scholarly journals Alpha naphthyl acetate esterase activities in guinea pig Kurloff cells: a cytochemical and electrophoretic study.

1988 ◽  
Vol 36 (9) ◽  
pp. 1109-1115 ◽  
Author(s):  
M L Buat ◽  
G Landemore ◽  
J Izard
Keyword(s):  
Electrophoretic Study ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Enzyme Distribution ◽  
Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Acetate Esterase ◽  
Alpha Naphthyl Acetate Esterase ◽  
Membrane Bound ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Triton X ◽  
Naphthyl Acetate

We established the presence of nonspecific esterases in the Kurloff cell (KC) by cytochemical methods at both light and electron microscope levels. Acid alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase (ANAE) activities were localized on the external face of the plasma membrane and on the external surface of the membrane surrounding the Kurloff body. Different cytosoluble KC extracts were obtained from purified splenic KC suspensions. About 18 isoenzymes were observed by isoelectric focusing, whereas after polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophoresis in native conditions almost all activity was observed on a few broad bands with very high apparent molecular weights, suggesting their oligomeric arrangement. After a first aqueous extraction step which released only a few isoenzymes, the remaining pellet was subjected to Triton X-100. This released almost all the isoenzymes observed after direct Triton X-100 extraction. These data suggest that almost all the KC esterases are membrane-bound enzymes, in agreement with the subcellular enzyme distribution. Different substrates were also used to characterize the different specificities of the KC isoesterases. Weak activity was detected with alpha-naphthyl butyrate by light cytochemistry, which essentially corresponded, on zymograms, to the membrane-bound esterase activity.

scholarly journals Chromosome pattern in childhood acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL)

Blood ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 389-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y Kaneko ◽  
JD Rowley ◽  
HS Maurer ◽  
D Variakojis ◽  
JW Moohr
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Normal Karyotype ◽  
Chromosome Abnormalities ◽  
Host Susceptibility ◽  
Leukemic Cells ◽  
Karyotypic Analysis ◽  
Chromosome Pattern ◽  
Acetate Esterase ◽  
Alpha Naphthyl Acetate Esterase ◽  
Naphthyl Acetate

Abstract We studied the karyotype in 26 children with ANLL, which was diagnosed on the basis of the FAB classification. Clonal chromosome abnormalities were found in 21 of 26 patients. Four patients, including 3 with Down's syndrome, had AML(M1). Nine patients, including 3 with t(8;21), had AML(M2). All 3 patients with APL(M3) had t(15;17). Four patients had AMMOL(M4); 3 of these had a normal karyotype. Six patients had AMOL(M5); 5 and 11q rearrangements, and 3 of these had a break in 11q23. Only one patient had EL(M6), and he had a normal karyotype. One patient with t(11;19), classified as AML(M2) on Wright-Giemsa-stained cells, had a strong alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase reaction, indicating that the leukemic cells had a cytochemical feature characteristic of monocytes. Whereas t(8;21) and t(15;17) are uniquely associated with AML(M2) and APL(M3), respectively, the 11q rearrangements are also seen in AML(M1/M2), although they are more common in AMOL(M5) and AMMOL(M4). The case with t(11;19) suggests that cells with 11q rearrangements and with AML(M1/M2) may have both monocytic and granulocytic features. When we used our data and previous reports on 243 aneuploid patients (169 adults and 74 children) to correlate the chromosome abnormalities with patient age, we found differences in the chromosome pattern seen among various age groups. This suggests that different etiologic factors as well as changes in host susceptibility may influence the development of and the karyotypic pattern in the various types of leukemia. Moreover, the frequency of various chromosome abnormalities in childhood ANLL can provide a baseline for comparison of the frequency of the same abnormality in adults. The karyotypic analysis of childhood ANLL is important not only because of the information that can be obtained about childhood ANLL, but also because the data can provide substantial insight into the etiology of ANLL in adults.

scholarly journals Rapid method for identification of macrophages in suspension by acid alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase activity.

1983 ◽  
Vol 31 (7) ◽  
pp. 960-963 ◽  
Author(s):  
D L Ennist ◽  
K H Jones
Keyword(s):  
Azo Dye ◽  
Close Agreement ◽  
Staining Procedure ◽  
Inexpensive Method ◽  
Morphological Criteria ◽  
Acetate Esterase ◽  
Alpha Naphthyl Acetate Esterase ◽  
Rats And Mice ◽  
Naphthyl Acetate ◽  
Supravital Staining

A supravital staining procedure for the identification of macrophages in cell suspension using a modification of a standard cytochemical assay for alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase (ANAE) activity is described. Macrophages are stained an intense red-brown after 5 min incubation in a buffer using ANAE as the substrate and hexazonium pararosaniline as the coupler for the azo dye. There is close agreement in the number of ANAE-positive cells found and the number of macrophages identified in smears by morphological criteria, by phagocytosis, and by the presence of Fc receptors. Therefore, this stain provides a quick, inexpensive method to estimate the number of macrophages present in suspensions of lymphocytic tissues from rats and mice.

scholarly journals Rapid Localization of Gag/GagPol Complexes to Detergent-Resistant Membrane during the Assembly of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1

2003 ◽  
Vol 77 (7) ◽  
pp. 3973-3984 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rabih Halwani ◽  
Ahmad Khorchid ◽  
Shan Cen ◽  
Lawrence Kleiman
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type ◽  
Virus Type ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Membrane Bound ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Triton X ◽  
Hiv 1 ◽  
Detergent Resistant Membrane

