scholarly journals La fotografía como estandarte de la verdad y el progreso: estudio sobre la iconografía fotográfica en la medallística (1880-1920)

2013 ◽  
pp. 123-142
Author(s):  
Jorge L. Crespo Armáiz
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Developmental Stage ◽  
Visual Arts ◽  
European Society ◽  
Visual Images ◽  
Profound Change ◽  
Absolute Truth ◽  
Cultural Expressions ◽  
Siglo Xix

Resumen:Desde el momento de su creación a mediados del siglo XIX, la invención fotográfica representó un cambio profundo en la mentalidad de la sociedad decimonónica en lo relativo a su impacto en la reproducción y diseminación de las imágenes visuales. Durante las primeras décadas siguientes a su invención, los entusiastas de la fotografía propulsaron un discurso de superioridad mimética de la misma por sobre las artes visuales tradicionales, sobre la base de la supuesta objetividad absoluta de su registro óptico-químico. La fuerza de esta mentalidad discursiva del nuevo paradigma visual se reflejó en la literatura y demás expresiones culturales, incluyendo las propias artes plásticas. A través de un análisis iconográfico de un conjunto de medallas del período se pueden identificar los signos, códigos y discursos relativos a la fotografía como reflejo de las mentalidades positivistas imperantes de la época.Abstract:Since its invention in the first half of the nineteenth century, photography represented a profound change in the mentality of European society regarding its impact in the reproduction and dissemination of visual images. During its initial developmental stage, fanatics of the new medium gave impulse to a discourse of mimetic superiority of photography over traditional visual arts, based upon the alleged absolute objectivity of its optical-chemical registry. This discursive mentality reflected its influence in literature, as well as in other cultural expressions, including the visual arts. Through the implementation of an iconographic analysis of a sample of award and commemorative medals of this period, this article looks to identify those signs, codes and discourses related to photography as symbol of progress and absolute truth within the positivism paradigm.Keywords: Photography; iconography; medallic art; visual images; mentalities

scholarly journals Mujer y moda a finales del siglo XIX: estrategias publicitarias enfocadas hacia el consumo de la moda para el desarrollo capitalista de España / Women and Fashion at the end of Nineteenth Century: Marketing Strategies for Fashion Consumption to Encourage the Development of Capitalism in Spain

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Bello-Bravo
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Single Women ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Marketing Strategies ◽  
Visual Images ◽  
Capitalist Development ◽  
Women's Participation ◽  
The Media ◽  
Marketing Tool ◽  
Siglo Xix

ABSTRACTAt the end of the nineteenth century and at the beginning of the twenty-century, the media was the best marketing tool to acknowledge the importance of fashion for women. Some magazines targeted adult female audiences to inform them about fashion with the ultimate goal of encouraging women’s participation and consumption. A good example appeared in the magazine “La Mujer” where parallel and contradictories discourses existed regarding the effects that fashion produces in women and society. The media expressed the importance of fashion for women especially beauty but at the same time it justified that women’s beauty should be pursued only to please the husband in the case of married women or to find a husband in the case of single women. The media used marketing strategies such as visual images, fashion designs, pictures, etc., to construct a new female model more in keeping with modernity. Fashion publicity in the media allowed women to acquire a sense of participation in the context of modernity and urban settings where the consumption of fashion took place. Additionally, fashion facilitated the capitalist development of the countryRESUMENEn el último tercio del siglo XIX y comienzos del XX, la prensa se constituyó en el medio más eficaz de difusión y conocimiento de la moda. Las revistas dirigidas a la mujer se encargaron de divulgar la moda con el fin de orientar su participación en el consumo de la misma. Un buen ejemplo de ello nos lo ofrece la revista La mujer donde coexisten discursos paralelos y contradictorios sobre los efectos que la moda ocasiona en la mujer y en la sociedad. La prensa destacó la importancia que la moda ejercía en la belleza de la mujer y al mismo tiempo se encargó de tranquilizar al patriarcado justificando que la belleza de la mujer debía ser exclusivamente para agradar al marido. Los recursos publicitarios; grabados, anuncios, figurines, láminas, etc., que utiliza la prensa de esta época, sirven para la construcción de un nuevo modelo de feminidad más acorde con determinados aspectos de la modernización. La publicidad sirve como aliciente para que la mujer burguesa adquiera mayor protagonismo en la concepción de lo moderno y dentro del contexto urbano que es donde se desarrolla el consumo de la moda.

