scholarly journals A Phase II Study of Curcumin and Vitamin D in Previously Untreated Patients with Early Stage Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) or Small Lymphocytic Lymphoma (SLL)

Blood ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 132 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 1875-1875 ◽  
Author(s):  
Basem M. William ◽  
Kaylee Brillhart ◽  
Manuel Afable ◽  
Kristen Bakalarz ◽  
Brenda Cooper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Overall Survival ◽  
Phase Ii ◽  
Stable Disease ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Flow Cytometric Analysis ◽  
Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽  
Lymphoid Cells ◽  
High Dose

Abstract B ackground: Current therapies for CLL/SLL have frequent toxicities, are non-curative, and several trials have demonstrated that early treatment of the disease doesn't result in longer overall survival. In high doses, both curcumin (CM), from turmeric, and vitamin D (VD) have been shown to be safe in multiple clinical trials of solid tumors. Curcumin was shown to disrupt CLL cell interactions with the microenvironment, induce apoptosis independent of DNA damage, and upregulate vitamin D receptor (VDR) in malignant lymphoid cells. We hypothesized that the combination of CM and VD is safe and active in CLL/SLL and would delay disease progression. Methods: This was an open-label phase II trial for previously untreated patients with asymptomatic,Rai stage 0-II CLL/SLL not currently meeting National CancerInstitute Working Group (NCI-WG) Criteria for treatment. All patients received 8 gm of CM and 10,000 IU of vitamin D3 (VD) orally daily. VD was started 1 week after CM and both agents were maintained for up to six 4-week cycles. The primary endpoint was the overall response rate (ORR) based on NCI-WG criteria. Secondary endpoints were event-free (EFS), overall survival (OS), and time to next treatment (TTNT). VD-25-OH and CM major metabolites; CM glucuronide (COG) and CM sulfate (COS), were measured in plasma by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Phosphorylated-NF-κB (nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells), a validated pharmacodynamic marker of CM activity, as well as VDR, were measured in CLL cells by flow cytometry. Results: A total of 35 patients (pts), 51% males, were accrued to the trial, 30 (86%) were evaluable for response. Median age was 60 years (range 45-80). Most had CLL (97%); 51% were Rai stage 0 and 49% were Rai stage 1. Cytogenetic abnormalities included del13q14 (37%), trisomy 12 (11%), del 11q22 (11%) and del 17p (3%); 20% had ZAP-70 levels >20%. Median number of cycles received was 5 (range 1-6) and treatment was well tolerated overall. The most frequent adverse effects (AE) were diarrhea/gastrointestinal upset in 69% of patients (14% were grade 3). No serious AEs were observed. Eighteen pts (51%) completed all 6 cycles of treatment; 10 (29%) withdrew consent, 4 (11%) discontinued treatment because of diarrhea, and 3 (9%) patients progressed on treatment. Best response was stable disease in 28/30 (93%) evaluable pts. After a median follow up of 29 months, EFS was 72.0% (95% CI 52.1 - 84.7%), 74.1% (95% CI 58.7-89.6%) had not started new CLL treatment, and OS was 100%. Median VD-25-OH levels were 28.75ng/ml (range 12.5-55.6) at baseline and 49.5 ng/ml (24.8-69) at 28 days. Median COG/COS levels were 15.8 (2.73-75)/6.71(0-33.5) and 18 (0-75.9)/7.21(0-35.2) ng/ml at 8 and 28 days, respectively. Flow cytometric analysis of CLL cells showed no significant change in VDR or Phosphorylated-NF-κB with CM-VD treatment. Conclusion: Curcumin and high-dose vitamin D combination is safe and well tolerated in patients with early stage CLL. Although no responses were seen, the majority of patients maintained stable disease on treatment. Longer follow up is planned on this study to determine long - term CLL progression rates of patients treated with CM-VD. Disclosures Afable: Eli Lilly: Employment. Lazarus:Pluristem Ltd.: Consultancy. Nagabhushanam:Sabinsa Corporation: Employment. Grote:BTR Group Inc: Employment. Kunati:Symrise AG: Employment.

scholarly journals Prognostic importance of serum soluble CD23 level in chronic lymphocytic leukemia

