Authenticity, Value and Community Involvement in Heritage Management under the World Heritage and Intangible Heritage Conventions

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harriet Deacon ◽  
Rieks Smeets
Keyword(s):  
Community Involvement ◽  
World Heritage ◽  
Heritage Management ◽  
Intangible Heritage ◽  
The World

The development of legal framework for the management of World Heritage Sites in Oman: a case study on Bahla Oasis

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Ali Mohamed Khalil ◽  
Eman Hanye Mohamed Nasr
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
World Heritage ◽  
Heritage Management ◽  
World Heritage Site ◽  
Content Type ◽  
World Heritage Sites ◽  
Heritage Sites ◽  
Heritage Site ◽  
The World ◽  
Heritage Legislation

PurposeThe study aims to analyze the development of Omani heritage legislation against the UNESCO World Heritage Convention (WHC), 1972 and WHC Operational Guidelines (WHC-OGs) to predict the possible effects of the recent developments on the management of the World Heritage Site in Oman.Design/methodology/approachThis study discusses the development of the heritage protection legislation in Sultanate of Oman since 1970; it analyses the Omani Cultural Heritage Law 35/2019 against the recommendations of the UNESCO WHC as well as the requirements of the World Heritage Operational Guidelines. Moreover, the research investigates the possible effects of the recent heritage legislation developments on the management of Bahla Fort and Oasis in Oman, which is the first Omani World Heritage Site and the only site with special management regulations.FindingsThe paper outlines the effects of both the Omani Cultural Heritage Law 35/2019 and the Special Management Regulations 81/2019 on the implementation of the Bahla Management Plan. Additionally, the research establishes how the customization of heritage legislation as a special heritage management regulation facilitates the implementation of national legislation to solve specific local problems.Originality/valueThe study establishes the significance of developing comprehensive legislation to protect and manage the rich Omani cultural heritage and World Heritage Sites in alignment with the WHC and the WHC-OGs.

scholarly journals Marius Alexianu, Roxana-Gabriela Curcă, Ștefan Caliniuc, Izvoarele sărate din România exploatate în neolitic și eneolitic. O propunere pentru Lista Patrimoniului Mondial / The Romanian salt springs exploited in the Neolithic and Eneolithic. A proposal for the World Heritage List

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-242
Keyword(s):  
Reference Point ◽  
Interdisciplinary Research ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
World Heritage ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Intangible Heritage ◽  
World Heritage List ◽  
The World

The importance of the Romanian salt springs for the historical development of the human communities of inland Europe is manifest. Exploited for over eight millennia, and providing world’s earliest evidence for the production of recrystallized salt, the Romanian salt springs also stand out from among other similar sites in Europe on account of their uninterrupted use to this day. These resilient behaviours constitute a reference point for the intangible heritage of mankind. The variegated forms of association between this intangible and the tangible heritage of the Romanian salt springs can offset the often implicit ‘monumental’ criterion for World Heritage inclusion, for which we make a case. In furthering this goal, it is foremost necessary to raise awareness among the local communities and the wider public, as well as the national and international cultural and scientific establishments. We find that for at least the last two decades this direction has been pursued, as evidenced by the increase in interdisciplinary research and highlighting of the role played by the salt springs in the development of the human communities from the respective areas.

The World Heritage Convention and the Law of State ResponsibilityPromises and Pitfalls

2020 ◽  
pp. 247-266
Author(s):  
Lucas Lixinski ◽  
Vassilis P Tzevelekos
Keyword(s):  
Management Practice ◽  
World Heritage ◽  
Heritage Management ◽  
World Heritage Convention ◽  
Positive Law ◽  
State Involvement ◽  
Legal Obligations ◽  
The World ◽  
The One ◽  
Different Levels

Under many UNESCO instruments there is a disconnect between the language of the treaties and the mechanics of the positive law, on the one hand, and the actuality of international heritage management practice, on the other. Specifically, existing primary norms often do not set sufficiently clear legal obligations. This chapter explores this mismatch with a focus on (concurrent) State responsibility in the context of the World Heritage program. It focuses specifically on two different levels of State involvement in heritage protection: (1) multinational heritage nominations and (2) heritage that is listed by only one State, but that is also of interest to another State. The 1972 World Heritage Convention places heritage squarely within the territorial State’s sovereignty, even if it does recognize that States have a duty to cooperate in the protection of world heritage in other States as well. The duty of cooperation is seen as eroding State sovereignty, but critics also highlight that in fact there is too much sovereign control over those allegedly sovereignty-eroding dimensions of World Heritage processes.

