scholarly journals The magnitude of prescribing medicines by brand names at Muhimbili National Hospital, Tanzania

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 239920261990014
Author(s):  
Ombeni Kisamo ◽  
Manase Kilonzi ◽  
Wigilya P Mikomangwa ◽  
George M Bwire ◽  
Hamu J Mlyuka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Guidelines ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Brand Names ◽  
World Health ◽  
P Value ◽  
Muhimbili National Hospital ◽  
Prescribing Practices ◽  
National Hospital ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: Tanzania National Treatment Guidelines and National Therapeutic Committee circular of 2012 requires prescribers to prescribe medicines using their generic names as recommended by the World Health Organization. The implementation of the aforementioned recommendations by prescribers is not well documented in our settings. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the compliance on the use of generic names by prescribers at Muhimbili National Hospital. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at Muhimbili National Hospital from January to May 2019 in both inpatient and outpatient pharmacy units. Data were analyzed using SPSS, version 23. Chi-square test was used to analyze proportions between the different variables of the study. A p-value for significance was <0.05. Results: Of 1001 prescriptions analyzed, 71.6% contained medicines prescribed using brand names. The mean (±standard deviation (SD)) number of medicines per prescription was 2.98 (±1.5). The most frequently prescribed medicines by brand names were a combination of vitamin and mineral supplements (34.4%) followed by antibiotics (26.7%). Medical doctors (25.6%) and medical specialists (21.6%) prescribed ⩾2 medicines using brand names per prescription compared to interns (15.0%) and residents (6.9%) ( p < 0.001). Conclusion: Prescribing medicines using brand names was highly observed in this study. Supplements and antibiotics were among the products that were highly prescribed using their brand names. Qualitative studies to explore reasons for brand name prescribing practices are recommended.

Hubungan Komunikasi Terapeutik Perawat dan Fasilitas dengan Kepuasan Pasien Rawat Inap di Rumah Sakit Umum Cut Meutia Kota Langsa Tahun 2019

2020 ◽  
pp. 21-29
Author(s):  
Bambang Irawan ◽  
Erizal
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organisation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
World Health ◽  
P Value ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional

Badan kesehatan dunia yaitu World Health Organisation (WHO) berupaya agar pelayanan kesehatan di dunia ini dapat memberikan suatu sistem pelayanan yang baik untuk meningkatkan derajat kesehatan masyarakat diberbagai belahan dunia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan komunikasi terapeutik perawat dan fasilitas dengan kepuasan pasien rawat inap di Rumah Sakit Umum Cut Meutia Kota Langsa tahun 2019. Penelitian ini bersifat analitik dengan desain penelitian cross sectional study. Sampel dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 84 responden yang merupakan pasien rawat inap. Data dianalisa secara univarat dan bivariat menggunakan uji Chi square. Hasil penelitian diperoleh ada hubungan komunikasi terapeutik perawat dengan kepuasan pasien rawat inap di Rumah Sakit Umum Cut Meutia Kota Langsa tahun 2019 dengan nilai p-value (0,007) dan ada hubungan fasilitas dengan kepuasan pasien rawat inap di Rumah Sakit Umum Cut Meutia Kota Langsa tahun 2019 dengan nilai p-value (0,030).

scholarly journals A COMPARATIVE, QUESTIONNAIRE BASED CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY ON SELF MEDICATION PRACTICE AMONG MEDICAL AND PARAMEDICAL STUDENTS

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Prescription Drugs ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Brand Names ◽  
World Health ◽  
P Value ◽  
Duration Of Treatment ◽  
Self Medication ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Health Organization

