Artificial intelligence in inflammatory bowel disease endoscopy: current landscape and the road ahead

Inflammatory bowel disease is a complex chronic inflammatory disorder with challenges in diagnosis, choosing appropriate therapy, determining individual responsiveness, and prediction of future disease course to guide appropriate management. Artificial intelligence has been examined in the field of inflammatory bowel disease endoscopy with promising data in different domains of inflammatory bowel disease, including diagnosis, assessment of mucosal activity, and prediction of recurrence and complications. Artificial intelligence use during endoscopy could be a step toward precision medicine in inflammatory bowel disease care pathways. We reviewed available data on use of artificial intelligence for diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease, grading of severity, prediction of recurrence, and dysplasia detection. We examined the potential role of artificial intelligence enhanced endoscopy in various aspects of inflammatory bowel disease care and future perspectives in this review.

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Comparison of Bacterial Composition, Concentration, and Metabolism of Short Chain Fatty Acid in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Systematic Review

Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology ◽

10.52711/0974-360x.2021.01038 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 5978-5984

Author(s):

David Nugraha ◽

Natasya Ariesta Selyardi Putri ◽

Visuddho Visuddho ◽

Citrawati Dyah Kencono Wungu

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Bowel Disease ◽

Short Chain Fatty Acid ◽

Chain Fatty Acid ◽

Short Chain ◽

Inflammatory Disorder ◽

Chronic Inflammatory Disorder ◽

Inflammatory Bowel

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which consists of Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the intestine. The etiology is heterogeneous and multifactorial, including genetic susceptibility, immune-mediated tissue damage, and changes of lumen microenvironment, especially short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) producing bacteria. Several studies reported a decrease in SCFA concentration in both CD and UC. In fact, SCFAs has important roles in accelerating disease remission. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the changes in SCFA concentration, the composition of SCFA-producing bacteria, and SCFA metabolism in IBD. A literature search was conducted via PubMed, Scopus, and CENTRAL by selecting studies according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. The quality and risk of bias assessment were performed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). Overall, 160 UC and 127 CD patients from 5 studies were reviewed. The SCFA concentration was significantly reduced (p <0.05) in both PC and UC. Moreover, there was a decrease in major SCFA-producing bacteria. Clostridium coccoides were significantly decreased in the feces of active UC (p = 0.015) and CD (p = 0.04). Clostridium leptum was decreased on intestinal mucosal biopsy of active CD and UC (p <0.0001). Faecalibacterium prausnitzii were decreased in active CD faeces (p <0.0001) and UC (p = 0.0001). Butyrate oxidation rate was also reported to decrease in UC compared to control (p<0.0001). In conclusion, the ability of major SCFA-producing bacterial production in IBD was diminished, which implies a decreased protective and anti-inflammatory effect of SCFA that altered its metabolism.

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Renal involvement in paediatric inflammatory bowel disease

Pediatric Nephrology ◽

10.1007/s00467-019-04413-5 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Mohamed Mutalib

Keyword(s):

Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽

Bowel Disease ◽

Renal Involvement ◽

Host Immune System ◽

Inflammatory Disorder ◽

Extraintestinal Manifestation ◽

Metabolic Complications ◽

Chronic Inflammatory Disorder ◽

Renal Manifestation ◽

Inflammatory Bowel

AbstractInflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis and inflammatory bowel disease unclassified, is a chronic inflammatory disorder that predominantly affects the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and has a rising incidence in both children and adults. Symptoms are caused by inappropriate inflammatory response triggered by interaction between the environment, gut microbiome and host immune system in a genetically susceptible individual. Extranintestinal manifestations of IBD are common and can affect any body system outside the gut; they can precede or run parallel to GI inflammation. Renal involvement in IBD is uncommon and can be part of extraintestinal manifestation or metabolic complications of IBD. Many medications used to treat IBD can cause renal damage. Renal manifestation in children with IBD can range from asymptomatic biochemical abnormalities to variable stages of renal impairment with significant morbidity and even mortality burden.

