scholarly journals Acute Hemolysis Induces Pro-Angiogenic Molecule Production and Neovascularization In Vivo

Blood ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 132 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 3608-3608
Author(s):  
Erica M.F. Gotardo ◽  
Hanan Chweih ◽  
Pamela L. Brito ◽  
Flavia C. Leonardo ◽  
Raquel Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Intravascular Hemolysis ◽  
Blood Cell Count ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Angiopoietin 2

Abstract Background: The intravascular hemolysis associated with hemolytic disorders, such as sickle cell anemia, results in the release of cell-free hemoglobin (Hb) and heme in the circulation, in turn, inducing inflammatory processes, vascular damage and endothelial activation. Angiogenesis, or the formation of new blood vessels, involves the proliferation, migration, and reorganization of endothelial cells in response to diverse physiological or pathological stimuli. Although angiogenesis is important for tissue growth and regeneration, uncontrolled angiogenesis can result in the accumulation of inflammatory cells, together with fibrosis and ischemia, and could play a role in some of the complications of hemolytic disorders. Aim: The aim of this study was to characterize angiogenic and inflammatory responses to the hemolytic process using an experimental in vivo model of acute hemolysis. Methods: C57BL/6J male mice were submitted, or not, to an osmotic hemolytic stimulus by intravascular injection of 150μL of sterile water (HEM group) or saline (CON group). After 1, 24 and 120 h, blood was collected by cardiac puncture for cell counts and plasma Hb and total heme quantification (colorimetric assays). Hemopexin, haptoglobin, inflammatory cytokines (Interleukin [IL]-6, IL-1β and IL-10) and angiogenic factors (Angiopoietin-2, Fibroblast growth factor [FGF]-basic, Platelet-derived growth factor [PDGF]-AA, PDGF-BB, Trombospondin-4, Vascular endothelial growth factor [VEGF], VEGFR2) were quantified in plasma by immunoassay. To evaluate in vivo neovascularization, a Matrigel®/ heparin mixture was injected subcutaneously into the dorsal region of the mice, two days before the administration of the hemolytic stimulus. After five more days, the Matrigel® plugs were removed, photographed and neovascularization quantified by colorimetric measurement of Hb in the plug. Results: At 1 h after the acute hemolytic stimulus, significant increases were observed in plasma Hb and heme (0.1±0.02 vs 0.2±0.03 g/L Hb, p<0.001; 32.9±1.9 vs 50.04±4.6 µM heme, p<0.01, for CON and HEM [1h], respect., n=5), indicative of the induction of hemolysis. Haptoglobin levels were almost completely depleted at 1 h after hemolysis, but recovered and were even higher at 24 h (14.2±2.9 vs 1.1±0.3 and 34.6±2.1 ng/mL for CON, HEM [1h] and HEM [24h], respect., p<0.01, n=5), before normalizing at 120 h. In contrast, circulating levels of hemopexin were not altered at any time post hemolysis (data not shown, p>0.05). Hemolysis also elevated the white blood cell count (2.2±0.2 vs 3.5±0.3 103/µL for CON and HEM [1h], respect., p<0.05, n=5) and plasma IL-10 (4.8±0.6 vs 12.4±1.7 pg/mL for CON and HEM [1h] respect., p<0.001, n=10 and n=5) within 1h, suggesting that systemic inflammation accompanied this hemolysis. The red blood cell count did not change in the HEM group at any of the time points, nor did plasma IL-1β or IL-6 levels (p>0.05). A balance of angiogenic mediators, including growth factors and inflammatory cytokines, regulates angiogenesis; at 1 h after hemolysis, plasma levels of angiopoietin-2 were decreased (2.75±0.1 vs 2.1±0.15 ng/mL for CON and HEM [1h], respect., p<0.05, n=5), while pro-angiogenic VEFG and trombospondin-4 were significantly increased (163.1±8.9 vs 233.3±15.8 pg/mL and 148.6±4.1 vs 169.4±7.1 ng/mL for CON and HEM [1h], respect., p<0.05, n=5), by 24 h levels of angiogenic markers were normalized. In association with the alterations in the molecular angiogenic profile of mice after hemolysis, the formation of new blood vessels in dorsal Matrigel® plugs was significantly elevated during the 5 days following the hemolytic stimulus, as quantified by plug Hb content (2.0±0.3 vs 3.0±0.04 µg/mL for CON and HEM mice, respect., p<0.05, n=10, 11). Conclusions: Acute intravascular hemolysis was associated with rapid alterations in circulating angiogenic and inflammatory markers in mice. In association with this pro-angiogenic profile, in vivo neovascularization was accelerated in animals following hemolysis. These data suggest that hemolysis may be a significant stimulus for angiogenic processes, which in turn may contribute to some of the clinical complications of hemolytic diseases, including pulmonary hypertension, stroke and leg ulcers. Furthermore, the angiogenic process may represent a target for the development of therapeutic strategies in disorders characterized by hemolysis. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