Background: According to World Health Organization (WHO), self medication is use of medicines to treat self recognized symptoms, or use of a prescribed medicine for chronic symptoms. It is associated with use of prescription drugs, alternative medicines and over the counter drugs (OTC). Methods: This was a prospective, observational, questionnaire based study where two groups of students were interviewed with a prevalidated questionnaire. The first group comprised of students from MBBS while the second group consisted of students of paramedical courses namely physiotherapy, operation theatre technicians and lab technicians. Results: A total of 200 students with an average age 19.62±0.65 years participated in the study. Among these students, 100 were medical students. All the students had practiced self medication however, only 51.00% agreed with the concept of self-medication. Considering the significant „p‟ value to be <0.05 there was a significant difference among the 2 groups with respect to awareness of generic and brand names of the drugs and importance of completing the course of treatment. 51.00% of medical and 29.00% paramedical students were aware about generic and brand names of drugs while knowledge about importance of completing course of treatment was present in 62% medical and 42% paramedical students. (p value<0.05). Also, there was no significant difference regarding the knowledge about the content, dose, duration of treatment and frequency of drug administration among the two groups. Conclusion: The present study shows a high prevalence of selfmedication among medical and paramedical students of the institution. The knowledge about self-medication was encouraging among the students of both the groups. Keywords: Self medication, student, knowledge

scholarly journals Socio-demographic correlate of knowledge and practice toward novel coronavirus among people living in Mosul-Iraq: A cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Balsam Qubais ◽  
Rula mudhafar Al-Shahrabi ◽  
Obasanjo Afolabi Bolarinwa
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
World Health ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Knowledge And Practice ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Background: Since the World Health Organization (WHO) announced that the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) is a worldwide pandemic, as the Iraqi authorities have started responding and taking action to control the spread of the pandemic. The knowledge and practices of the public play an important role in curbing the spreading of the virus by following the health guidelines. This study aimed to assess the socio-demographic correlate of knowledge and practices of Iraqi living in Mosul-Iraq towards novel coronavirus during its rapid rise. Methods: A cross-sectional online survey of 909 participants was conducted among Mosul-Iraq between 20th June to 1st July 2020. The survey included three parts: 1) socio-demographic characteristics, 2) participants' knowledge, 3) participants' practices. T-test, ANOVA, chi-square, and binary logistic regression were used. A p-value less than 0.05 (p < 0.05) was considered statistically significant. Results: The results showed knowledge and practice mean score of (12.91\1.67) and (21.56\2.92) with cumulative knowledge and practice of 86% and 76% respectively towards 2019-nCoV. Socio-demographic characteristics such as age, marital status, gender, level of education and employment were statistically related with a higher mean score of knowledge and practice towards the virus as P<0.05. Conclusions: We concluded that the majority of the respondents demonstrate a high level of knowledge and practices towards 2019-nCoV except respondents with socio-demographic characteristics such as those who were younger, male respondents, those with lower education and those unemployed as such campaigns that will increase the knowledge and encourage adequate preventive practice towards 2019-nCoV should be targeted towards this group.

scholarly journals Hubungan Durasi Penggunaan Smartphone Terhadap Perkembangan Psikologis Sosial Anak Usia 06-08 Tahun Di SDN 01 Poasia Kecamatan Poasia Kota Kendari

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-35
Author(s):  
Anisa Purnamasari ◽  
Lisnawati ◽  
Sari Arie Lestari ◽  
Sitti Masriwati ◽  
Nazaruddin
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
World Health ◽  
P Value ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Organization

Penggunaan smarthphone di Indonesia menunjukkan angka yang semakin meningkat, data yang diperoleh dari Portal Techin Asia sampai dengan saat ini sudah mencapai 15 juta lebih pengguna smarthphone. Hasil survey yang dilakukan menunjukkan bahwa penduduk Indonesia terutama anak usia dini menjadi pengguna utama smarthphone. World Health Organization melaporkan bahwa 5-25% dari anak-anak usia sekolah menderita gangguan perkembangan. Sekitar 8-9% anak usia sekolah mengalami masalah psikososial khususnya masalah social emosional seperti kecemasan, sulit beradaptasi, bersosialisasi, susah berpisah dari orang tua, anak sulit diatur, dan perilaku agresif merupakan masalah yang paling sering muncul pada anak usia sekolah. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui hubungan durasi penggunaan smartphone terhadap perkembangan psikologis sosial Anak Sekolah di SDN 01 Poasia, Kecamatan Poasia, Kota Kendari. Jenis penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif dengan pendekatan Cross Sectional Study. Populasi penelitian yaitu seluruh anak yang menggunakan smartphone usia 6-8 tahun yang bersekolah di SDN 01 Poasia sebanyak  315 orang dengan jumlah sampel 64 anak. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan proportional random sampling. Analisis menggunakan Uji Chi Square. Hasil penelitian didapatkan nilai p value = 0.000 (X2 hitung = 13.012 > X2 tabel = 3.841), menunjukkan bahwa ada hubungan antara durasi penggunaan smartphone terhadap perkembangan psikologis sosial pada anak usia 06-08 tahun. Kesimpulan dalam penelitian ini yaitu ada hubungan antara durasi penggunaan smartphone terhadap perkembangan psikologis sosial anak usia 06-08 tahun di SDN 1 Poasia Kecamatan Poasia, Kota Kendari

