Visual Images of Mission as Propaganda: The Irish Church Missions in Nineteenth-Century Ireland

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-139
Author(s):  
Jonathan Cherry
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Visual Images ◽  
Imaginative Geographies ◽  
Roman Catholics

The Society for Irish Church Missions to Roman Catholics (ICM) in Ireland during the nineteenth century has been relatively neglected in discussions regarding the promotion of missionary organizations. Through an examination of six drawings commissioned by the ICM in the late 1850s and an accompanying guidebook, the imaginative geographies of mission in Ireland are explored. This investigation uncovers the missionaries’ attempts to convert Roman Catholics to Protestantism, the challenges faced, and accounts of their achievements. Through constructing particular imaginative geographies among the mission’s English supporters, the most significant British missionary society in nineteenth-century Ireland sustained itself through turbulent years.

scholarly journals Portraying Blindness: Nineteenth-Century Images of Tactile Reading

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather Tilley
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Education And Training ◽  
Visual Images ◽  
Blind People ◽  
Culture Theory ◽  
And Training

In this article, I examine images of blind people in nineteenth-century Europe and America, and question the ways in which shifting sensory hierarchies constituted the representation of blindness in this period. I focus particularly on images of blind people reading by touch, an activity that became a public symbol of the various initiatives and advancements in education and training that were celebrated by both blind and sighted spokespeople. My discussion is structured around institutionally- and individually-commissioned portraits and I distinguish between the different agendas shaping representations of blind people. These include instances where blind people's achievements are problematically displayed for sighted benefactors; as well as examples of blind people determining the compositional form and modes of circulation of their likenesses thus altering "key directions in figurative possibilities" (Snyder 173). Moreover, the portraits I consider demonstrate the multisensory status of images, alerting us to a nineteenth-century aesthetic that was shaped by touch as well as vision. I draw on sensory culture theory to argue that attending to the experience and representation of the haptic in the circulation of visual images of blind people signals a participatory beholding, via which blindness is creatively – rather than critically – engaged.

A Phase of the Struggle for Catholic Education: Manchester and Salford in the Mid-Nineteenth Century

1996 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominic Savio Hamer
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Elementary Education ◽  
Catholic Education ◽  
National Education ◽  
National System ◽  
Comprehensive View ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Educational Debate ◽  
Historical Journal ◽  
Roman Catholics

Writing in theCambridge Historical Journalin 1956, G.F.A. Best introduced his article on the religious difficulties of national education in England from 1800 to 1870 with the comment ‘the peculiar problems and difficulties in the way of achieving a national system of elementary education in nineteenth-century England [had] long been so obvious and notorious that a new attempt at an objective and comprehensive view must seem surprising and rash.’ He then justified his own article on the grounds that none of the works available did the subject justice because none told the whole story. In giving only fleeting mention to the educational claims of Roman Catholics, however, even Best omitted an essential of the great educational debate that was waged over England for much of the nineteenth century and that in its earlier phases found some of its more powerful voices in Manchester.

scholarly journals Manning's Ultramontanism and the Catholic Church in British Politics

1989 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 332-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey P. von Arx
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Catholic Church ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Church History ◽  
British Politics ◽  
Roman Catholicism ◽  
Papal States ◽  
Italian Unification ◽  
Roman Catholics ◽  
The Church

After his conversion to Roman Catholicism, the first major controversy in which Henry Edward Manning found himself involved as a member of his new church concerned the Roman Question, or the Temporal Power; that is, the political status and future of the Papal States. Now the question of the temporal power of the pope, and the amount of controversy it engendered, is one of those issues in nineteenth century church history whose significance it is difficult for us to understand. By the mid-nineteenth century, especially in relation to the movement for Italian unification, the temporal power of the popes looks to us like an historical anachronism. To Roman Catholics today, it is obvious that the ability of the church to preach the gospel has been enhanced and its mission in the world correspondingly facilitated by being disembarrassed of the burden of political control in central Italy. How to explain, then, the tremendous controversy the Roman Question aroused over so long a period in the second half of the nineteenth century, and the conviction, especially of the papacy's defenders, that the preservation of the Papal States was critical for the survival, not only of religion, but, as we shall see, of civilization in the West?