Automated flagging influences the inconsistency and bias of band cell and atypical lymphocyte morphological differentials

2004 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wim van der Meer ◽  
Colin Stephen Scott ◽  
MarinusH. de Keijzer
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Atypical Lymphocyte ◽  
Blood Cell Count ◽  
Observer Bias ◽  
Reporting Practices ◽  
The Third ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Left Shift

AbstractThis study evaluated inter- and intra-observer variabilities of band cell and atypical lymphocyte differentials and the influence of instrument flagging information on resulting microscopic differentials. Five stained slides with a range of band cell counts and five with variable numbers of atypical lymphocytes were sent for morphological review by 30 technicians. No supplementary full blood cell count information was provided. Two months later, the same slides were sent, together with their corresponding analyzer reports comprising the full blood cell count, automated differentials and flags, to the same technicians. The first and second appraisals of band cells and variant lymphocytes both showed poor levels of inter-observer consistency. Observed values for all slides were very wide and suggested a high inherent predisposition to erroneous reporting practices. Analysis of category trends showed that analyzer left shift or immature granulocytes flags had no influence on observer band cell assessments as downward vs. upward category revisions were evenly balanced. The findings for atypical lymphocytes were, however, somewhat different. Two slides with no flags both showed balanced category revisions, whereas two of the three slides with atypical lymphocyte flags showed clear evidence of upward category revision. The third slide with an atypical lymphocyte flag did not show any overall category trend, but six of the seven observers who in the first examination recorded atypical lymphocyte estimates of ≤30% revised their estimates upward when the slides were examined the second time. These results suggest that morphologist access to an analyzer report and flagging information is unlikely to affect the “randomness” of band cell determinations but it may induce observer bias in variant lymphocyte estimates.

Blood Cell Count and the Presence or Absence of Infection in Venous Ulcers Treated With Platelet-Rich Plasma

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 113-118
Author(s):  
Beatriz de Oliveira ◽  
Joyce de Abreu Castro ◽  
Bruna Pires ◽  
Márcia de Assunção Ferreira ◽  
Jane Pinto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Wound Infection ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
White Blood Cell ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
P Value ◽  
Blood Cell Count ◽  
Venous Ulcers ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Case Series Study

Introduction. In general, chronic wounds are colonized by bacteria; however, when microorganisms start to multiply at higher levels, wounds can become infected, causing prolongation of the inflammatory phase and retardation of collagen synthesis and epithelialization. Objective. The objective of this study was to evaluate the presence of infection in venous ulcers after 12 weeks of treatment with autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and determine global white blood cell counts. Materials and Methods. This case series study involved a sequential sample of 17 patients with venous ulcers treated with PRP for 12 weeks. Descriptive and inferential statistical analysis was performed using the McNemar test and χ² test. Results. At baseline, 10 patients (58.8%) had wound infection. During the sixth week of treatment with PRP, only 3 patients (17.6%) continued to exhibit wound infection. After 12 weeks of PRP treatment, only 1 patient (5.9%) continued to exhibit wound infection. McNemar and χ² tests used to assess the presence of infection in the intervention group produced a P value of .0039 for a comparison of baseline and week 6 and a P value of .0078 for a comparison of baseline and week 12. These results demonstrated significant differences from baseline at both 6 weeks and 12 weeks of treatment, with greater significance at 12 weeks. There was no relationship between global white blood cell count and the presence of infection. Conclusion. After intervention with PRP, 94% of patients experienced improvement concerning the infection of ulcers.