Blood ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 88 (11) ◽  
pp. 4259-4264 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Sarfati ◽  
S Chevret ◽  
C Chastang ◽  
G Biron ◽  
P Stryckmans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Overall Survival ◽  
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Disease Progression ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽  
Study Entry ◽  
Clinical Staging ◽  
Soluble Cd23

Abstract Prognosis of B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is based on clinical staging whose limitation is the failure to assess whether the disease will progress or remain stable in early stage (Binet A, or Rai 0, I, II) patients. We previously reported that soluble CD23 (sCD23), a protein derived from the B-cell membrane CD23 Ag, is selectively elevated in the serum of CLL patients. This prospective study assessed the predictive value of serum sCD23 level measured at study entry on the overall survival of all CLL patients and on disease progression of stage Binet A patients. Prognostic value of repeated measurements of sCD23 over time in stage A patients was also analyzed. One hundred fifty-three CLL patients were prospectively followed with a median follow-up of 78 months. Eight clinical or biological parameters were collected from the date of the first sCD23 measurement. At study entry, by Cox model, Binet staging (P = .0001) and serum sCD23 level (P = .03) appeared as prognostic factors for survival. Patients with sCD23 level above median value (> 574 U/mL) had a significantly worse prognosis than those with lower values (median survival of 53 v 100+ months, P = .0001). During follow-up, sCD23 doubling time increased by 3.2 the risk of death (P = .001). Among stage A patients (n = 100), sCD23 determination at study entry was the sole variable predictive of disease progression, patients with sCD23 level above 574 U/mL had a median time progression of 42 months versus 88 months for those with lower levels (P = .0001). Stage A patients who doubled their sCD23 level exhibited a 15-fold increased risk of progression (P = .0001) and, in addition, the sCD23 increase preceded by 48 months disease progression. We conclude that in CLL patients, serum sCD23 level provides significant additional prognostic information in terms of overall survival. Most interestingly, among early stage patients, sCD23 determination at diagnosis and during the course of the disease may help to the early identification of patients who will rapidly progress to upper stages.

Age-Stratified Treatment-Modalities for Patients with Primary CNS Lymphoma: Results of a Phase II Study and Two Pilot-Studies.

Blood ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 108 (11) ◽  
pp. 4683-4683
Author(s):  
Gerald Illerhaus ◽  
Reinhard Marks ◽  
Fabian Mueller ◽  
Friedrich Feuerhake ◽  
Christoph Ostertag ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Overall Survival ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Phase Ii ◽  
Phase Ii Study ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Single Center ◽  
Pilot Phase ◽  
Multicenter Phase ◽  
New Treatment