NATIONAL AND WORLD HERITAGE AS A FACTOR OF DEVELOPMENT OF INTERNATIONAL TOURISM

2018 ◽  
pp. 65-70
Author(s):  
O. Beidyk ◽  
B. Semenko
Keyword(s):  
Development Strategy ◽  
World Heritage ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
World Heritage Site ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Unesco World Heritage ◽  
World Heritage Sites ◽  
Heritage Sites ◽  
Intangible Heritage ◽  
The World

The article analyzes the hierarchy of fundamental world recreational and tourist resources. The qualitative-quantitative characteristics, the spatial distribution of UNESCO objects and the systematized data are presented. The structure of the UNESCO World Heritage sites is analyzed. Created schematic map of the structure and territorial distribution of UNESCO World Heritage sites in Ukraine. The advantages obtained by states when making their objects to the list of UNESCO World Heritage sites are established. It is indicated that it contributes to the organization of monitoring and control of the state of conservation of natural and cultural objects. It is emphasized that UNESCO objects fall into the tourist guides of the world, and hence to the proposed routes of travel agencies. The factors that determine the presence of UNESCO objects in the country were analyzed. The geographic distribution of UNESCO World Heritage sites in the world and Ukraine is analyzed. The geographical distribution of the objects “Seven Wonders of Ukraine”, which were selected during the all-Ukrainian contest, was highlighted. An analysis of UNESCO World Heritage sites in Ukraine was conducted, their preliminary list. The attention is focused on the fact that the entry into the national list of intangible heritage in Ukraine is a necessary step for the objects to obtain the status of the “intangible heritage of UNESCO. The objects, which are included in the national list of intangible heritage in Ukraine, are analyzed. The map “The most significant recreational and tourist resources of Ukraine” was developed. It is noted that four of the seven Ukrainian objects of the UNESCO World Heritage Site are entirely within the territory of Ukraine. The remaining 3 objects are partly in the territory of other states. It was indicated that during the time of cooperation with the Organization Ukraine initiated many international programs and projects. Seven Ukrainian cultural-architectural and natural objects are listed on the UNESCO World Heritage List. It is noted that the large volume of quantitative and qualitative data obtained when selecting UNESCO objects contributes to the formation of informed cultural policies and the integration of culture in the development strategy, thereby contributing to the implementation of the UNESCO Convention on the Protection and Promotion of the Diversity of Cultural Expressions. The analysis made it possible to establish that the largest number of UNESCO World Heritage sites is concentrated in the European macroregion, thus Ukrainian entities that are part of the UNESCO World Heritage have to withstand significant competition in attracting international tourist flows. It is stated that the Asian market has the world’s largest tourism industry, and the number of objects of the World Heritage is second only to Europe.

scholarly journals Historic urban landscape: an approach for sustainable management in Cuenca (Ecuador)

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 308-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Rey-Perez ◽  
María Eugenia Siguencia Ávila
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
World Heritage ◽  
Heritage Management ◽  
Sustainable Urban Development ◽  
City Development ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The World ◽  
The City

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to present a methodology developed on the basis of the Historic Urban Landscape (HUL) notion applied for the city of Cuenca in Ecuador. The identification of cultural values – among all the actors involved in the city – draws up a series of sustainable urban development strategies. Design/methodology/approach This methodology is based on the city analysis from the local community and multiple disciplines such as geomorphology, environment, urban planning, historic cartography, architecture, archaeology, anthropology, and economy. Further qualitative data collection methods included 16 workshops with 168 citizens, specific surveys, mapping, and on-site observations. The challenge of this methodology is not only its implementation in the world heritage city of Cuenca in Ecuador, but also the integration of the management of the historic centre within the overall city development plan. Findings The application of the HUL concept has allowed the identification of a series of strategies for the urban development where the points of view coming from different stakeholders were gathered. The project reveals the existence of values and attributes, so far overlooked in the actual heritage management system. In addition, a Geographic Information System database has been created with all the information related to Cuenca with the possibility of making it available for the community in the future. Research limitations/implications The project has been developed within one year with scarce economic resources: that is the reason why the planned activities took longer than expected. Social implications Social participation has played a key role in the development of the project. Originality/value This research process in Cuenca has led to its incorporation as a Latin-American pilot city for a programme developed by the World Heritage Institute of Training and Research for the Asia and the Pacific Region.

