A Critical Discourse of EI and CA in Emerging Economies: The Place of Nigeria Within the Global Innovation Ecosystems

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 295-314
Author(s):  
Lukman Raimi ◽  
Hassan Yusuf
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Economies ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Global Competitiveness ◽  
Technological Readiness ◽  
Innovation Ecosystems ◽  
Global Innovation ◽  
Global Competitiveness Index

This study explores the levels of and barriers to entrepreneurial innovation (EI) and competitive advantage (CA) in emerging economies, and situates the findings within the Nigeria’s global innovation ecosystems. A qualitative research approach is preferred relying on the secondary data extracted from the reports of Global Competitiveness Index (GCI) and enriched by scholarly works including insights from the reports of Global Entrepreneurship Index (GEI). The extracted data from the afore-mentioned sources were critically reviewed and analysed using content analysis to understand the connection between EI and CA. At the end of the analysis, the study found that for 10 years (2008–2017), Nigeria manifested low EI and CA on the GCI ranking, whereas other African countries such as Ghana, Cameroon and South Africa, with lesser economic resources, did comparatively better. Second, it was found that, the key barriers to EI and CA are infrastructural neglect, lack of strong regulatory institutions, weak macroeconomic environment, weak technological readiness, poor business sophistication and low innovation among others. The study improves understanding of theoretical, managerial and policy implications of EI and CA. It also provides appropriate strategic suggestions for stimulating EI and enhancing CA at both national and industry levels in Nigeria. The study contributes to the raging debates on EI and CA in emerging economies. It also supports the Schumpeter’s creative discovery theory and resource-based view of CA.

Outward Foreign Direct Investment in Emerging Economies

2017 ◽  
pp. 244-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmet Oğuz Demir ◽  
Muhammad Moiz
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Emerging Economies ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Outward Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Competitive Advantages ◽  
Global Competitiveness ◽  
Developed Economies ◽  
Technological Readiness ◽  
Country Factors ◽  
Global Competitiveness Index

Outward Foreign Direct Investment (OFDI) has been utilized by developed economies to enter developing markets for competitive advantages. However, recent boom in OFDI from emerging economies has prompted the question as to why these economies are investing abroad? A modest amount of literature exists regarding China and India, however, Turkey being an emerging economy has been largely untapped when it comes to determinants of OFDI. This study uses the Global Competitiveness Index (GCI) to find host and home country factors which have led to OFDI from Turkey to their top 10 investment destinations for the past 10 years. The host country factors found to be significantly correlated with Turkish OFDI are innovation (Netherlands and Russia), technological readiness (Russia and UK), labor market efficiency (Netherlands), infrastructure (Netherlands), domestic market size (Germany), and exports (UK). The home factors found to be significantly correlated with Turkish OFDI are infrastructure and domestic competition.

Outward Foreign Direct Investment in Emerging Economies

2020 ◽  
pp. 1244-1257
Author(s):  
Ahmet Oğuz Demir ◽  
Muhammad Moiz
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Emerging Economies ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Outward Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Competitive Advantages ◽  
Global Competitiveness ◽  
Developed Economies ◽  
Technological Readiness ◽  
Country Factors ◽  
Global Competitiveness Index

Outward Foreign Direct Investment (OFDI) has been utilized by developed economies to enter developing markets for competitive advantages. However, recent boom in OFDI from emerging economies has prompted the question as to why these economies are investing abroad? A modest amount of literature exists regarding China and India, however, Turkey being an emerging economy has been largely untapped when it comes to determinants of OFDI. This study uses the Global Competitiveness Index (GCI) to find host and home country factors which have led to OFDI from Turkey to their top 10 investment destinations for the past 10 years. The host country factors found to be significantly correlated with Turkish OFDI are innovation (Netherlands and Russia), technological readiness (Russia and UK), labor market efficiency (Netherlands), infrastructure (Netherlands), domestic market size (Germany), and exports (UK). The home factors found to be significantly correlated with Turkish OFDI are infrastructure and domestic competition.

Does Enhancing of the Competitiveness Influence on Foreign Direct Investments in Western Balkan Countries?

