients than that in BD-negative patients, whereas eGFR [67.38(45.33-87.53) ml/min, n = 602 vs. 75.86(56.80-95.69) ml/min, n = 904, p=0.038] of patients with BD was significantly lower than that of patients without BD. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that BUA, but not SCr, Cys-C and eGFR, was independently and significantly associated in a positive manner with BD (odds ratio: 8.569, 95% confidence interval: 1.136-55.250, p=0.004).Conclusion: We found a positive and independent association of BUA with BD, which provides a great clinical predictive factor for BD and helps to prevent the appearance of diabetic foot.

scholarly journals Factors associated with medial meniscal subluxation in knees with medial meniscus tears: a cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinguang Liu ◽  
Ran Ding ◽  
Chen Liu ◽  
Bin Yang ◽  
Weiguo Wang
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Medial Meniscus ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Independent Factor ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Meniscus Tears

Abstract Background Previous studies have indicated that medial meniscal subluxation (MMS) is associated with special types of medial meniscus tears (MMT) and chondral lesions. However, most of these studies lacked arthroscopic findings and did not adjust for possible confounders. The purpose of this study was to explore factors associated with MMS in patients with MMT using multivariate logistic regression analysis. Methods A retrospective analysis of 115 patients who underwent arthroscopic surgery for MMT was conducted. The medial meniscal extrusion (MME) distance was measured on a single mid-coronal magnetic resonance (MR) image, and the MMS group included patients with MME distance ≥3 mm (55 patients with 55 knees). Other patients were included as the control group (60 patients with 60 knees). Demographic and clinical data were collected as variates. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with MMS. Results In a univariate analysis, the Outerbridge classification (P=0.002) and the type of MMT (P<0.001) were significantly different between the MMS group and the control group. According to unadjusted and age- and body mass index (BMI)-adjusted multivariate logistic regression analysis, the type of MMT was an independent factor associated with MMS. Compared with horizontal tears, radial tears, posterior medial meniscus root tears (PMMRT) and complex tears had approximately 6-fold (adjusted OR 6.468, 95% CI 1.509–27.718, P=0.012), 10-fold (adjusted OR 10.324, 95% CI 1.719–61.989, P=0.011) and 4-fold (adjusted OR 4.458, 95% CI 1.602–12.408, P=0.004) higher associations with MMS, respectively. Conclusion The type of MMT was an independent factor associated with MMS in knees with MMT. Radial tears, PMMRT and complex tears were more likely than horizontal tears to result in MMS. The results suggest that MMT combined with MMS should be noted when managing MMT, especially radial tears, PMMRT and complex tears. Moreover, the results indicate that we must not only preserve the meniscus as much as possible but also restore its position to as close to normal as possible.

scholarly journals Association of Dyslipidemia With Nucleoside Analogue Treatment in HBeAg-Positive Chronic Hepatitis B Patients

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ziqiang Xia ◽  
Juzeng Zheng ◽  
Liang Zheng ◽  
Endian Zheng ◽  
Zhuolin Zou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis B ◽  
Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Hbeag Seroconversion ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Lipid Control