Capital californiano, necesidad presupuestal y cambio político: Juan Temple y el arrendamiento de la Casa de Moneda de México, 1827–1857

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 327-351
Author(s):  
Omar Velasco Herrera
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Mexico City ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
The Political ◽  
Las Casas ◽  
Siglo Xix ◽  
The Government

Durante la primera mitad del siglo xix, las necesidades presupuestales del erario mexicano obligaron al gobierno a recurrir al endeudamiento y al arrendamiento de algunas de las casas de moneda más importantes del país. Este artículo examina las condiciones políticas y económicas que hicieron posible el relevo del capital británico por el estadounidense—en estricto sentido, californiano—como arrendatario de la Casa de Moneda de México en 1857. Asimismo, explora el desarrollo empresarial de Juan Temple para explicar la coyuntura política que hizo posible su llegada, y la de sus descendientes, a la administración de la ceca de la capital mexicana. During the first half of the nineteenth century, the budgetary needs of the Mexican treasury forced the government to resort to borrowing and leasing some of the most important mints in the country. This article examines the political and economic conditions that allowed for the replacement of British capital by United States capital—specifically, Californian—as the lessee of the Mexican National Mint in 1857. It also explores the development of Juan Temple’s entrepreneurship to explain the political circumstances that facilitated his admission, and that of his descendants, into the administration of the National Mint in Mexico City.

Flat Style: Things Fall Apart and Its Illustrations

PMLA ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 131 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Hyde
Keyword(s):  
Visual Arts ◽  
Visual Image ◽  
Visual Images ◽  
Early Publication ◽  
Literary Representation ◽  
Realist Novel ◽  
Anglophone Literature ◽  
Publication History ◽  
Things Fall Apart

In the early 1960s two editions of Chinua Achebe's Things Fall Apart were published with competing sets of illustrations. The first, by Dennis Carabine, illustrates a realist novel, the second, by Uche Okeke, a modernist one. Reading Achebe's iconic novel through its early publication history and for its visual images shows how the famous ending of Things Fall Apart turns, stylistically, to the impenetrable flatness of the modernist surface. At mid-century, modernist style could be made to serve realist imperatives, and Achebe's flat style challenges colonial modes of literary representation and the myth of modernist primitivism in the visual arts. This essay stresses the importance of the visual image to mid-century anglophone literature and the importance of modernist style to the poetics of decolonization.

Discurso méédico, cultura higiéénica y la mujer en la ciudad de Mééxico al cambio de siglo (XIX ––XX)

2002 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Agostoni
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Medical Profession ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
The Future ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Siglo Xix ◽  
Las Mujeres

This article explores why alongside sanitary legislation and public health works, Mexican physicians of the late nineteenth century attempted to transform the habits, customs and day to day activities of the population. It stresses the importance that the teaching of the principles of private and public hygiene had for the future of the country, how this education was to be carried out, and why some members of the medical profession believed that the hygienic education of mothers/women was an unavoidable requirement for the progress of the nation. Este artíículo analiza por quéé durante las déécadas finales del siglo diecinueve, el gremio méédico mexicano consideraba que era absolutamente indispensable que los habitantes del paíís, y en particular las mujeres de la capital, contaran con una cultura de la higiene. No sóólo era fundamental sanear y ordenar a la ciudad de Mééxico mediante obras de infraestructura sanitaria, y emitir leyes que regularan la salubridad de la nacióón, sino que era igualmente importante, y quizáás máás urgente, que los habitantes transformaran sus háábitos y costumbres de acuerdo con lo establecido por la higiene púública y privada. Asimismo, el artíículo examina los méétodos mediante los cuales se procuróó crear una cultura de la higiene, y por quéé la madre de familia fue considerada como una aliada imprescindible para la empresa de los higienistas.

scholarly journals Portraying Blindness: Nineteenth-Century Images of Tactile Reading

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather Tilley
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Education And Training ◽  
Visual Images ◽  
Blind People ◽  
Culture Theory ◽  
And Training

In this article, I examine images of blind people in nineteenth-century Europe and America, and question the ways in which shifting sensory hierarchies constituted the representation of blindness in this period. I focus particularly on images of blind people reading by touch, an activity that became a public symbol of the various initiatives and advancements in education and training that were celebrated by both blind and sighted spokespeople. My discussion is structured around institutionally- and individually-commissioned portraits and I distinguish between the different agendas shaping representations of blind people. These include instances where blind people's achievements are problematically displayed for sighted benefactors; as well as examples of blind people determining the compositional form and modes of circulation of their likenesses thus altering "key directions in figurative possibilities" (Snyder 173). Moreover, the portraits I consider demonstrate the multisensory status of images, alerting us to a nineteenth-century aesthetic that was shaped by touch as well as vision. I draw on sensory culture theory to argue that attending to the experience and representation of the haptic in the circulation of visual images of blind people signals a participatory beholding, via which blindness is creatively – rather than critically – engaged.

scholarly journals Retos Historiográficos En La Historia De Los Pueblos De Indios De La Región Minera Pachuca-Real Del Monte