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matea Zlatković
Keyword(s):  
Market Efficiency ◽  
Foreign Direct Investments ◽  
Global Competitiveness ◽  
Technological Readiness ◽  
Regional Market ◽  
National Competitiveness ◽  
Good Market ◽  
World Economic ◽  
Global Competitiveness Index ◽  
Per Capita

Foreign direct investments present a valuable source of national competitiveness as they have attributes of capital flows provide knowledge and technology transfer from one country to target country. In this paper are used variables defined by World Economic Forum which construct Global Competitiveness Index for assessing competitiveness of the country. The purpose of the research is to examine does the national competitiveness increase enhance the level of FDI flows in transition Western Balkan economies that are not yet full members of European Union. The findings claim that larger increase in FDI per capita stocks in majority analyzed countries would have if making infrastructure more competitiveness, accelerate their technological readiness and improve innovation while certain countries should work on health and primary education and higher education and training. According to the results, there is no correlation between FDI flows and macroeconomic environment, institutions, development of financial markets, good market efficiency, labor market efficiency and business sophistication. Applying benchmark method, it is established the most competitive WB country as benchmark value for other transition countries in its neighborhood for enhancing their competitiveness, specially in the regional market. Also, it is obtained what if analysis to detect potential rise of FDI per capita stocks as a consequence of potential changes in some competitiveness variables. It is also calculated the potential increase in FDI/capita due to similar changes in different competitiveness variables.

Macroeconomic Factors of Competitiveness of Serbian Economy and ICT Sector

2012 ◽  
pp. 714-727 ◽  
Author(s):  
Drago Cvijanovic ◽  
Ivan Milojevic ◽  
Radovan Pejanovic
Keyword(s):  
Developed Countries ◽  
Operating Efficiency ◽  
Macroeconomic Factors ◽  
Global Competitiveness ◽  
Technological Readiness ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Global Competitiveness Index ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
High Level ◽  
Sustainable Economic Growth

Information and communication technology is an initiating and driving force behind economic development. The contribution of the ICT sector is in production and export increase within the sector itself and of the competitiveness of the economy as a whole. Competitiveness is synonymous with productivity and can be enhanced by rational utilization and investment in resources, application of the latest knowledge, investment, by increase of operating efficiency, and implementation of modern technologies in production. Competitiveness implies development of infrastructure and telecommunications, and intensive Internet usage. According to the Global Competitiveness Index, Serbia is lowly ranked. Serbia has the greatest advantage in the area of elementary and higher education, technological readiness and innovativeness. The analysis of technological readiness and the level of innovativeness within the global competitiveness of Serbian economy in 2009, indicates a high level of competitiveness and potential to be developed. Technology transfer from the developed countries is the basis for long-term sustainable economic growth and development. The paper focuses on the analysis of competitiveness of Serbian economy, international economic environment and the determinants of competitiveness.

Macroeconomic Factors of Competitiveness of Serbian Economy and ICT Sector

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Drago Cvijanovic ◽  
Ivan Milojevic ◽  
Radovan Pejanovic
Keyword(s):  
Developed Countries ◽  
Operating Efficiency ◽  
Macroeconomic Factors ◽  
Global Competitiveness ◽  
Technological Readiness ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Global Competitiveness Index ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
High Level ◽  
Sustainable Economic Growth

Information and communication technology is an initiating and driving force behind economic development. The contribution of the ICT sector is in production and export increase within the sector itself and of the competitiveness of the economy as a whole. Competitiveness is synonymous with productivity and can be enhanced by rational utilization and investment in resources, application of the latest knowledge, investment, by increase of operating efficiency, and implementation of modern technologies in production. Competitiveness implies development of infrastructure and telecommunications, and intensive Internet usage. According to the Global Competitiveness Index, Serbia is lowly ranked. Serbia has the greatest advantage in the area of elementary and higher education, technological readiness and innovativeness. The analysis of technological readiness and the level of innovativeness within the global competitiveness of Serbian economy in 2009, indicates a high level of competitiveness and potential to be developed. Technology transfer from the developed countries is the basis for long-term sustainable economic growth and development. The paper focuses on the analysis of competitiveness of Serbian economy, international economic environment and the determinants of competitiveness.

scholarly journals ENSURING A BALANCED INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENT OF UKRAINE'S ECONOMY UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF GLOBAL UNCERTAINTY

2021 ◽  
pp. 105-109
Author(s):  
Наталія Решетняк ◽  
Олена Назаренко ◽  
Юлія Єгорова
Keyword(s):  
Developed Countries ◽  
Human Potential ◽  
Global Coordinate System ◽  
Innovative Development ◽  
Global Competitiveness ◽  
Research Technology ◽  
Global Innovation ◽  
Global Competitiveness Index ◽  
Competitiveness Index ◽  
Global Uncertainty