The annual cycle of red blood cell count and haemoglobin level in the urodele Taricha granulosa on southern Vancouver Island

1974 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 487-494 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. B. Friedmann
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Red Blood Cell ◽  
Annual Cycle ◽  
Field Data ◽  
Blood Cell Count ◽  
Taricha Granulosa ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Red Blood Cell Count ◽  
Good Agreement

Appreciable, if unspectacular, seasonal variations in red blood cell count, rather than in haemoglobin levels, is shown to be a reasonable indicator of the position of (male) Taricha granulosa during the animal's annual cycle at sea level, for southern Vancouver Island.Animals collected in the field over a 17-month period yielded 274 cell counts and 363 haemoglobin values with average values of (8.0 × 104 ± 15%) cells/mm3 blood and (8.5 ± 6%) g/100 ml blood, respectively. Depressed values of these averages were encountered in late summer.Animals acclimated to laboratory conditions at 15 °C and kept for a few months gave values in good agreement with the field data.

scholarly journals PSIV-27 Peripheral complete blood cell count results in pigs are impacted by gender, sow parity, and farrowing season

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 291-292
Author(s):  
Elle Rottman ◽  
Alisun N Watson ◽  
Catherine Buck ◽  
Tsungcheng Tsai ◽  
Jeffery J Chewning ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin ◽  
Complete Blood Cell Count ◽  
Blood Cell Count ◽  
Corpuscular Hemoglobin ◽  
Cell Counts

Abstract Complete blood cell counts have been used as a diagnostic tool across many animal species including swine. To investigate the factors that cause variation in complete blood cell count results, a total of 2,284 whole blood samples were collected from 2012 to 2019 in preweaning piglets (n = 518), nursery pigs (n = 1,704), and grower pigs (n = 60). Whole blood was collected into K2EDTA blood collection tubes and assayed using an automatic hematologic analyzer within 6 hours of collection. Data were analyzed by Mixed procedure of SAS with gender, parity group, and farrowing season as fixed effects. Body weight and age of pigs served as covariances. Farrowing season was grouped into summer (born during May to October) or winter (or November to April). Pigs that were born from first, second, and third parity, and four and above parity sows were assorted into parity group 1, 2 to 3, and 4+, respectively. Barrows had a greater concentration of total white blood cells (P &lt; 0.01), lymphocytes (P &lt; 0.01), and neutrophils (P &lt; 0.01) compared to gilts. Barrows had lower mean corpuscular volume (P = 0.03), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (P &lt; 0.01), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (P = 0.02) compared to gilts. Pigs that were farrowed in the winter season had a greater concentration of white blood cells (P = 0.01), neutrophils (P = 0.01), and the percentage of neutrophils (P = 0.03), but were lower in the percentage of lymphocytes (P = 0.03) compared to pigs farrowed during summer. Pigs born to parity four and above sows obtained a greater lymphocyte count (P = 0.01), percentage of neutrophils (P = 0.02), and percentage of lymphocytes (P = 0.01). We concluded that peripheral complete blood cells count results were affected by gender, farrowing season, and sow parity.

PSII-16 Effects of Oligosaccharide-based Polymer on Blood Profiles in Weanling Pigs Experimentally Infected with a Pathogenic E. coli

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 167-168
Author(s):  
Kwangwook Kim ◽  
Yijie He ◽  
Cynthia Jinno ◽  
Seijoo Yang ◽  
Xunde Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Cell Volume ◽  
Packed Cell Volume ◽  
Blood Cell Count ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Blood Cell Counts ◽  
White Blood Cell Counts ◽  
Blood Profiles