scholarly journals Correlation between Breastfeeding Duration and Motor Development in Children

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-10
Author(s):  
Gurnal Rai Gandra Siregar ◽  
Munar Lubis ◽  
Isti Ilmiati Fujiati
Keyword(s):  
Motor Development ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
World Health ◽  
Breastfeeding Duration ◽  
Fine Motor ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Gross Motor ◽  
Motor Delay

World Health Organization (WHO) recommends to continue breastfeeding until two years of age. There are few studies assessing the correlation between breastfeeding duration and motor development. A cross-sectional study was conducted in April 2016 in Muara Batang Gadis District. The sample were children 3-6 years of age. Breastfeeding duration was obtained by interview, and motor development was assessed using Denver Developmental Screening Test II. Chi-square test was used to evaluate the correlation between breastfeeding duration and motor development, with P-value <0.05 and 95% Confidence Interval (CI). Among 204 children, 5.4% had the fine motor delay, and 1% had the gross motor delay. Children with breastfeeding duration for at least for two years had better fine motor development compared to breastfeeding duration for less than two years (P<0.001, PR=1.139, 95% CI=1.055-1.231) and there is no difference in gross motor development (P=0.193, PR=1.023, 95% CI=0.991-1.055). There is a correlation between breastfeeding duration and fine motor development.

scholarly journals Socio-demographic correlate of knowledge and practice toward COVID-19 among people living in Mosul-Iraq: A cross-sectional study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. e0249310
Author(s):  
Balsam Qubais Saeed ◽  
Rula Al-Shahrabi ◽  
Obasanjo Afolabi Bolarinwa
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
World Health ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Knowledge And Practice ◽  
Health Organization

Since the World Health Organization (WHO) announced that the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a worldwide pandemic, many countries’ authorities, including the Iraqi authorities, started responding and taking action to control the spread of the pandemic. The public’s knowledge and practices play an important role in curbing the spreading of the virus by following the health guidelines. This study aimed to assess the socio-demographic correlate of knowledge and practices of Iraqi living in Mosul-Iraq towards COVID-19 during its rapid rise. A cross-sectional online survey of 909 participants was conducted among a sample of the Mosul-Iraq population between 20th June to 1st July 2020. The survey included three parts: 1) socio-demographic characteristics, 2) participants’ knowledge, 3) participants’ practices. T-test, ANOVA, chi-square, and binary logistic regression were used. A p-value less than 0.05 (p < 0.05) was considered statistically significant. The results showed a knowledge and practice mean score of (12.91±1.67) and (21.56± 2.92) with cumulative knowledge and practice of 86% and 76% respectively towards COVID-19. Socio-demographic characteristics such as age, marital status, gender, level of education and employment were statistically related with a higher mean score of knowledge and practice towards the virus as P<0.05. We concluded that the majority of the respondents demonstrate a high level of knowledge and practices towards COVID-19 except for respondents with socio-demographic characteristics such as those who were younger, male respondents, those with lower education and those unemployed as such campaigns that will increase the knowledge and encourage adequate preventive practice towards COVID-19 should be targeted towards this group.

scholarly journals Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Pemberian Asi Ekslusif di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Guguk Panjang Bukittinggi

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-16
Author(s):  
Resty Noflidaputri
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
World Health ◽  
P Value ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Organization