The need to ensure balanced innovative development of Ukraine is due to global uncertainty, dynamic processes and structural changes that are taking place today in the global economy. In these conditions, it is relevant to determine the position of Ukraine in the global coordinate system precisely in terms of innovation. Assessment of the state of the scientific and technical sphere, innovative development, research results in the countries of the world at the international level is carried out according to many indicators of various ratings, the most authoritative of which are: Global Innovation Index, Global Competitiveness Index, European Innovation Scoreboard. An analysis of the achieved level of innovative development of the Ukrainian economy in terms of international ratings requires the determination of methodological principles for their calculation. According to the results of the study, it was found that, despite some positive trends, in general, there is a significant gap between the level of innovative development of Ukraine and developed countries. It was found that the position of our country on the Global Competitiveness Index in the past few years has fluctuated between 76-89 places, in accordance with which, it is concluded that there are no effective reforms in the field of research, technology and innovation. The study of innovative activities of European countries and countries - regional neighbors demonstrated Ukraine's membership in the group with the status of «Modest Innovator». Low values of the analyzed indicators in international ratings are associated with errors in government policy and existing problems in the innovation sphere - the use of human potential, the quality of innovation infrastructure, the formation of sustainable relationships between elements of the national innovation system as a whole. The issues of cooperation with international institutions and poor integration into international scientific, technical and innovative cooperation remain unresolved. In this regard, steps are proposed in the direction of Ukraine joining the global innovation processes, which will bring the rating results closer to the level of developed countries in the future.

scholarly journals Innovative development of Ukraine in the context of implementation of the association with EU

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Innovative Development ◽  
Innovation Development ◽  
Association Agreement ◽  
Global Competitiveness ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Innovation Potential ◽  
Global Innovation ◽  
Global Competitiveness Index ◽  
Implementation Of Innovations ◽  
The Eu

The signing of the Association Agreement in 2014 provides for the development of innovation cooperation between Ukraine and the EU, so it is appropriate to analyze the development of innovation in Ukraine since the signing to assess the effectiveness of the agreement and identify weaknesses and strengths of Ukraine as an innovator and make appropriate recommendations. The object of the research of the article is the innovative development of country and accordingly the subject is the current state of the innovative development of Ukraine in the conditions of implementation of the Association agreement with Europen Union. The goal of the research is to determine the level of innovation development in Ukraine, highlight the main advantages and disadvantages and provide appropriate recommendations for improving the conditions of innovation development in the country in the framework of the Association Agreement. To achieve the goal of the the research analysis of the dynamics of indicators that characterize the level of innovation development in the country since the signing of the Agreement was conducted. The database is international rankings such as the Global Innovation Index, the Bloomberg Innovation Index, the Global Competitiveness Index and the EU Innovation Scoreboard. Results: based on the analysis of the dynamics of indicators of the level of innovation development in Ukraine, weaknesses that prevent Ukraine from realizing its innovation potential are identified and a correlation coefficient to assess the relationship between GDP per capita and the level of innovation development is calculated. Conclusions: despite the current Agreement between Ukraine and the EU, which should stimulate the development of technology in Ukraine, the level of innovative development in the country still remains low and lags far behind the level of EU states. Thus, Ukraine does not take full advantage of the Association Agreement. The given recommendations for increasing the level of innovation development in Ukraine based on european experience should help develop a strategy for the creation and implementation of innovations, find ways to increase the competitiveness of the Ukraine’s economy by implementation its innovation potential.

scholarly journals SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGIES AND INNOVATION IN GEORGIA IN THE DIMENSION OF GLOBAL EVALUATIONS: TRENDS AND CHALLENGES

2020 ◽  
pp. 156-162
Author(s):  
ELENE PITSKHELAURI
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Global Competitiveness ◽  
Cornell University ◽  
Technology And Innovation ◽  
Science Technology ◽  
Global Innovation ◽  
Innovation And Technology ◽  
Global Competitiveness Index ◽  
Science Technology And Innovation