Abstract The objective of this experiment was to investigate dietary supplementation of oligosaccharide-based polymer on blood profiles of weaned pigs experimentally infected with a pathogenic F18 Escherichia coli (E. coli). Forty-eight pigs (7.23 ± 1.11 kg BW) were individually housed in disease containment rooms and randomly allotted to one of four treatments with 12 replicate pigs per treatment. The four dietary treatments were a nursery basal diet (control), and 3 additional diets supplemented with 50 mg/kg Mecadox (AGP), 10 or 20 mg/kg of oligosaccharide-based polymer. The experiment lasted 18 d [7 d before and 11 d after the first inoculation (d 0)]. The doses of F18 E. coli inoculum were 1010 cfu/3 mL oral dose daily for 3 days. Blood samples were collected before E. coli inoculation (d 0), and on d 2, 5, 8, and 11 post-inoculation (PI). Total and differential blood cell count were analyzed by CBC test. All data were analyzed by ANOVA using the PROC MIXED of SAS with pig as the experimental unit. Supplementation of oligosaccharide-based polymer linearly (P &lt; 0.05) reduced white blood cell counts, neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils on d 2 PI, and neutrophils on d 5 PI, compared with the control. No differences were observed in total and differential white blood cell counts among AGP and two oligosaccharide-based polymer treatments except that pigs fed with AGP had greater (P &lt; 0.05) lymphocytes on d 2 PI compared with pigs fed with oligosaccharide-based polymer diets. Supplementation of low dose oligosaccharide-based polymer or AGP reduced (P &lt; 0.05) red blood cell count and packed cell volume on d 2 PI, whereas inclusion of high dose oligosaccharide-based polymer or AGP reduced (P &lt; 0.05) packed cell volume on d 5 PI, compared with the control. In conclusion, supplementation of oligosaccharide-based polymer may alleviate the systemic inflammation caused by F18 E. coli infection.

scholarly journals ESTUDIO DE LA VARIACIÓN DE PERFILES HEMATOLÓGICOS DE MURCIÉLAGOS

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evaristo Villalba-Alemán ◽  
Mariana Muñoz-Romo
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
White Blood Cell ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Systematic Research ◽  
Blood Cell Count ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
De Formula ◽  
Differential White Blood Cell ◽  
Available Information

RESUMENLa información básica sobre los perfiles hematológicos de los murciélagos es muy limitada y dispersa. Para este estudio, nos propusimos compilar la información disponible al respecto con el fin de establecer patrones derivados de su análisis. En los murciélagos, el valor medio de hematocrito se encuentra alrededor del 56%, el recuento de glóbulos rojos promedio es de 10 106/µl, el de glóbulos blancos 5,300 cel/µl, la concentración de hemoglobina 17 g/dL y el recuento diferencial de glóbulos blancos es 42% de neutrófilos, 54% de linfocitos, 2% de monocitos, 1% de eosinófilos y 1% de basófilos. La información existente corresponde a sólo 7.3% de las especies conocidas actualmente incluidas en el orden Chiroptera (1,116). En la literatura disponible no parece establecerse una distinción sexual de perfiles hematológicos. En la distribución de la fórmula leucocitaria de la mayoría de las especies estudiadas se observa un predominio linfocitario que recibe el nombre de “fórmula invertida” o “desviación a la derecha”, pese a que en algunas especies se puede observar una fórmula leucocitaria con predominio de neutrófilos, lo que se denomina en hematología humana “fórmula hacia la izquierda” o “fórmula tipo neutrófilo”.  La variación en la fórmula leucocitaria de mamíferos se puede deber a factores funcionales y/o genéticos. La información disponible para 81 especies resulta escasa para un grupo tan diverso como el de los murciélagos, por lo cual no es posible establecer patrones claros e inequívocos. Investigaciones profundas y detalladas son primordiales para ello, a fin de identificar los factores asociados a la variación en los parámetros hematológicos.Palabras clave: Chiroptera, eritrocito, hematocrito, hematología, hemoglobina.ABSTRACTGeneral information on hematological profiles of bats is very limited and scattered. For this study, our goal was to compile the available information on this topic to determine the pattern, if any, derived from its analysis. In bats, the average hematocrit (Hct) level is around 56%, the average red blood cell count (rbc; erythrocytes) is 10 106/µl, the average total white blood cell count (twbc; leukocytes) is 5,300 cel/µl, the hemoglobin is around 17 g/dL, and the averages of differential white blood cell counts (dwbc) are 42% of neutrophils, 54% of lymphocytes, 2% of monocytes, 1% of eosinophils, and 1% of basophils. The available information for bats as a group corresponds only to 7.3% of the currently valid species (1,116). In the available literature, it does not seem to exist a sexual differentiation between hematological profiles. In the distribution of the leucocitarian formula of most species of bats included here it seems to exist an important proportion of lymphocytes, know as “inverted formula” or “right bias”, although in some species it seems to be an important proportion of neutrophils, known as “left bias” or “neutrophil-type formula”. In mammals, the variation in this leucocitarian formula depends on functional or genetic factors. The available information for only 81 species of bats is insufficient for a highly diverse group, thus it is not possible to establish currently unequivocal patterns. Further detailed and systematic research is of paramount importance, to finally determine accurate causes of these values and the maintanance of these trends. Key words: Chiroptera, erythrocyte, hematocrite, hematology, hemoglobin.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Acha (Digitaria exilis) Grain Fermented with Lactobacillus Species as a Probiotic Food