Latar Belakang : World Health Organization (WHO) merekomendasikan untuk menyusui secara eksklusif dalam 6 bulan pertama dan dilanjutkan 2 tahun atau lebih tanpa menambah atau mengganti dengan makanan dan minuman lain. ASI Eksklusif terbukti dapat menurunkan Angka Kematian Bayi (AKB) serta meningkatkan status gizi bayi dan balita. Di Sumatera Barat, cakupan ASI Eksklusif pada tahun 2017 mengalami penurunan dibandingkan tahun sebelumnya yaitu dari 67,9% menjadi 65,7% dengan target 83,0%. Hal ini menunjukan bahwa ASI Eksklusif di Provinsi Sumatera Barat masih rendah. Tujuan: penelitian ini untuk mengetahui Faktor factor yang berhubungan dengan pemberian ASI Ekslusif diwilayah Kerja Puskesmasn Guguk Panjang Bukittinggi. Metode: Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional study, yang dilaksanakan pada bulan Desember 2018 sampai April 2019. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik total sampling yaitu dengan menjadi seluruh populasi menjadi sampel, sampel sebanyak 80 orang ibu yang mempunyai balita umur 7 – 12 bulan. Data dianalisa secara univariat dan bivariat menggunakan uji Chi- square. Hasil : Analisis univariat diketahui 52,5% keluarga tidak mendukung, 60% mendapatkan informasi dengan benar oleh tenaga kesehatan, 78,8% yang melakukan persalinan di fasilitas kesehatan tingkat pertama dan 60% yang memberikan ASI Eksklusif. Analisis bivariat diketahui faktor yang mempengaruhi pemberian ASI Eksklusif adalah dukungan keluarga (p value = 0,009 dan OR = 3,901), pemberian informasi oleh tenaga kesehatan (p value = 0,029 dan OR = 3,122) dan tempat bersalin (p value = 0,001 dan OR = 0,133). Kesimpulan :penelitian ini, bahwa terdapat hubungan dukungan keluarga, pemberian informasi oleh tenaga kesehatan, tempat bersalin dengan pemberian ASI Eksklusif

scholarly journals Environmental factors associated with diarrhoea among under-five children attending at Muhimbili National Hospital, Tanzania: a descriptive cross sectional study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor Aidan Mathias ◽  
Asumin Abdul Mkalagale ◽  
Margareth Thulisile Mtshengu
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hand Washing ◽  
P Value ◽  
Muhimbili National Hospital ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
National Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Under Five Children

Abstract Background: Generally, diarrhea is still a second major reason of death and illness in children below the age of five years. It holds breathes of around half a million under five children’s every year and causes million more to be admitted. Every year diarrhea kills around 525000 children of under five years.Although few study have been done in Tanzania to determine factors associated with diarrhea among under five children, but environment factors have not yet well addressed. Therefore, this study seeks to address environmental factors associated with diarrhoea among under-five children attending at Muhimbili National Hospital, in Tanzania. Methods: A quantitative descriptive cross sectional study design of 100 simple randomly participants were selected. Questionnaires were used to collect data form key informants who were mothers/ carers with a child of under-five suffering from diarrhoea admitted at Muhimbili National Hospital, Tanzania. Data were analysed using SPSS. Statistical tests used were mean, median, proportions and chi square. Environmental risk factors associated with diarrhoea were determined with a p value of less than 0.05. Ethical approval and permission to collect data were obtained from relevant authorities.Results: Unsuitable infrastructure for grey water disposal, improper hand washing before feeding the baby and hand washing without using clean water and soap had strongly association with the occurrence of diarrhoea in under-five children attending at Muhimbili National Hospital (MNH) with P-value of 0.00, 0.00, and 0.01 respectively.Conclusion: Childhood diarrhoea is contributed by various environmental risk factors including unimproved sanitation, lack of hand washing facilities and poor knowledge among caregivers. This calls for the importance of providing health education to the caregivers on the cause, prevention and treatment of diarrhoea among under-five children.

scholarly journals HUBUNGAN USIA, JENIS KELAMIN DAN INDEKS MASSA TUBUH DENGAN KADAR GULA DARAH PUASA PADA PASIEN DIABETES MELITUS TIPE 2 DI KLINIK PRATAMA RAWAT JALAN PROKLAMASI, DEPOK, JAWA BARAT