Xihmai ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (24) ◽  
Author(s):  
Verenice Cipatli Ramí­rez Calva [1]
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Present State ◽  
History Of ◽  
Indigenous Participation ◽  
Mining Centers ◽  
Siglo Xix

ResumenEn este artí­culo se efectúa un balance historiográfico acerca de los estudios de corte diacrónico que tratan la zona de Pachuca y Real del Monte en el actual estado de Hidalgo. Encontramos que uno de los principales temas analizados por los estudiosos es el de la minerí­a, y la temporalidad que abarcan dichas investigaciones en su mayorí­a se concentra en el siglo XIX; los especialistas han dejado de lado la historia virreinal de la región en temas anexos a la minerí­a, aunque no exclusivamente mineros, como la participación indí­gena en el abasto de los centros mineros y la presencia de población afrodescendiente, por mencionar algunos temas. Se propone la ampliación del alcance de las investigaciones a asuntos no explorados en la región como el comercio y abasto doméstico de los trabajadores ligados a la mina.Palabras clave: Historiografí­a, Pachuca-Real del Monte, Comercio indí­gena. AbstractIn this article a historiographical balance is made on the studies of diachronic cut that treat the area of Pachuca and Real del Monte, in the present state of Hidalgo. We find that one of the main topics analyzed by the scholars is mining, and the temporality that these investigations cover mostly is concentrated in the nineteenth century, but has left aside the viceroyal history of the region in issues attached to the Mining, but not exclusively mining, such as indigenous participation in the supply of mining centers and the presence of Afro-descendant population, to mention some issues. It is proposed to extend the scope of the investigations to issues not explored in the region, such as the trade and domestic supply of workers linked to the mine.Key words: Historiography, Pachuca-Real del Monte, Indigenous trade. [1] Licenciada en Etnohistoria, maestra y doctora en Antropologí­a Social; Profesora Investigadora de la Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo.

scholarly journals De esclavos a ciudadanos y malentretenidos. Representaciones del negro en el discurso jurídico colombiano del siglo XIX

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 271-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martha Isabel Rosas Guevara
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Black People ◽  
Legal Discourse ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
Local Elites ◽  
National Community ◽  
Legal Texts ◽  
Siglo Xix

Mediante una narrativa historiográfica elaborada a partir de textos legales, el presente documento pretende interpretar las ausencias y presencias del negro en el discurso jurídico decimonónico producido una vez obtenida la independencia de España en los albores del siglo XIX. Teniendo en cuenta que la imaginación del Estado republicano representó un desafío para las elites criollas, las cuales —pese a predicar retóricamente la consolidación de una comunidad nacional basada en la igualdad y la democracia— construyeron una idea de Nación sobre los basamentos ideológicos coloniales, perpetuados en la repulsión elitista hacia la masa o plebe, lo que a la postre produjo su exclusión de la promisoria modernidad.  From Slaves to Citizens and Vagabonds. Representations of Blackness in the Colombian Legal Discourse during the 19th CenturyAbstractThrough a historiographical narrative drawn from legal texts, this paper aims to interpret the absence and presence of black people in the nineteenth-century legal discourse produced once the independence of Spain was obtained in the early nineteenth century. Considering that the imagination of a State Republican represented a challenge for the local elites, —which despite of  preaching rhetorically the consolidation of a national community based on the equality and the democracy— constructed an idea of Nation on the ideological colonial basements perpetuated in the elitist repulsion towards the mass or populace, which at last produced his exclusion of the promissory modernity.   Keywords: slaves, Independence, citizenship, assimilation, exclusion

Republican Remedies

2021 ◽  
pp. 39-56
Author(s):  
Stephen Skowronek ◽  
John A. Dearborn ◽  
Desmond King
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Collective Responsibility ◽  
Executive Branch ◽  
Working Relationships ◽  
Profound Change ◽  
Depth Separation ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Constitutional System

Since its founding of the republic, Americans have devised a variety of different ways to reconcile unity with depth, separation with checks, and presidentialism with republicanism. This chapter surveys the succession of informal institutional and organizational improvisations that periodically altered practical working relationships within the American constitutional system. These extra-constitutional contrivances created several distinctive “systems” of administration, each of which preserved the republican idea of inter-branch collaboration. Nineteenth-century remedies were party-based; twentieth-century remedies were administration-based. The move from one system to the next marked a profound change in the operation of government at large, but at every turn, a more powerful presidency was corralled into novel arrangements that reaffirmed collective responsibility. The origins of our beleaguered republic lay in the 1970s, when that spirit of accommodation began to break down. Presidents grew more independent in their political and institutional powers, and they asserted their right to unitary control over the executive branch more vigorously. In the congressional pushback, collaboration gave way to a constitutional face-off.

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