Characterization of clays and the technology of Roman ceramics production

Clay Minerals ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 413-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Letizia Ceccarelli ◽  
Maurizio Pietro Bellotto ◽  
Marco Caruso ◽  
Cinzia Cristiani ◽  
Giovanni Dotelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
First Century ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Local Clay ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ancient Technology ◽  
Differential Thermogravimetric Analysis ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Clay Materials

ABSTRACTThe recent discovery of a Roman ceramics manufacturing workshop at Montelabate (Perugia, Italy), in use from the first century BC until the late-fourth to fifth centuries AD, offers a unique opportunity to study the technical processes for producing Roman amphorae. Ancient and modern clays were sampled and analysed; they do not differ significantly, supporting the hypothesis of the exploitation of the rich local clay source that allowed a continuity of production. Characterization of the clays was performed using geotechnical methods (Atterberg limits and size distribution) and by thermogravimetric and differential thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and X-ray fluorescence analyses. The material was suitable for pottery making with the addition of calcite and quartz sand temper. Production waste and discarded materials as well as good-quality products were also analysed with the same methodology. It is therefore possible to reconstruct the ancient technology by defining the recipe for the production of the amphorae and their firing temperature on the basis of the decomposition of clay materials and the presence of newly formed minerals.

Synthesis and Characterization of Y2O3 Nanoflowers

2012 ◽  
Vol 465 ◽  
pp. 76-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuang Zhan ◽  
Xia Li
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Phase Composition ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Synthesis And Characterization ◽  
The Novel ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Facile Hydrothermal Method ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Scanning Electron

The novel Y2O3 nanoflowers were synthesized through a facile hydrothermal method without using any catalyst or template. The phase composition and the microstructure of as-prepared products were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) as well as Fourier transform infrared spectrum. The formation mechanism for the Y2O3 flowers has been proposed.

Mechanochemical Synthesis of Magnesium Doped Hydroxyapatite: Powder Characterization

2013 ◽  
Vol 372 ◽  
pp. 62-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharifah Adzila ◽  
Singh Ramesh ◽  
Iis Sopyan ◽  
C.Y. Tan ◽  
Mohd. Hamdi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Present Method ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Mechanochemical Method ◽  
Xrd Pattern ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Hydroxyapatite Powder ◽  
Powder Properties ◽  
Mg Doped

In this study, the mechanochemical method was employed to synthesize hydroxyapatite (HA) and magnesium (Mg) doped hydroxyapatite (HA) powders. The effect of Mg2+ into the synthesized HA powder properties were investigated. Characterization of the synthesized HA and Mg doped HA at various concentrations (1% - 5% MgHA) were accomplished through X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analyses. nanosize of HA and Mg doped HA powders were successfully synthesized through the present method as indicated from the different peaks intensity and adsorption bands obtained in XRD pattern and FTIR respectively.

Preparation and characterization of poly(tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine)/clay hybrids via intercalative polymerization

2003 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 482-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guangming Chen ◽  
Nobuo Iyi ◽  
Taketoshi Fujita
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Thermal Behavior ◽  
Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Interlayer Space ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Noncovalent Bonding ◽  
Intercalative Polymerization

New noncovalent bonding polymer/clay hybrids were prepared, including the polymer poly(tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine) (poly-TMPD). Polymerization occurred in the interlayer space of clay mineral successively after intercalation of monomers. Two types of clay minerals with different surface properties—a hydrophilic lithium fluorotaeniolite (TN) and four kinds of organophilic fluorotaeniolites (org-TNs)—were used as the hosts. Powder x-ray diffraction results showed an increase of 0.7–1.0 nm in the basal spacings, indicating the formation of poly–TMPD in the interlayer space of the hosts. Intercalative polymerization was also supported by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The orientation of the poly-TMPD and thermal behavior were also discussed.

Synthesis and Structural Characterization of a Series of Group 11 2,2-Dialkyl-1,3-dicyclohexylguanidinate Complexes

2014 ◽  
Vol 67 (7) ◽  
pp. 1021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonya K. Adas ◽  
Jesus A. Ocana ◽  
Scott D. Bunge
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Nmr Studies ◽  
X Ray ◽  
7Li Nmr ◽  
Elemental Analyses ◽  
Lithium Diethylamide ◽  
Structural Aspects

The addition of either lithium dimethylamide or lithium diethylamide to a tetrahydrofuran (THF) solution of 1,3-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide yielded THF adducts of lithium 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dicyclohexylguandidinate (1) and lithium 2,2-diethyl-1,3-dicyclohexylguandidinate (2), respectively. One equivalent of either 1 or 2 was subsequently reacted with one equivalent of Group 11 halide (CuCl, AgBr, and AuCl) to generate oligonuclear complexes with the general formula {M[CyNC(NR2)NCy]}n where M, R, and n are respectively Cu, CH3, 2 (3); Cu, CH2CH3, 2 (4); Ag, CH3, 3 (5); Ag, CH2CH3, 3 (6); Au, CH3, 2 (7); and Au, CH2CH3, 2 (8). Compounds 1–8 were characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The bulk powders for all complexes were found to be in agreement with the crystal structures based on elemental analyses, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and 1H, 13C, and 7Li NMR studies. The unique structural aspects of this family of Group 11 complexes are highlighted.