scholarly journals Preparation and Submission of the Nomination File of the Oasis of Figuig (Morocco) for Inscription on the World Heritage List: Impacts and Uses of a GIS

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 140-148
Author(s):  
Laurence Gillot ◽  
André Del
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Cultural Landscape ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
World Heritage ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Heritage Management ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Tourism Management ◽  
World Heritage List ◽  
The World

At the request of the municipality of Figuig, a team of scientists, working under the supervision of Professor Jean-Pierre Vallat of the University Paris Diderot and the School of architecture Paris-Val-de-Seine, was entrusted with the task of drawing up and inventory and making an analysis of the cultural properties of the oasis. This program has been led in order to assist the local authorities in the preparation of the nomination file for the inscription of the oasis on the World Heritage List. The oasis is regarded as a matter of fact as a cultural landscape, composed by an important cultural heritage, both material and immaterial. Figuig is indeed characterized by a rich architecture, particularly the ksour (fortified villages) with mud brick houses. Figuig also comprises a palm grove irrigated by a complex network of canals and “foggaras” (pits). Moreover, all the individual and collectives practices connected to the palm grove and to the ksour constitute an important immaterial cultural heritage. The bulk of scientific data (from archaeological, geographical, historical, anthropological investigations) calls for a coherent archiving in order to insure the heritage, environmental and tourism management of the oasis. For this purpose, a GIS would be useful. As a scientific and management tool, the GIS is a precious device which makes it possible to produce thematic (archaeological, historical, touristic, etc.) mappings and inventories. In parallel with these scientific initiatives, the training of the various stakeholders in the practice of the GIS is being developed. Individuals from the municipality, the cooperation offices and the tourism sector are thus developing new competencies. In this respect, the GIS should be a shared tool with multiple applications: scientific researches, heritage management, urban development, tourism management, etc. In this context, this paper sets to analyse the stakes, perspectives and applications of the GIS regarding the necessary development of the oasis whilst protecting its heritage, and ensuring good governance, transparency and justification in the framework of generally binding protective measures.

scholarly journals Manajemen Berbasis Komunitas untuk Pengembangan Kota Lama Semarang Berwawasan World Heritage

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 107
Author(s):  
Dewi Yuliati ◽  
Endang Susilowati ◽  
Titiek Suliyati
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Community Involvement ◽  
World Heritage ◽  
Community Based ◽  
The World ◽  
Old City

This article contains the discussion on Semarang community based management to endorse the development of the Site of Semarang Old City which has been already proposed to UNESCO to obtain the world heritage status. One of the UNESCO requirements for obtaining the world heritage status is community involvement in conservation and developing the cultural heritage, so this study is focusing on the involvement of the Old City communities in the developing of Semarang Old City cultural heritages toward the world heritage status. The communities involved are namely: AMBO (Asosiasi Masyarakat Bangun Oudestad), Oen Semarang Foundation, Monod Diephuis, dan KPS (Komunitas Pegiat Sejarah). The result of this research shows that these communities have the great involvements in developing Semarang Old City to welcome its status as a world heritage.