Abstract Background: Primary NHL of the CNS (PCNSL) are associated with a dismal prognosis despite initial response to steroids and radiotherapy (RT). Addition of high-dose methotrexate (HD-MTX) to RT has improved the prognosis of patients (pts) with PCNSL. However, the majority of pts eventually relapse. To improve survival we performed a multicenter phase II study with early high-dose chemotherapy (HDT) and autologous stem-cell transplantation (ASCT) followed by hyperfractionated whole-brain radiation (WBRT) for 30 pts under 65yrs. Five-year overall survival rates of 69% for all pts and 87% for 23 pts receiving HDT and ASCT could be reported (Illerhaus et al., J Clin Oncol. 2006). Purpose: Here we present the results of 1) a pilot study for HDT and ASCT with WBRT restricted to residual disease in pts ≤65 years; 2) a multicenter phase II study for MTX-based CT and 3) a pilot-study for chemo-immunotherapy in pts > 65 years. Methods and Results: New treatment regimen for pts ≤65 years: CT consists of 4 cycles HD-MTX (8g/m2), 2 cycles AraC (2×3g/m2) and thiotepa (40mg/m2) followed by HDT with BCNU (400mg/m2) and thiotepa (4×5mg/kg) before ASCT. To date, 12 pts have been treated in this single center pilot-study. After HDT and ASCT 7/10 pts (70%) responded with complete remission (CR), 2/10 pts with partial remission (PR), 1 pt showed progressive disease (PD) and died after refusing RT. The 2 pts with PR have been irradiated resulting in continuous CR. Two pts were off study due to refractory disease. After a median follow-up of 17 months (mo) (range 4–41) 9/12 pts are alive in continuous CR. One pt developed a systemic relapse and died 8 months after ASCT. Overall, the treatment was well tolerated without grade IV toxicity. Patients >65 yrs, MCP-protocol: Thirty-two pts (17 female, 15 male, median age 71 yrs, range 57–79y) were treated in a phase II trial with 3 repetitive cycles of HD-MTX (3g/m2, d1, 15, 30) combined with procarbazine (60 mg/m2 p.o., d1-10) and CCNU (110 mg/m2 p.o., d 1). There was no lower limit of Karnofsky Performance Status. Thirty-two pts received 1 cycle, 17 pts received 2 cycles and 10 pts received 3 cycles. Best documented response in 25 evaluable pts were CR in 13/32 (41%), PR in 7/32 (22%) and PD 5/32 (16%) pts. Five of 32 pts developed severe renal impairment after MTX and were treated off-study. One patient died due to neutropenic fever. With a median follow-up of 64 mo (range 0–82 mo), the 5-year overall survival probability currently is 30.5%, the median survival is 15 mo. As of July 2006 9/32 (28%) pts are alive, 8 without evidence for leukoencephalopathy. New treatment regimen for pts >65 years, R-MCP-Protocol: In a subsequent pilot-phase rituximab has been added before each MTX-application. In a single center pilot-phase, 9 pts were treated within the protocol. The response rates were CR in 4/7 (57%) evaluable pts, PR, SD and PD, each in one pt, respectively. One patient received only one dose of MTX due to liver toxicity and developed CR with rituximab as single agent. To date, after a median follow-up of 4 mo (range 0–11mo) 8 of 9 pts are alive. Conclusion: The protocols presented here are safe and show high efficacy in treating patients with PCNSL in both age-groups. The addition of rituximab to MTX-based chemotherapy is promising and warrants further investigation.

A multicentric prospective study of intensive induction chemotherapy (API-AI) in localized osteosarcoma patients: Results of a phase II trial coordinated by the French Sarcoma Group (FSG) and the FNCLCC BECT

2006 ◽  
Vol 24 (18_suppl) ◽  
pp. 9521-9521 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Piperno-Neumann ◽  
B. Bui ◽  
J. Blay ◽  
H. Roché ◽  
F. Pichon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Overall Survival ◽  
Phase Ii ◽  
Phase Ii Trial ◽  
Dose Intensity ◽  
Poor Responders ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Severe Toxicity ◽  
Salvage Regimen ◽  
The Impact

9521 Background: Based on the severe toxicity of high dose methotrexate (MTX) in adult patients, an alternative intensive chemotherapy (CT) was designed, associating doxorubicin, cisplatinum and ifosfamide in API-AI regimen. Promising results in 32 patients in a single institution study (Le Cesne ASCO 2004) led to a national multicenter phase II trial coordinated by the FSG of FNCLCC. Methods: Patients with a localized operable osteosarcoma were eligible. API-AI regimen consisted in 2 cycles every 28 days of doxorubicin 60 mg/m2 d1 and d15, cisplatinum 100 mg/m2 d1 and ifosfamide 5g/m2 d2 and d15, with equivalent dose of mesna and lenograstim after each course for 7 days. Good responders ≥95% necrosis (GR) received 2 postoperative API courses, and poor responders <95% necrosis (PR) a salvage regimen of 3 cycles of etoposide 100 mg/m2 d1 to d3 and ifosfamide 4 g/m2 d1 to d3. Results: From March 2001 to January 2004, 43 patients (male/female 28/15) with a median age of 23 years (range 17–50), were included. The median tumor size was 88 mm (13–280). All 43 patients received the preoperative API-AI regimen, with a dose intensity of ≥ 89% of the planned protocol. Toxicity was mainly haematological, with grade 3–4 sepsis, grade 4 neutropenia and thrombocytopenia observed in 12%, 79% and 49% of patients respectively. There was no severe renal and cardiac toxicity. All but 5 patients had a limb sparing surgery performed 77 days (median) after the first cycle (range 56–114 days). Intent to treat analysis showed 16/43 GR (37%). With a median follow-up of 36 months (25–48), the 2 year event-free and overall survival were 74% and 86% respectively. Conclusions: Despite the haematological toxicities, these results compare favorably with other previous induction CT schedules containing MTX in adults. A longer follow-up is required to evaluate the impact of this regimen on overall survival. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