ABSTRACT During human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) assembly in HIV-1-transfected COS7 cells, almost all steady-state Gag/Gag and Gag/GagPol complexes are membrane bound. However, exposure to 1% Triton X-100 gives results indicating that while all Gag/GagPol complexes remain associated with the detergent-resistant membrane (DRM), only 30% of Gag/Gag complexes are associated with the DRM. Analysis of the localization of newly synthesized Gag/Gag and Gag/GagPol to the membrane indicates that after a 10-min pulse with radioactive [35S]Cys-[35S]Met, all newly synthesized Gag/GagPol is found at the DRM. Only 30% of newly synthesized Gag/Gag moves to the membrane, and at 0 min of chase, only 38% of this membrane-bound Gag/Gag is associated with the DRM. During the first 30 min of chase, most membrane-bound Gag/Gag moves to the DRM, while between 30 and 60 min of chase, there is a significant decrease in membrane-bound Gag/Gag and Gag/GagPol. Since the localization of newly synthesized Gag/Gag to the DRM and the interaction of GagPol with Gag both depend upon Gag multimerization, the rapid localization of GagPol to the DRM probably reflects the interaction of all newly synthesized GagPol with the first newly synthesized polymeric Gag to associate with the DRM.

scholarly journals Multiple forms of acetylcholinesterase from human erythrocytes

1973 ◽  
Vol 133 (3) ◽  
pp. 521-527 ◽  
Author(s):  
David L. Wright ◽  
David T. Plummer
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Electrophoretic Pattern ◽  
Human Erythrocytes ◽  
Serum Cholinesterase ◽  
Main Peak ◽  
Multiple Forms ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Enzyme Substrate ◽  
Triton X ◽  
Naphthyl Acetate

1. Acetylcholinesterase from human erythrocytes was solubilized with Triton X-100 in strong salt solution and partially purified by (NH4)2SO4 fractionation. This preparation showed three main bands of enzyme activity after electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gel and incubation with either α-naphthyl acetate or acetylthiocholine as enzyme substrate. Two of the multiple forms were completely inhibited by 10μm-eserine and one only partially. Treatment with neuraminidase had no effect on the electrophoretic pattern; therefore sialic acid does not appear to determine or affect the ratios of the acetylcholinesterase multiple forms, unlike those of the serum cholinesterase. 2. Chromatography of the preparation on Sephadex G-200 revealed one major peak of enzyme activity and a suggestion of two minor zones of mol.wt. 546000, 184000 and 93000 (i.e. in the proportion 6:2:1). The main peak was almost completely separated from the Triton X-100 and the overall purification was about 600-fold. Further attempts to purify the enzyme by absorption on calcium phosphate gels were unsuccessful. 3. Electrophoresis of the enzyme preparation on a polyacrylamide gradient for 24h revealed three main bands that corresponded to the three values for molecular weights obtained by column chromatography. After 70h of electrophoresis a further three zones of activity developed making six molecular entities, the molecular weights of which were simple multiples of a monomer, thus resembling the cholinesterase found in serum.

scholarly journals Acute megakaryoblastic leukemia in early childhood

Blood ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-98
Author(s):  
WC Chan ◽  
RK Brynes ◽  
TH Kim ◽  
A Verras ◽  
C Schick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Cytosine Arabinoside ◽  
Chromosomal Abnormalities ◽  
Severe Thrombocytopenia ◽  
Acute Megakaryoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Megakaryoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Sudan Black B ◽  
Acetate Esterase ◽  
Alpha Naphthyl Acetate Esterase ◽  
Naphthyl Acetate

Two girls, each less than 2 yr of age, developed acute megakaryoblastic leukemia (malignant myelosclerosis). Both presented with anemia, severe thrombocytopenia, and a low percentage of blasts in their peripheral blood. Their marrow showed marked reticulin fibrosis with an increase in blasts and immature megakaryocytes. The blasts stained negatively for myeloperoxidase and Sudan Black B, but showed acid phosphatase (ACP) and alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase (ANAE) activity inhibitable by sodium fluoride. They were identified as megakaryoblasts by the platelet peroxidase reaction. Cytogenetic studies showed multiple chromosomal abnormalities in both cases. Chemotherapy with vincristine, prednisone, and L-asparaginase was without effect, while daunorubicin and cytosine arabinoside induced a complete remission in one case. The second case responded to a combination of cytosine arabinoside, daunorubicin, and 6-thioguanine. This article documents that acute megakaryoblastic leukemia occurs in early childhood and describes its clinical, pathologic, and cytogenetic features. Previous reports of childhood “myelofibrosis” are reviewed, and their possible relationship with acute megakaryoblastic leukemia is discussed.

scholarly journals Cell marker analysis in acute monocytic leukemias

Blood ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 895-901
Author(s):  
B Koziner ◽  
S McKenzie ◽  
D Straus ◽  
B Clarkson ◽  
RA Good ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leukemic Cells ◽  
Acute Monocytic Leukemia ◽  
Cell Marker ◽  
Monocytic Leukemia ◽  
Differentiation Markers ◽  
Marker Analysis ◽  
Multiple Differentiation ◽  
Acetate Esterase ◽  
Alpha Naphthyl Acetate Esterase ◽  
Naphthyl Acetate

Leukemic cells from nine cases of acute monocytic leukemia (AMoL) were characterized by multiple differentiation markers. Cells in most cases were phagocytic, carried an Fc receptor, and stained positively for alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase but negatively for naphthol AS-D chloroacetate esterase. However, subtle differences in marker expression were observed which suggested different degrees of leukemic cellular maturation or activation. Cell marker analysis proved to be a useful adjunct to conventional morphology in confirming the diagnosis and the recognition of the neoplastic cells in AMoL, and may ultimately provide insight into the functional state of these cells.

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