Nested BoxesTangible Cultural Heritage and Environmental Protection in Light of Climate Change

2020 ◽  
pp. 267-292
Author(s):  
Ottavio Quirico
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Environmental Regulation ◽  
World Heritage ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
World Heritage Convention ◽  
Mitigation And Adaptation ◽  
Intangible Heritage ◽  
The World ◽  
Outstanding Universal Value

The international protection of tangible cultural heritage overlaps with that of the environment, ranging from the conservation of biodiversity to the prevention of desertification. Against this background, the phenomenon of climate change raises questions that challenge the fundamentals of the World Heritage Convention, which protects cultural heritage and interlinked natural heritage. Global warming critically affects cultural sites of outstanding universal value, such as the city of Venice, and depletes mixed cultural and natural sites inscribed on the World Heritage List, such as Tassili n’Ajjer. Arguably, the World Heritage Convention is lex specialis with respect to international environmental regulation as concerns localized adaptation and mitigation measures protecting sites of outstanding universal value. By contrast, environmental regulation, notably the UNFCCC regime as reviewed in Paris in December 2015, is lex specialis as concerns general mitigation and adaptation, systemically integrating the protection of tangible cultural heritage. This argument also applies to intangible cultural heritage, including a human rights perspective. In fact, the fundamental right to culture has been invoked in international jurisdictions to protect intangible heritage, but still remains lex generalis with respect to the UNFCCC regime. As in a set of nested boxes, such an interactive pattern outlines a basic paradigm to shape the broader intersection between the regulatory regimes protecting tangible cultural heritage and the environment in international law.

Perceived Authenticity and Place Attachment: New Findings from Chinese World Heritage Sites

2021 ◽  
pp. 109634802110276
Author(s):  
Xiaoli Yi ◽  
Xiaoxiao Fu ◽  
Kevin Kam Fung So ◽  
Chunhui Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Place Attachment ◽  
Southern China ◽  
World Heritage ◽  
Heritage Management ◽  
World Heritage Sites ◽  
Heritage Sites ◽  
Intangible Heritage ◽  
New Findings ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Practical Implications

Building on previous research that claims tourists’ perceived authenticity is an antecedent to place attachment, this study explored the relationship between the two theoretical constructs. Specifically, the mechanism between perceived authenticity, place attachment, and loyalty was empirically tested. The data were collected at Kaiping Diaolou and Villages, and the Old Town of Lijiang, two UNESCO heritage sites in southern China. Contrary to previous studies, the findings indicate that (1) perceived authenticity can be an antecedent to place attachment, (2) across both sites, tourists’ perceived authenticity of architecture or intangible heritage exhibited various effects on different components of place attachment, (3) the constituents of place attachment significantly influence loyalty, and (4) place attachment mediates between perceived authenticity and loyalty. This study provided a refined understanding of the dynamics between perceived authenticity and place attachment and offered practical implications for heritage management and marketing.

scholarly journals Resilience and transformation of heritage sites to accommodate for loss and learning in a changing climate

2020 ◽  
Vol 162 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-55
Author(s):  
Erin Seekamp ◽  
Eugene Jo
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
World Heritage ◽  
Heritage Management ◽  
International Level ◽  
World Heritage Sites ◽  
Heritage Sites ◽  
World Heritage Convention ◽  
The World ◽  
Climatic Impacts ◽  
Heritage Policy

Abstract The predicted increases in climate change vulnerability of heritage sites are alarming. Yet, heritage management focuses on enabling a steady state of heritage sites to ensure the continuity of values embedded within those properties. In this paper, we use the concept of resilience to demonstrate how expanding the heritage paradigm from solely a preservation perspective to one that also embraces a transformation perspective can accommodate for loss as well as promote learning. We argue that adaptation as currently conceptualized in the heritage field is limited, as it is not economically or ecologically feasible for all heritage sites or properties. When heritage properties are severely impacted by climatic events, we suggest that some remain damaged to serve as a memory of that event and the inherent vulnerabilities embedded in places. Moreover, when confronted with projected climatic impacts that exceed a financially viable threshold or ecological reality, or when rights holders or associated communities deem persistent adaptation unacceptable, we argue for transformation. We claim that transformation enables a reorganization of values focused on the discovery of future values embedded within changing associations and benefits. Therefore, we recommend that the heritage field adopts an alternative heritage policy that enables transformative continuity through applications of persistent and autonomous or anticipatory adaptation. We conclude by suggesting a pathway for such change at the international level; specifically, we call for the World Heritage Convention to develop a new grouping of sites, World Heritage Sites in Climatic Transformation.

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