Prospective Evaluation of Clonal Evolution During Long-Term Follow-Up of Patients With Untreated Early-Stage Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia

2006 ◽  
Vol 24 (28) ◽  
pp. 4634-4641 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tait D. Shanafelt ◽  
Thomas E. Witzig ◽  
Stephanie R. Fink ◽  
Robert B. Jenkins ◽  
Sarah F. Paternoster ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Overall Survival ◽  
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽  
Chromosomal Abnormalities ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Clonal Evolution ◽  
Prospective Trial ◽  
Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽  
Cytogenetic Abnormalities ◽  
Long Term Follow Up

Purpose Retrospective studies suggest cytogenetic abnormalities detected by interphase fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) can identify patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) who will experience a more aggressive disease course. Other studies suggest that patients may acquire chromosome abnormalities during the course of their disease. There are minimal prospective data on the clinical utility of the widely used hierarchical FISH prognostic categories in patients with newly diagnosed early-stage CLL or the frequency of clonal evolution as determined by interphase FISH. Patients and Methods Between 1994 and 2002, we enrolled 159 patients with previously untreated CLL (83% Rai stage 0/I) on a prospective trial evaluating clonal evolution by FISH. Patients provided baseline and follow-up specimens for FISH testing during 2 to 12 years. Results Chromosomal abnormalities detected by FISH at study entry predicted overall survival. Eighteen patients experienced clonal evolution during follow-up. The rate of clonal evolution increased with duration of follow-up with only one occurrence in the first 2 years (n = 71; 1.4%) but 17 occurrences (n = 63; 27%) among patients tested after 5+ years. Clonal evolution occurred among 10% of ZAP-70–negative and 42% of ZAP-70–positive patients at 5+ years (P = .008). Conclusion This clinical trial confirms prospectively that cytogenetic abnormalities detected by FISH can predict overall survival for CLL patients at the time of diagnosis, but also suggests that many patients acquire new abnormalities during the course of their disease. Patients with higher ZAP-70 expression may be more likely to experience such clonal evolution. These findings have important implications for both clinical management and trials of early treatment for patients with high-risk, early-stage CLL.

scholarly journals Prognostic importance of serum soluble CD23 level in chronic lymphocytic leukemia

Blood ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 88 (11) ◽  
pp. 4259-4264 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Sarfati ◽  
S Chevret ◽  
C Chastang ◽  
G Biron ◽  
P Stryckmans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Overall Survival ◽  
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Disease Progression ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽  
Study Entry ◽  
Clinical Staging ◽  
Soluble Cd23

Prognosis of B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is based on clinical staging whose limitation is the failure to assess whether the disease will progress or remain stable in early stage (Binet A, or Rai 0, I, II) patients. We previously reported that soluble CD23 (sCD23), a protein derived from the B-cell membrane CD23 Ag, is selectively elevated in the serum of CLL patients. This prospective study assessed the predictive value of serum sCD23 level measured at study entry on the overall survival of all CLL patients and on disease progression of stage Binet A patients. Prognostic value of repeated measurements of sCD23 over time in stage A patients was also analyzed. One hundred fifty-three CLL patients were prospectively followed with a median follow-up of 78 months. Eight clinical or biological parameters were collected from the date of the first sCD23 measurement. At study entry, by Cox model, Binet staging (P = .0001) and serum sCD23 level (P = .03) appeared as prognostic factors for survival. Patients with sCD23 level above median value (> 574 U/mL) had a significantly worse prognosis than those with lower values (median survival of 53 v 100+ months, P = .0001). During follow-up, sCD23 doubling time increased by 3.2 the risk of death (P = .001). Among stage A patients (n = 100), sCD23 determination at study entry was the sole variable predictive of disease progression, patients with sCD23 level above 574 U/mL had a median time progression of 42 months versus 88 months for those with lower levels (P = .0001). Stage A patients who doubled their sCD23 level exhibited a 15-fold increased risk of progression (P = .0001) and, in addition, the sCD23 increase preceded by 48 months disease progression. We conclude that in CLL patients, serum sCD23 level provides significant additional prognostic information in terms of overall survival. Most interestingly, among early stage patients, sCD23 determination at diagnosis and during the course of the disease may help to the early identification of patients who will rapidly progress to upper stages.