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Role of epithelial ion transports in inflammatory bowel disease

AJP Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpgi.00369.2015 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 310 (7) ◽

pp. G460-G476 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Diogo Magalhães ◽

José Miguel Cabral ◽

Patrício Soares-da-Silva ◽

Fernando Magro

Keyword(s):

Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽

Bowel Disease ◽

Ionic Transport ◽

Current Evidence ◽

Sodium Absorption ◽

Inflammatory Disorder ◽

Chronic Inflammatory Disorder ◽

Potassium Secretion ◽

Inflammatory Bowel

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory disorder with a complex pathogenesis. Diarrhea is a highly prevalent and often debilitating symptom of IBD patients that results, at least in part, from an intestinal hydroelectrolytic imbalance. Evidence suggests that reduced electrolyte absorption is more relevant than increased secretion to this disequilibrium. This systematic review analyses and integrates the current evidence on the roles of epithelial Na+-K+-ATPase (NKA), Na+/H+ exchangers (NHEs), epithelial Na+ channels (ENaC), and K+ channels (KC) in IBD-associated diarrhea. NKA is the key driving force of the transepithelial ionic transport and its activity is decreased in IBD. In addition, the downregulation of apical NHE and ENaC and the upregulation of apical large-conductance KC all contribute to the IBD-associated diarrhea by lowering sodium absorption and/or increasing potassium secretion.

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Effect of Cynara cardunculus L. var. altilis (DC) in Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11041629 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 1629

Author(s):

Vanessa Mateus ◽

João Estarreja ◽

Inês Silva ◽

Paulo Barracosa ◽

Edite Teixeira-Lemos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽

Bowel Disease ◽

Animal Studies ◽

Inflammatory Disorder ◽

Cynara Cardunculus ◽

Trinitrobenzenesulfonic Acid ◽

Chronic Inflammatory Disorder ◽

Tnf Α ◽

Inflammatory Bowel ◽

Anti Inflammatory

Background: Cynara cardunculus L. var. altilis (DC) is a plant generally associated as an ingredient in the Mediterranean diet. The polyphenols present in this plant provide pharmacological and nutritional properties. C. cardunculus L. has been used throughout animal studies, which demonstrated an anti-inflammatory effect. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the gastrointestinal tract. Since there is not a known cure, the research of new possible pharmacological approaches is essential. This study aims to evaluate the effect of an aqueous extract of C. cardunculus L. dry leaves in a 2,4,6-Trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis model. Methods: CD-1 mice with TNBS-induced colitis received an intraperitoneal (IP) administration of C. cardunculus L. once per day for 4 days. Results: The C. cardunculus L. demonstrated a beneficial effect in this experimental model of IBD with anti-inflammatory action through the reduction of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α levels. It also demonstrated a beneficial influence on the extra-intestinal manifestations related to IBD, with the absence of significant side effects of its use. Conclusions: The extract of C. cardunculus L. dry leaves can become an interesting tool for new possible pharmacological approaches in the management of IBD.

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Tryptophan Metabolism, Regulatory T Cells, and Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Mini Review

Mediators of Inflammation ◽

10.1155/2020/9706140 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Xueyan Ding ◽

Peng Bin ◽

Wenwen Wu ◽

Yajie Chang ◽

Guoqiang Zhu

Keyword(s):

Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽

T Cells ◽

Regulatory T Cells ◽

Immune Cells ◽

Bowel Disease ◽

Kynurenine Pathway ◽

Inflammatory Disorder ◽

Chronic Inflammatory Disorder ◽

Inflammatory Bowel ◽

Treg Differentiation

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the gastrointestinal tract resulting from the homeostasis imbalance of intestinal microenvironment, immune dysfunction, environmental and genetic factors, and so on. This disease is associated with multiple immune cells including regulatory T cells (Tregs). Tregs are a subset of T cells regulating the function of various immune cells to induce immune tolerance and maintain intestinal immune homeostasis. Tregs are correlated with the initiation and progression of IBD; therefore, strategies that affect the differentiation and function of Tregs may be promising for the prevention of IBD-associated pathology. It is worth noting that tryptophan (Trp) metabolism is effective in inducing the differentiation of Tregs through microbiota-mediated degradation and kynurenine pathway (KP), which is important for maintaining the function of Tregs. Interestingly, patients with IBD show Trp metabolism disorder in the pathological process, including changes in the concentrations of Trp and its metabolites and alteration in the activities of related catalytic enzymes. Thus, manipulation of Treg differentiation through Trp metabolism may provide a potential target for prevention of IBD. The purpose of this review is to highlight the relationship between Trp metabolism and Treg differentiation and the role of this interaction in the pathogenesis of IBD.