The paper explores the development of science, technology and innovation in Georgia over the last decade, reveals main tendencies, strengths and weaknesses. In a modern world, complex indexes are effectively utilized in order to evaluate the development of ST&I, perform a comparative analysis and ranking countries. This itself supports the definition of economic strategies in the countries for increasing the productivity and long-term development. The goal of study was to evaluate the tendencies of ST&I in Georgia for the time period of 2009-2019. A comparative analysis of progress has been carried out using Global Index of Innovation (GII) and the Global Competitiveness Index. According to the Global Innovation Index, the position of Georgia has significantly improved during the last 10 years and especially in the past 2 years. In comparison to 2015, Georgia improved its position in world ranking by 25 positions and by 50 positions - in comparison to 2009. In the report 2019 of Georgia›s Innovation and Technology Agency, it is highlighted that Georgia is innovatively better in comparison to its GDP (Cornell University & INSEAD & WIPO, 2019: 20). Georgia has the highest ranking in the following pillars of the index: institutional structure ( score – 74,3 and ranking -26) and market sophistication (score – 62.1 and ranking -15). In other pillars the country ranking range varies between 58-72 and score between 22.5-44.7. During 2011-2019, among all pillars of the index the following areas reached the highest scores in 2019: institutions, infrastructure and market sophistication. During the last decade all pillars of the index are progressing except knolwedge and technology outputs. In these the position and rating of Georgia has even become worse; in comparison to 2011 the ranking of Georgia in this group dropped and went down 25 positions. In 2019 Georgia’s Innovation and Technology Agency defined the strongest 10 indicators out of 98 indicators of sub-pillars; among these there are categories where Georgia has not progressed during 2011-2019. These are: Human resources and research, knowledge and technology and creative outputs. However, it has to be mentioned that the following sub-pillars are considered as the weakness of Georgia and consequently have a lower rating: ecological sustainability (score 91), knowledge diffusion (score 86), knowledge workers (score 81), trade, competition and market scale (score 79), knowledge absorbation (78), research and development (75) (Cornell University, INSEAD, and WIPO, 2019: 258). According to Global Competitiveness Index and similar to Global Innovation Index the position of Georgia during 2009-2018 has significantly improved. In comparison to 2009, Georgia went up 24 positions. The data show that the group of innovation capability is the greatest challenge for achieving a high score on a global scale. Despite the fact that GII in Georgia is characterized by improving tendency during 2009-2019, the analysis of indexes confirms that the hindering factors for achieving high score on a global scale and becoming a competitive country for Georgia are: knowledge and technology, research and development, creativity and innovation capabilities; this reconfirms that the development of science, technology and innovation remains one of the major challenges for Georgia.

scholarly journals Methodological approaches to estimating the efficiency and effectiveness of research activities: world practice

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (3) ◽  
pp. 20-40
Author(s):  
Kateryna KLYMENKO ◽  
◽  
Maksym SAVOSTIANENKO ◽  
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Research Infrastructure ◽  
Ministry Of Education ◽  
Global Competitiveness ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Global Innovation ◽  
Research Infrastructures ◽  
Global Competitiveness Index ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Competitiveness Index

The article discusses methodological approaches to assessing the effectiveness and efficiency of research activities used in world practice, in particular, such OECD standards as Oslo Manual, Frascati Manual, Using Patent Data as Science and Technology Indikators – Patent Manual, The Measurement of Human Resources Devoted to S&T – Canberra Manual and Guide for the Measurement and Interpretation of Balance of Payments Data, Hong Kong Principles etc. The assessment of the scientific sphere in international comparisons is given according to the following world rankings: The Global Innovation Index (GII, Global Innovation Index), the Global Competitiveness Index (GCІ, The Global Competitiveness Index) and the European Innovation Scoreboard (EIS, European Innovation Scoreboard). To compare world practice, the article presents the indicators used in Ukraine for grouping statistical data on scientific activity, which are covered by the State Statistics Service and the Ministry of Education and Science. The article emphasizes the importance of adopting the Concept of the State Program for the Development of Research Infrastructures in Ukraine until 2026, proposed by the Ministry of Education and Science. The adoption of such a Concept is extremely important, as its implementation will contribute to the effective and balanced development of research infrastructures and will ensure the functioning of the research infrastructure system at the appropriate level. Scientists will be provided with access to a competitive research infrastructure and motivated to engage in high-level scientific and scientific-technical activities. The effectiveness of the Concept implementation measures will be ensured by optimizing logistical, financial and labor costs aimed at improving the quality of Ukrainian research infrastructures.

scholarly journals Freight Transport Service on International Trade with Its Implication for Global Competitiveness

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-39
Author(s):  
Eyakem Fikru
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Longitudinal Research ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Freight Transport ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Fiscal Year ◽  
Maximum Efficiency ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Transport Service ◽  
Global Competitiveness

 Freight transportation is the process of conveying different types of goods from one point to another using a variety of transport modes. The main objective of this study was to assess the fright transport service on international trade with its implications for global competitiveness. A descriptive followed by a longitudinal research design was used. Secondary data were collected from international organizations policy, standards documents, and annual reports for the year 2007-2018 by using the two indexing systems. Moreover, a quantitative research approach had been used. The data were entered, manipulated, organized, and analyzed using Excel and SPSS. Both descriptive and inferential analyses were used to examine the extent of fright transport service and its implications on global competitiveness and the interrelationship between international trade and freight transport service with its implication on global competitiveness. According to the result, European countries highly dominated the top 10 world rank logistic performance. Therefore, these countries were devoted to providing maximum efficiency and commitments on the Six Logistics Performance Index (LPI) as well as 12 pillars of GCI pillars than the others. Besides both, LPI and GCI were linearly associated with each other except for the 2016 fiscal year. This improved that tread and logistic services had an association.

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