Overall Survival In Early Stage Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Patients With Treatment Indication Due To Disease Progression: Follow-Up Data Of The CLL1 Trial Of The German CLL Study Group (GCLLSG)

Blood ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 122 (21) ◽  
pp. 4127-4127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuela A. Bergmann ◽  
Raymonde Busch ◽  
Barbara Eichhorst ◽  
Andreas Buehler ◽  
Norbert Fischer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Overall Survival ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Risk Stratification ◽  
Disease Progression ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽  
Free Survival ◽  
Treatment Indication ◽  
Active Disease

Abstract Introduction Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is typically diagnosed at an early stage and a watch & wait (W&W) strategy is applied. Only when the disease progresses to a more active, symptomatic form, treatment is indicated. The prospective CLL1 trial was designed to evaluate the benefit of early risk-adapted therapy with fludarabine (F) monotherapy, and to document the natural course of the disease from diagnosis. Here we present follow-up data to assess overall survival from the time point of treatment indication. Methods At enrolment, risk stratification was performed based on bone marrow (BM) infiltration pattern, lymphocyte doubling time (LDT), serum beta2-microglobulin (ß2-MG), and serum thymidine kinase (TK). Pts were “high-risk” (HR) if they had diffuse BM infiltration pattern and/or LDT<12 months (mo) combined with TK >7.0 U/L and/or ß2-MG >3.5 mg/L at enrolment. HR pts were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to early F (HR-F), or to W&W until classical treatment indication (HR-W&W), which was also applied to all low-risk (LR) pts. Results Between 1997 and 2004, 710 pts with Binet A stage CLL were enrolled and underwent risk stratification (RS) per protocol. Median time from diagnosis to enrolment was 3.2 mo (range 0-33.7) and median follow-up time was 8.5 years (yrs) (range 0-13.9). 521 pts (73%) were stratified to LR and 189 pts (27%) to HR, of whom 93 pts (49%) were randomized to HR-F and 96 pts (51%) to HR-W&W. Median age was 60 (range 32-75) yrs, 61% were male, 34% had unmutated IGHV status; high-risk cytogenetic features (17p- and 11q-) had 3% and 8% of pts, respectively. Early intervention with F among HR pts significantly prolonged progression-free survival (PFS) (30 vs. 13 mo; p<.001) and treatment-free survival (TFS) (74 vs. 41 mo; p=0.036) but did not significantly impact overall survival (OS) (127 mo vs. not reached; p=0.75). 303 patients had received treatment due to disease progression. 23% of patients received combination chemotherapy, 22% chemoimmunotherapy, 18% monotherapy with chlorambucil, and 15% monotherapy with purine analogues. Median OS for all pts was 91 mo (95% CI, 86 to 101 mo) from start of first treatment due to active disease. Patients with high risk (HR) for disease progression according to risk stratification had a significant shorter OS from start of first treatment than patients with low risk (LR) (71 mo vs. not reached; p=0.001). Early treatment with F did not show a significant impact on survival, when patients progressed after risk-adapted F, but showed a trend to a more favorable outcome for the watch and wait arm receiving their first therapy only when they had progressed to active disease (HR-F: median OS 51 mo versus HR-W&W not reached; p=0.055). Multivariate analyses on 237 pts identified 17p-, 11q-, unmutated IGHV, ß2-MG >3.5 mg/L, and age >60 yrs as independent prognostic factors for OS for patients with progressive, active disease and treatment indication. Conclusions Monotherapy with fludarabine is not superior to the W&W approach for the management of early stage CLL pts, since early F did not improve OS or outcome following subsequent therapies. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

scholarly journals High Dose Vitamin D Supplementation Is Associated With a Reduction in Depression Score Among Adolescent Girls: A Nine-Week Follow-Up Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Afsane Bahrami ◽  
Seyed Reza Mazloum ◽  
Shahrokh Maghsoudi ◽  
Davood Soleimani ◽  
Sayyed Saeid Khayyatzadeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Depression Score ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
High Dose Vitamin