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Phytochemicals Targeting JAK–STAT Pathways in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Insights from Animal Models

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26092824 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (9) ◽

pp. 2824

Author(s):

Sun Young Moon ◽

Kwang Dong Kim ◽

Jiyun Yoo ◽

Jeong-Hyung Lee ◽

Cheol Hwangbo

Keyword(s):

Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽

Bowel Disease ◽

Janus Kinase ◽

New Drugs ◽

Inflammatory Disorder ◽

Chronic Inflammatory Disorder ◽

Mediators Of Inflammation ◽

Inflammatory Bowel ◽

Stat Pathway

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the gastrointestinal tract that consists of Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). Cytokines are thought to be key mediators of inflammation-mediated pathological processes of IBD. These cytokines play a crucial role through the Janus kinase (JAK) and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) signaling pathways. Several small molecules inhibiting JAK have been used in clinical trials, and one of them has been approved for IBD treatment. Many anti-inflammatory phytochemicals have been shown to have potential as new drugs for IBD treatment. This review describes the significance of the JAK–STAT pathway as a current therapeutic target for IBD and discusses the recent findings that phytochemicals can ameliorate disease symptoms by affecting the JAK–STAT pathway in vivo in IBD disease models. Thus, we suggest that phytochemicals modulating JAK–STAT pathways are potential candidates for developing new therapeutic drugs, alternative medicines, and nutraceutical agents for the treatment of IBD.

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Paediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease and its Relationship with the Microbiome

Microbial Ecology ◽

10.1007/s00248-021-01697-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Rachel S. Fitzgerald ◽

Ian R. Sanderson ◽

Marcus J. Claesson

Keyword(s):

Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽

Digestive Tract ◽

Bowel Disease ◽

Inflammatory Disorder ◽

Healthy Children ◽

Chronic Inflammatory Disorder ◽

Disease States ◽

Paediatric Patients ◽

Potential Component ◽

Inflammatory Bowel

AbstractPaediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the digestive tract, comprising of Crohn’s disease (CD), ulcerative colitis (UC), and, where classification is undetermined, inflammatory bowel disease unclassified (IBDU). Paediatric IBD incidence is increasing globally, with prevalence highest in the developed world. Though no specific causative agent has been identified for paediatric IBD, it is believed that a number of factors may contribute to the development of the disease, including genetics and the environment. Another potential component in the development of IBD is the microbiota in the digestive tract, particularly the gut. While the exact role that the microbiome plays in IBD is unclear, many studies acknowledge the complex relationship between the gut bacteria and pathogenesis of IBD. In this review, we look at the increasing number of studies investigating the role the microbiome and other biomes play in paediatric patients with IBD, particularly changes associated with IBD, varying disease states, and therapeutics. The paediatric IBD microbiome is significantly different to that of healthy children, with decreased diversity and differences in bacterial composition (such as a decrease in Firmicutes). Changes in the microbiome relating to various treatments of IBD and disease severity have also been observed in multiple studies. Changes in diversity and composition may also extend to other biomes in paediatric IBD, such as the virome and the mycobiome. Research into biome differences in IBD paediatric patients may help progress our understanding of the aetiology of the disease.

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Subjective Needs and Thoughts for the Treatment of Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Applying Q Methodology

10.21203/rs.3.rs-19119/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Yong Eun Park ◽

Tae Oh Kim ◽

Jin Lee ◽

Jongha Park ◽

Joon Hyuk Choi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽

Bowel Disease ◽

Q Methodology ◽

Inflammatory Disorder ◽

Type I ◽

Treatment Needs ◽

Personalized Care ◽

Chronic Inflammatory Disorder ◽

Systematic Strategy ◽

Inflammatory Bowel

Abstract Background: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the gastrointestinal tract that requires lifetime management. Many studies have attempted to establish questionnaires and/or parameters to assess the quality of care for IBD patients. However, no study to date has investigated patients using Q-methodology, which is subjective and has been systematically studied, to identify and categorize their opinions and subjective thinking about their disease and treatment. Therefore, here we aimed to preliminarily examine Q-methodology to investigate the subjective thinking of IBD patients in Korea.Methods: Q-methodology, a method of analyzing the subjectivity of questionnaire items, was examined in this study. At Haeundae Paik Hospital, 50 IBD patients were classified into 34 normalized statements using a 9-point scale with a normal distribution. The collected data were analyzed using the QUANL PC program.Results: Using the Q-methodology, IBD patients were classified into type I, II, III, and IV treatment needs: medical staff–dependent, relationship-oriented, information-driven, and social awareness, respectively.Conclusion: The subjective needs and thoughts about the treatment of IBD patients can be classified into four types. Our findings suggest that we can establish a systematic strategy for personalized care according to patient type.

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