Abstract BackgroundThe prevalence of dyslipidemia in China is increasing annually. Current studies suggest that dyslipidemia affects the antiviral efficacy of hepatitis C virus (HCV) therapies. Recent studies have shown that serum lipids influence the response rates of chronic hepatitis B patients receiving PEGylated interferon-alpha (Peg IFN-a) treatment. However, the role of dyslipidemia in the efficacy of nucleoside (acid) analogues in chronic hepatitis B patients has not been determined. Methods From January 2010 to December 2013, data from 179 treatment-naive patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) who were hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-positive and visited the first affiliated hospital of Wenzhou Medical University were collected. Amongst them, 68 patients were diagnosed with CHB complicated with dyslipidemia (dyslipidemia group) whilst 111 patients comprised the lipid control group. Three treatment strategies were performed amongst the 179 CHB patients over a 5 year period. Treatments included combination therapy of lamivudine (LAM) plus adefovir dipivoxil (ADV), telbivudine (LdT) monotherapy or entecavir (ETV) monotherapy. Serum assessments, blood biochemistry, HBV serological markers, HBV DNA before treatment and HBeAg serological conversion and virological responses at different time points after treatment were compared between the two groups. Measurement data were compared using τ tests, whilst enumeration data were compared using c2 tests. Correlation analysis was performed using binary Logistic regression analysis. Results The rates of HBeAg seroconversion in the dyslipidemia group at years 1, 2, 3 and 4 were 10.3%, 13.2%, 17.6% and 22.1%, respectively, which were not significantly lower than those of the lipid control group 11.7%, 16.2%, 18.0% and 33.3%, (c2 = 0.085, 0.293, 0.004 and 2.601, respectively; R > 0.05). However, the rates of HBeAg seroconversion in the dyslipidemia group were significantly lower than those of the lipid control group at year 5 (27.9% vs 43.2%, c2 =4.216, R<0.05). Univariate logistic regression analysis showed significant differences in sex PTA, ALT, AST, CR and LDL-C. Multivariate regression analysis demonstrated that dyslipidemia (OR=1.993, R=0.038), and male gender (OR=2.317, R=0.029) were risk factors associated with HBeAg seroconversion.Conclusions During antiviral therapy, dyslipidemia affects HBeAg seroconversion in CHB patients treated with nucleoside (acid) analogues but does not affect the virological response.

scholarly journals Association between motoric cognitive risk syndrome and frailty among Chinese older adults

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shanshan Shen ◽  
Xingkun Zeng ◽  
Liyu Xu ◽  
Lingyan Chen ◽  
Zixia Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Cognitive Complaints ◽  
Chinese Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Risk ◽  
Subjective Cognitive Complaints

Abstract Background: Motoric cognitive risk syndrome (MCR) is a newly proposed pre-dementia syndrome incorporating subjective cognitive complaints and slow gait. Previous studies have shown that subjective cognitive complaints and slow gait are reported to be associated with frailty in cognitively unimpaired older adults, but little is known giving attention to the link between MCR and frailty in older adults. Therefore, the aim of the study was to explore the associations of MCR and its components and frailty in Chinese older adults. Methods: In an observation cross-sectional study, a total of 429 older adults aged 60 years and older were admitted to the geriatric department. According to MCR criteria, all participants were classified to 4 groups: 1) MCR group; 2) subjective cognitive complaints group; 3) slow gait group; 4) healthy control group. Physical frailty was assessed by Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS). The multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to examine the association between MCR and frailty in older adults. Results: The prevalence of subjective cognitive complaints, slow gait and MCR was 15.9%, 10.0% and 4.0%, respectively. After adjusting for confounding variables, the logistic regression analysis showed that slow gait (odds ratio [OR] 3.40, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.40-8.23, P=0.007) and MCR (odds ratio [OR] 5.53, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.46-20.89, P=0.012) were independently associated with frailty, but not subjective cognitive complaints. Conclusions: MCR and slow gait were significantly associated with frailty in Chinese older adults. Further study should prospectively determine the causal relationship between MCR and frailty.

scholarly journals Prevalence of epiretinal membrane in the phakic eyes based on spectral-domain optical coherence tomography

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. e0245063
Author(s):  
Boyun Kim ◽  
Ayoung Choi ◽  
Jin Heung Park ◽  
Sohee Jeon
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Epiretinal Membrane ◽  
Matched Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Matched Control Group ◽  
Phakic Eyes