2020 ◽  
pp. 41-50
Author(s):  
K Komariah ◽  
Sri Rahayu
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Sugar ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Fasting Blood Sugar ◽  
World Health ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sugar Levels ◽  
Diabetes Melitus

Diabetes melitus biasa disebut “the silent killer” karena penyakit ini dapat menimbulkan dampak pada semua organ tubuh dan berbagai macam keluhan. Data World Health Organization (WHO) memprediksi kenaikan jumlah pasien diabetes melitus di Indonesia dari 8,43 juta jiwa pada tahun 2000 menjadi 21,257 juta jiwa pada tahun 2030. Peningkatan kejadian kasus diabetes melitus dipengaruhi berbagai faktor seperti perubahan pola gaya hidup, perubahan usia, dan kultur. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan usia, jenis kelamin dan indeks massa tubuh dengan kadar gula darah puasa pada pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian cross-sectional study. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Klinik Pratama Rawat Jalan Proklamasi, Depok, Jawa Barat dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 134 responden. Pengambilan sampel pada penelitian ini menggunakan metode purposive sampling. Analisa data menggunakan uji Chi Square. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa yang berhubungan dengan kadar gula darah puasa adalah usia (p-value=0,004). Pada variabel yang tidak memiliki hubungan dengan kadar gula darah puasa adalah jenis kelamin (p-value=0,331), dan dan indeks massa tubuh (p-value=0,502). Jadi, dapat disimpulkan bahwa usia perlu diperhatikan dalam melakukan perawatan diabetes melitus tipe 2.   Diabetes mellitus is commonly called “the silent killer” because this disease can have an impact on all organs of the body and various complaints. The World Health Organization (WHO) predicts an increase in the number of diabetes mellitus patients in Indonesia from 8.43 million in 2000 to 21.257 million in 2030. Increased incidence of diabetes mellitus cases is influenced by various factors such as changes in lifestyle patterns, age changes, and culture. This study aimed to determine the relationship of age, sex and body mass index with fasting blood sugar levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The method of this study used a cross-sectional study design. This research was conducted at the Klinik Pratama Rawat Jalan Proklamasi, Depok, West Java with a total sample of 134 respondents. Sampling in this study used a purposive sampling method. Data analysis using the Chi-Square test. The results showed that age-related blood fasting blood sugar levels (p-value=0,004). The variables that have no relationship with fasting blood sugar levels are gender (p-value=0,331) and body mass index (p-value=0,502). It can be concluded that age has to be considered in treating type 2 diabetes mellitus.

scholarly journals An Evaluation of Antibiotic Prescribing Practices in a Rural Refugee Settlement District in Uganda

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 172
Author(s):  
Matua Bonniface ◽  
Winnie Nambatya ◽  
Kalidi Rajab
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Guidelines ◽  
Inappropriate Prescribing ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Facilities ◽  
World Health ◽  
Antibiotic Prescribing ◽  
Prescribing Practices ◽  
National Treatment ◽  
Cross Sectional

Ensuring access to effective antibiotics and rational prescribing of antibiotics are critical in reducing antibiotic resistance. In this study, we evaluated antibiotic prescribing practices in a rural district in Uganda. It was a cross-sectional study that involved a retrospective review of 500 outpatient prescriptions from five health facilities. The prescriptions were systematically sampled. World Health Organization core medicine use prescribing and facility indicators were used. Percentage of encounters with one or more antibiotics prescribed was 23% (10,402/45,160). The mean number of antibiotics per prescription was 1.3 (669/500). About 27% (133/500) of the diagnoses and 42% (155/367) of the prescriptions were noncompliant with the national treatment guidelines. Prescribing antibiotics for nonbacterial infections such as malaria 32% (50/156) and noninfectious conditions such as dysmenorrhea and lumbago 15% (23/156) and nonspecific diagnosis such as respiratory tract infection 40% (59/133) were considered noncompliant with the guidelines. On average, 68% (51/75) of the antibiotics were available on the day of the visit. Inappropriate prescribing practices included excessive use of antibiotics and failure to diagnose and prescribe in compliance with treatment guidelines. There is a need to strengthen antibiotic use in the health facilities through setting up stewardship programs and interventions to promote adherence to national treatment guidelines.

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