W. G. Ward and Liberal Catholicism

1972 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 323-344
Author(s):  
K. Theodore Hoppen
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Small Group ◽  
Religious Knowledge ◽  
Roman Catholics ◽  
Liberal Position

Victorian religious thinkers were peculiarly concerned with the problem of discovering the origins of religious knowledge and with analysing the correct relationship between that knowledge and contemporary scientific and philosophical developments. Among others, the small group of mid-nineteenth century English Roman Catholics was much given to discussion on the matter. Apart from Acton, the outstanding men concerned—Newman, Manning, Richard Simpson, and William George Ward—were converts from Anglicanism. Considerable attention has been devoted to those who, as Roman Catholics, adopted what is generally (if inaccurately) labelled a ‘liberal’ position.

scholarly journals La fotografía como estandarte de la verdad y el progreso: estudio sobre la iconografía fotográfica en la medallística (1880-1920)

2013 ◽  
pp. 123-142
Author(s):  
Jorge L. Crespo Armáiz
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Developmental Stage ◽  
Visual Arts ◽  
European Society ◽  
Visual Images ◽  
Profound Change ◽  
Absolute Truth ◽  
Cultural Expressions ◽  
Siglo Xix

Resumen:Desde el momento de su creación a mediados del siglo XIX, la invención fotográfica representó un cambio profundo en la mentalidad de la sociedad decimonónica en lo relativo a su impacto en la reproducción y diseminación de las imágenes visuales. Durante las primeras décadas siguientes a su invención, los entusiastas de la fotografía propulsaron un discurso de superioridad mimética de la misma por sobre las artes visuales tradicionales, sobre la base de la supuesta objetividad absoluta de su registro óptico-químico. La fuerza de esta mentalidad discursiva del nuevo paradigma visual se reflejó en la literatura y demás expresiones culturales, incluyendo las propias artes plásticas. A través de un análisis iconográfico de un conjunto de medallas del período se pueden identificar los signos, códigos y discursos relativos a la fotografía como reflejo de las mentalidades positivistas imperantes de la época.Abstract:Since its invention in the first half of the nineteenth century, photography represented a profound change in the mentality of European society regarding its impact in the reproduction and dissemination of visual images. During its initial developmental stage, fanatics of the new medium gave impulse to a discourse of mimetic superiority of photography over traditional visual arts, based upon the alleged absolute objectivity of its optical-chemical registry. This discursive mentality reflected its influence in literature, as well as in other cultural expressions, including the visual arts. Through the implementation of an iconographic analysis of a sample of award and commemorative medals of this period, this article looks to identify those signs, codes and discourses related to photography as symbol of progress and absolute truth within the positivism paradigm.Keywords: Photography; iconography; medallic art; visual images; mentalities

Re-Visioning the Past and Re-Sourcing the Future: The Unresolved Historiographical Struggle in Roman Catholic Scholarship and Authoritative Teaching

2013 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 389-416
Author(s):  
Kenneth L. Parker
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Roman Catholic ◽  
Historical Consciousness ◽  
Unresolved Problem ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Future ◽  
Historical Theology ◽  
Roman Catholics ◽  
Catholic Theological

During twenty years of teaching at a Jesuit university in an ecumenical Ph.D. programme focused on historical theology, I have observed a profound unresolved problem in Roman Catholic theological scholarship. Framed very simply, it is this: since the rise of historical consciousness among Roman Catholics during the nineteenth century, conflicting historiographical assumptions about the Christian past have led to tensions and divisions among Roman Catholic scholars and church authorities. My purpose here is to diagnose this unresolved challenge and propose a mode of analysis for intra-ecclesial dialogue.

The Canonisation of the Forty English Martyrs: An Ecumenical Dilemma

2011 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 573-587 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Atherstone
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Thomas More ◽  
Charles Ii ◽  
Roman Catholics ◽  
Second World ◽  
Popish Plot