The prevalence of epiretinal membrane (ERM) and associated factors in the phakic eyes have not been fully elucidated yet. This cross-sectional study included 2,354 phakic eyes without retinal diseases or surgical history. Ocular parameters, such as uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), spherical equivalent (SE), intraocular pressure (IOP), white-to-white corneal diameter (WTW), mean keratometric value (Km) of total corneal refractive power at 4-mm diameter (TCRP4), astigmatism of TCRP4, total corneal irregular astigmatism (TCIA), pupil diameter, axial length (AXL), anterior chamber depth (ACD), lens thickness (LT), and posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) were compared between ERM group and control group. Additionally, an age-matched control group was selected by individual matching and compared with the ERM group to eliminate the confounders. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the factors associated with the presence of ERM. Among 2,354 eyes, 429 eyes (18.2%) had ERM based on spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. The ERM group showed higher prevalence of PVD, worse CDVA, higher astigmatism of TCRP4, higher TCIA, smaller pupil size, longer AXL, and thicker LT than control group (P < 0.001, P < 0.001, P = 0.011, P < 0.001, P = 0.023, P < 0.001, and P < 0.001, respectively). Only PVD, CDVA, SE, astigmatism of TCRP4, TCIA, and AXL maintained the significance when compared with the age-matched control group (P < 0.001, P = 0.026, P < 0.001, P = 0.001, P = 0.003, and P < 0.001, respectively). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age, PVD, CDVA, and TCIA were independently associated with the presence of ERM (P < 0.001, P < 0.001, P = 0.011, and P = 0.002). The prevalence of ERM detected using SD-OCT was 18.2% in the middle aged phakic population. Eyes with TCIA, in addition to older age and PVD, were more likely to have ERM.

scholarly journals Facemask wearing to prevent COVID-19 transmission and associated factors among taxi drivers in Dessie City and Kombolcha Town, Ethiopia

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. e0247954
Author(s):  
Tarikuwa Natnael ◽  
Yeshiwork Alemnew ◽  
Gete Berihun ◽  
Masresha Abebe ◽  
Atsedemariam Andualem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
World Health ◽  
Multivariable Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Taxi Drivers ◽  
Targeted Interventions

Background The World Health Organization (WHO) has pointed out that urban taxi drivers and their passengers are at higher risk of transmitting coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) due to frequent contact among many people. Facemask wearing is one of the preventive measures recommended to control the transmission of the virus. A lack of evidence of the proportion of facemask wearing among taxi drivers and associated factors in Ethiopia, including Dessie City and Kombolcha Town, hinders the design of targeted interventions to advocate for facemask use. This study was designed to address this gap. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among 417 taxi drivers in Dessie City and Kombolcha Town from July to August, 2020. The study participants were selected using a simple random sampling technique after proportionally allocating the sample size from the total number of taxi drivers working in Dessie City and Kombolcha Town. The data were collected by trained data collectors using a structured questionnaire and an on-the-spot observational checklist. The collected data were checked, coded and entered to EpiData version 4.6 and exported to Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25.0 for data cleaning and analysis. Bivariate (Crude Odds Ratio [COR]) and multivariable (Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR]) logistic regression analyses were employed using 95% CI (confidence interval). From bivariate logistic regression analysis, variables with p-value < 0.250 were retained into multivariable logistic regression analysis. Then, from the multivariable analysis, variables with p-value < 0.050 were declared as factors significantly associated with facemask wearing among taxi drivers in Dessie City and Kombolcha Town. Main findings The proportion of taxi drivers who wore a facemask was 54.68% [95%CI: 50.10–59.7%]. The majority (58.3%) of drivers were using cloth facemasks, followed by N95 facemasks (24.5%) and surgical facemasks (17.3%). Out of the total 417 taxi drivers, more than two-thirds (69.8%) of them had a good knowledge about COVID-19 and 67.6% of taxi drivers had a positive attitude towards taking precautions against transmission of COVID-19. Three-fourths (74.1%) of the taxi drivers believed that wearing a facemask could prevent COVID-19. More than half (52.5%) felt discomfort when wearing a facemask. Almost three-fourths (72.2%) of taxi drivers felt that the presence of local government pressure helped them to wear a facemask. We found that marital status [AOR = 3.14, 95%CI: 1.97–5.01], fear of the disease [AOR = 2.1, 95%CI: 1.28–3.47], belief in the effectiveness of a facemask [AOR = 5.6, 95%CI: 3.1–10.16] and feeling government pressure [AOR = 3.6, 95%CI: 2.16–6.13] were factors significantly associated with wearing a facemask. Conclusion We found that the proportion of facemask wearers among taxi drivers was relatively low in Dessie City and Kombolcha Town. In order to increase that number, government bodies should work aggressively to encourage more taxi drivers to wear a facemask. We also recommend that government and non-government organizations work very closely together to implement strategies that promote facemask use, including increasing the availability of inexpensive facemasks, and monitoring and controlling facemask use.

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