A major health problem facing immigrant children: nutritional rickets

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Erdal Kurnaz ◽  
Semra Çetinkaya ◽  
Selin Elmaoğulları ◽  
Aslıhan Araslı Yılmaz ◽  
Nursel Muratoğlu Şahin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Immigrant Children ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Pediatric Endocrinology ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Nutritional Rickets ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Long Term Follow Up

Abstract Objectives Nutritional rickets (NR) is still an important problem and one which increasing influxes of immigrants are further exacerbating. This study evaluated cases of mostly immigrant children followed up with diagnoses of NR in our pediatric endocrinology clinic. Methods Details of 20 cases diagnosed with NR between 2017 and 2020 were retrieved from file records. Results Twenty (11 male) cases were included in the study. Three (15%) were Turkish nationals and the others (85%) were immigrants. Hypocalcemia and hypophosphatemia were detected in 17 and 13, respectively. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) values were normal in two cases, while ALP and parathyroid hormone (PTH) values were elevated in all other cases, and PTH levels were very high (473.64 ± 197.05 pg/mL). 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels were below 20 ng/mL in all cases. Patients with NR received high-dose long-term vitamin D or stoss therapy. Six patients failed to attend long-term follow-up, while PTH and ALP levels and clinical findings improved at long-term follow-up in the other 14 cases. Conclusions The elevated PTH levels suggest only the most severe cases of NR presented to our clinic. Clinically evident NR is therefore only the tip of the iceberg, and the true burden of subclinical rickets and osteomalacia remains unidentified. Public health policies should therefore focus on universal vitamin D supplementation and adequate dietary calcium provision, their integration into child surveillance programs, adequate advice and support to ensure normal nutrition, exposure to sunlight, and informing families of the increased risk not only for resident populations but also for refugee and immigrant children.

Excessive Toxicity When Treating Central Tumors in a Phase II Study of Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy for Medically Inoperable Early-Stage Lung Cancer

2006 ◽  
Vol 24 (30) ◽  
pp. 4833-4839 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Timmerman ◽  
Ronald McGarry ◽  
Constantin Yiannoutsos ◽  
Lech Papiez ◽  
Kathy Tudor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Overall Survival ◽  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Phase Ii ◽  
Local Control ◽  
Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Stage I ◽  
Severe Toxicity ◽  
Stereotactic Body Radiation

PurposeSurgical resection is standard therapy in stage I non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC); however, many patients are inoperable due to comorbid diseases. Building on a previously reported phase I trial, we carried out a prospective phase II trial using stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) in this population.Patients and MethodsEligible patients included clinically staged T1 or T2 (≤ 7 cm), N0, M0, biopsy-confirmed NSCLC. All patients had comorbid medical problems that precluded lobectomy. SBRT treatment dose was 60 to 66 Gy total in three fractions during 1 to 2 weeks.ResultsAll 70 patients enrolled completed therapy as planned and median follow-up was 17.5 months. The 3-month major response rate was 60%. Kaplan-Meier local control at 2 years was 95%. Altogether, 28 patients have died as a result of cancer (n = 5), treatment (n = 6), or comorbid illnesses (n = 17). Median overall survival was 32.6 months and 2-year overall survival was 54.7%. Grade 3 to 5 toxicity occurred in a total of 14 patients. Among patients experiencing toxicity, the median time to observation was 10.5 months. Patients treated for tumors in the peripheral lung had 2-year freedom from severe toxicity of 83% compared with only 54% for patients with central tumors.ConclusionHigh rates of local control are achieved with this SBRT regimen in medically inoperable patients with stage I NSCLC. Both local recurrence and toxicity occur late after this treatment. This regimen should not be used for patients with tumors near the central airways due to excessive toxicity.

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