In October 1970, amidst jubilant celebrations at St Peter's in Rome, Pope Paul VI canonised forty English and Welsh martyrs as saints. Auberon Waugh called it ‘the biggest moment for English Catholicism since Catholic emancipation in 1829’. It marked the culmination of a long campaign which had begun in earnest in the mid-nineteenth century under Cardinals Wiseman and Manning, shortly after the restoration of the Catholic hierarchy. By 1935 nearly two hundred Reformation martyrs had been beatified, but only two of these had been canonised, John Fisher and Thomas More—the first Englishmen to be made saints since John of Bridlington in 1401. After the hiatus of the Second World War, the cause was revived in 1960 seeking the canonisation of another forty English martyrs. All were Roman Catholics executed under the Tudor and Stuart monarchs or the Puritan Commonwealth, ranging from Carthusian monks who fell foul in 1535 of Henry VIII's Act of Supremacy, to seminary priests who were caught up in the ‘Popish Plot’ against Charles II in 1679. All but six of the forty had been hung, drawn and quartered, many of them on the gallows at Tyburn.

scholarly journals Mujer y moda a finales del siglo XIX: estrategias publicitarias enfocadas hacia el consumo de la moda para el desarrollo capitalista de España / Women and Fashion at the end of Nineteenth Century: Marketing Strategies for Fashion Consumption to Encourage the Development of Capitalism in Spain

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Bello-Bravo
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Single Women ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Marketing Strategies ◽  
Visual Images ◽  
Capitalist Development ◽  
Women's Participation ◽  
The Media ◽  
Marketing Tool ◽  
Siglo Xix

ABSTRACTAt the end of the nineteenth century and at the beginning of the twenty-century, the media was the best marketing tool to acknowledge the importance of fashion for women. Some magazines targeted adult female audiences to inform them about fashion with the ultimate goal of encouraging women’s participation and consumption. A good example appeared in the magazine “La Mujer” where parallel and contradictories discourses existed regarding the effects that fashion produces in women and society. The media expressed the importance of fashion for women especially beauty but at the same time it justified that women’s beauty should be pursued only to please the husband in the case of married women or to find a husband in the case of single women. The media used marketing strategies such as visual images, fashion designs, pictures, etc., to construct a new female model more in keeping with modernity. Fashion publicity in the media allowed women to acquire a sense of participation in the context of modernity and urban settings where the consumption of fashion took place. Additionally, fashion facilitated the capitalist development of the countryRESUMENEn el último tercio del siglo XIX y comienzos del XX, la prensa se constituyó en el medio más eficaz de difusión y conocimiento de la moda. Las revistas dirigidas a la mujer se encargaron de divulgar la moda con el fin de orientar su participación en el consumo de la misma. Un buen ejemplo de ello nos lo ofrece la revista La mujer donde coexisten discursos paralelos y contradictorios sobre los efectos que la moda ocasiona en la mujer y en la sociedad. La prensa destacó la importancia que la moda ejercía en la belleza de la mujer y al mismo tiempo se encargó de tranquilizar al patriarcado justificando que la belleza de la mujer debía ser exclusivamente para agradar al marido. Los recursos publicitarios; grabados, anuncios, figurines, láminas, etc., que utiliza la prensa de esta época, sirven para la construcción de un nuevo modelo de feminidad más acorde con determinados aspectos de la modernización. La publicidad sirve como aliciente para que la mujer burguesa adquiera mayor protagonismo en la concepción de lo moderno y dentro del contexto urbano que es donde se desarrolla el consumo de la moda.

A Noisy and Noisome Marketplace: The Jewish Tandelmarkt in Prague

AJS Review ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (01) ◽  
pp. 105-123
Author(s):  
Michael L. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Visual Images ◽  
The Face ◽  
Eighteenth And Nineteenth Centuries

The Jewish Tandelmarkt in Prague's Old Town was a nonresidential Jewish exclave, situated outside of Prague's Jewish Town. This thriving marketplace afforded Jewish merchants and peddlers an opportunity to ply their wares in the Old Town, but it also left them unprotected in the face of physical and verbal attacks. This article examines memoirs, travelogues, guidebooks, newspapers, novels, and visual images to understand how the Tandelmarkt (junk market) functioned in various discourses about Prague Jewry, especially in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Jews were vulnerable and exposed in the Tandelmarkt, but the centrality and visibility of this marketplace also allowed non-Jews to observe their “exotic” Jewish neighbors. A nineteenth-century novelist described the Tandelmarkt as a “theater” where passersby could “lose themselves” for half an hour in its disarray and commotion. At times it was a theater of violence, where Jews fell victim to attack. It was also a theater of emancipation, where Jews could show their Christian neighbors that they were capable of self-improvement and change.

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