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Opemipo Tomilayo Ishola ◽  
Anthony Okhonlaye Ojokoh ◽  
Odesanya Oluwayemisi
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
Lactobacillus Acidophilus ◽  
Shigella Dysenteriae ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Blood Cell Count ◽  
Freeze Dried

Aims: This study assess the effect of the fermented Acha samples in-vivo using apparently healthy and infected laboratory animals. Study Design: Acha was fermented in two forms (Local fermentation and controlled fermentation). Place and Duration of Study: Sample: Department of Medicine (Medical Unit IV) and Department of Radiology, Services Institute of Medical Sciences (SIMS), Services Hospital Lahore, between June 2009 and July 2010. Methodology: Acha was weighed into a fermenting container of 100 g and water of 1 litre was added to submerge it for 72 hours in the ratio 1:3. Microbial, proximate and mineral analysis was carried on all the samples. For 21 days, all fermented samples were used to feed rats infected with Escherichia coli and Shigella dysenteriae except for the control for in vivo study and evaluated for their probiotic potential. Also, hematological study and histopathology analysis were carried out on the small and large intestine of the Albino rats that was fed with the fermented samples. The various fermented samples were freeze dried to retain the organisms used for the fermentation. Results: Haematological study (PCV, WBC, RBC, Platelets, haemoglobin and differential leucocytes) and histopathology analysis (small intestine and large intestine) of rats from all experimental groups showed that Acha fermented with Lactobacillus acidophilus was able to rebuild shrinked and ruptured cells on the mucosal lining of the walls of the intestines. Conclusion: Acha fermented with Lactobacillus acidophilus was observed to have the best results on the weight of rats, white blood cell count, red blood cell count and probiotic effect on the intestine of the rats fed with it.

Complete Blood Cell Counts and Infection

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 305-305
Author(s):  
Walt Karniski
Keyword(s):  
Medical Student ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Medical Practice ◽  
Complete Blood Cell Count ◽  
Blood Cell Count ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Blood Cell Counts ◽  
Viral Illness

I remember reading Todd's article1 as a medical student and feeling that he had simplified medical practice considerably, by "proving" that a complete blood cell count (CBC) could accurately distinguish between any child with bacteremia and a child with a viral illness. The article by Baron and Fink2 brought that memory to mind again, and therefore necessitates words of caution. When considering the efficacy of a test, it is helpful to consider a two-by-two table as follows, in which the Baron and Fink data are presented:

Neutropenia in Children

1981 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 108-112
Author(s):  
Frank A. Oski
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
White Cell Count ◽  
White Cell ◽  
Blood Cell Count ◽  
Granulocyte Count ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Neutrophilic Leukocytes ◽  
The Absolute

Neutropenia, a decrease in the number of circulating neutrophilic leukocytes, often provides a diagnostic challenge to the pediatrician. When the pediatrician is unable to ascertain the cause of the neutropenia, pediatric hematologists are also frequently frustrated in their attempts to uncover a satisfactory explanation for the finding. The total white cell count and the absolute granulocyte count vary as a function of age as depicted in Table 1. The while blood cell count and the absolute granulocyte count are characteristically increased in the normal newborn and both rapidly decrease during the first week of life. After the first year of life, the normal neutrophil count generally ranges between 1,500 to 8,000/cu mm. Although neutropenia is conventionally defined as the presence of an absolute granulocyte count (neutrophilic leukocytes and band forms) of less than 1,500 cu mm, an increase in the incidence of infections is rarely observed until the absolute granulocyte count remains persistently below 1,000/cu mm. The black population and possibly Yemenite Jews characteristically have lower total white cell counts than age-matched control subjects. Approximately 30% to 40% of black male adults have a total white blood cell count of less than 5,000/cu mm as compared with only 7% of white males.2 Presumably the same difference in distribution of white cell counts exists in the pediatric population as well.

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