Preparation and Preliminary Characterization of Chitosan from Catharsius molossus Discards

2012 ◽  
Vol 548 ◽  
pp. 77-81
Author(s):  
Jia Hua Ma ◽  
Cheng Jia Tan ◽  
Xia Deng ◽  
Chao Xin
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Oxalic Acid ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Orthogonal Design ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Preparation Techniques ◽  
Better Than

Preparation techniques of chitosan from Catharsius molossus L. processing discards were studied by orthogonal design. Preparation techniques were as follows:demineralizing: soaked for 30 min at 80 °C with 1.3 mol•L-1 HCl, then kept for 12 h under room temperature. Deproteinization and delipidation: treated for 6 h at 90 °C with 4 mol•L-1 NaOH. Decolorizing: soaked at room temperature with 3% KMnO4, then treated with 2% oxalic acid at 70 °C. Deacetylation: treated for 6 h at 110 °Cwith 14 mol•L-1 NaOH. Properties of chitosan were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), etc. It proved the technique was stable and feasible. The result also preliminarily showed that chitosan from Catharsius molossus L. was better than shrimp’s. It will be widely applicated in biomedical and other industrial areas with such exiciting properties.

scholarly journals Karakterisasi Membran ZSM-5 yang Disintensis dengan Variasi Jenis dan Ukuran Kasa Penyangga

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Ana Hidayati Mukaromah ◽  
Tulus Ariyadi ◽  
Inas Hasna Azizah ◽  
Mifbakhuddin Mifbakhuddin
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy ◽  
Energy Dispersive ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Aisi 316 ◽  
Scanning Electron

<p>Telah dilakukan sintesis dan karakterisasi membran ZSM-5 dengan penyangga kasa jenis 304 ukuran 200 dan 400 mesh dan jenis kasa AISI 316 ukuran 180 mesh. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mensintesis membran ZSM-5 dengan penyangga kasa jenis 304 ukuran 200 dan 400 mesh dan jenis kasa AISI 316 ukuran 180 mesh dan mengkarakterisasi membran ZSM-5 hasil sintesis. Sintesis membran dilakukan dengan cara melapiskan prekursor ZSM-5 (<em>coating)</em> pada penyangga kasa yang telah diberi perlakuan dan dipanaskan pada suhu 90 °C selama 4 hari. Selanjutnya, membran yang dihasilkan dikarakterisasi engan metoda <em>X-ray diffraction</em> (XRD), <em>scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive spectroscopy</em> (SEM-EDS) dan <em>Fourier-transform infrared</em> (FTIR). Hasil citra SEM-EDS menunjukkan bahwa ukuran membran ZSM-5 yang semakin besar, menghasilkan jumlah lubang atau pori semakin banyak dengan luasan pori yang semakin kecil. Pola difraksi XRD menunjukkan bahwa membran yang dihasilkan mempunyai intensitas tertinggi pada 2 8º dan 23º yang merupakan karakteristik dari ZSM-5. Hasil spektra FTIR menunjukkan adanya serapan pada bilangan gelombang 450 cm<sup>-</sup><sup>1</sup>yang merupakan ciri khas membran ZSM-5.</p><p class="Text"><strong>Characterization of ZSM-5 Membranes Synthesized by Variation of Support Types and Sizes.</strong> Synthesis and characterization of ZSM-5 membrane were carried out with 304 type 200 and 400 mesh gauze supports and 180 mesh AISI 316 gauze types. The purpose of this study was to synthesize ZSM-5 membrane with 304 type 200 and 400 mesh gauze support and AISI 316 type 180 mesh size 180 mesh and characterize the synthesized ZSM-5 membrane. Membrane synthesis was carried out by coating the pre-treated gauze support with the ZSM-5 precursor and was heated at 90 °C for 4 days. Furthermore, the resulting membrane was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) dan Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR). The SEM-EDX analysis shows that the increasing of ZSM-5 membrane size allowed pores number to increase with smaller pore surface area. The X-ray Diffraction pattern (XRD) shows that the resulting membrane has the highest intensity at 2  of 8º and 23º as the characteristics of ZSM-5. The FTIR spectra results show absorption at wavenumbers 450 cm<sup>-1</sup> which is a characteristic of ZSM-5 membranes.</p>

scholarly journals Mineralogical, Physicochemical and Morphological Characterization of Okpella Clay

Mining Revue ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 78-82
Author(s):  
Nurudeen Salahudeen ◽  
Aminat Oluwafisayo Abodunrin
Keyword(s):  
Ph Value ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Local Clay ◽  
Mineralogical Characterization ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Edo State ◽  
Fluorescence Analyzer

Abstract Local clay mineral was mined from Okpella Town, Etsako Local Government Area of Edo State, Nigeria. Mineralogical characterization of the clay was carried out using X-ray diffraction analyzer. Chemical characterization of the clay was carried out using X-ray fluorescence analyzer and the pH analysis of the clay was carried out using pH meter. The mineralogical analysis revealed that the clay was majorly a dolomite mineral having 72% dolomite. The impurities present are 18% cristobalite, 4.1% garnet, 5% calcite and 1% quicklime. The pH analysis of the clay revealed that the clay was acidic having average pH value of 3.9. The pH determined for the 1:1, 1:2, 1:4, 1:8 and 1:10 samples were 3.61, 3.85, 3.85, 4.05 and 4.09, respectively.

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