scholarly journals SOME NEWER CONCEPTS OF THE NATURAL DERIVATIVES OF HEMOGLOBIN

Blood ◽  
1946 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
CECIL JAMES WATSON
Keyword(s):  
Pernicious Anemia ◽  
Diazonium Salt ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Bile Pigment ◽  
Essential Difference ◽  
Fundamental Interest ◽  
Erythrocyte Protoporphyrin ◽  
Other Information ◽  
Derivatives Of

Abstract The transition of hemoglobin to bile pigment, at least under normal conditions, is believed to occur via an intermediate biliverdin-globin-iron (verdohemoglobin) and not over the stages of hematin and protoporphyrin. It is probable that the next step is a reduction to bilirubin with splitting off of iron. There is much reason to believe that the globin remains attached until the bilirubin passes through the liver cell, bilirubinglobin exhibiting a delayed or indirect van den Bergh reaction and not being excreted in the urine; the sodium bilirubinate of the bile exhibiting a prompt (1') van den Bergh reaction and being readily excreted in the urine. The former type is characteristic of retention, the latter of regurgitation jaundice. The appearance of bilirubin in the urine is believed to be related to the concentration in the blood of the 1' or prompt bilirubin, rather than that of the total bilirubin. It is evident that the threshold may be considerably lower at the onset of jaundice, as, for example, in hepatitis, than during its defervescence. This undoubtedly accounts for the appearance of bilirubinuria prior to recognizable jaundice in certain instances, likewise for its presence in the cases of so-called "hepatitis without jaundice." In retention jaundice marked elevation of the total serum bilirubin is unassociated with bilirubinuria; in these cases the increase of bilirubin is mainly of the delayed or indirect reacting type. Further evidence is presented of the essential difference between the 1' or prompt, and the T minus 1', or delayed and indirect reacting bilirubins. This consists of a change of the order of reaction at one minute after adding the diazonium salt. The normal upper limit of the 1' bilirubin has been shown to be in the neighborhood of 0.2. mg. per 100 cc.; figures well below this value are usually obtained. Further experience with the erythrocyte protoporphyrin in the anemias has revealed that this determination, quite apart from its fundamental interest, is at times of diagnostic value. Thus in several instances a significant elevation of the erythrocyte protoporphyrin has indicated that the initial impression of pernicious anemia was incorrect, and has led to the search for other information. Conversely, a low normal value in the presence of anemia has often correctly indicated or confirmed the diagnosis of pernicious anemia. Marked elevations have aided in confirming the presence of iron deficiency and have given some insight into the degree of its severity and chronicity. In certain cases, high values for the erythrocyte protoporphyrin have suggested the possibility of heavy metal toxicity, the existence of which has then been borne out by subsequent study.

Limited diagnostic value of total serum IgG4 measurements in adult patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 124 (2) ◽  
pp. 202-203
Author(s):  
Iago Carballo ◽  
Bernardo Sopeña ◽  
Mayka Freire ◽  
Carmen Vidal ◽  
Arturo Gonzalez-Quintela
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Adult Patients ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Serum Igg4

scholarly journals Staphylococcus által kiváltott, immunglobulin-E-alapú anafilaxiás reakciók Crohn-betegségben. Egy tünetegyüttes első leírása

2019 ◽  
Vol 160 (38) ◽  
pp. 1514-1518
Author(s):  
Éva Zöld ◽  
Zsolt Barta ◽  
Miklós Török ◽  
Pál Soltész ◽  
Andrea Szegedi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crohn’S Disease ◽  
Crohn's Disease ◽  
Immunosuppressive Agents ◽  
White Male ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Immunglobulin E ◽  
Pathological Mechanism ◽  
Microbial Analysis ◽  
Pathologic State ◽  
Derivatives Of

Abstract: Immunglobulin E (IgE)-based, irregularly recurring, severe anaphylactic reactions occurred in a 50-year-old European white male patient suffering also from Crohn’s disease. On the base of immunologic laboratory tests concerning the mechanism of the phenomenon, the idea arose whether molecules derived for certain microbial derivatives could enter the blood circulation via the damaged bowel walls in the patient with Crohn’s disease and they might act as allergens. The microbial analysis diagnosed atypical Staphylococcus in the stool. The serum level of IgE was very high. The concomitant use of targeted antibiotics and anti-allergy and immunosuppressive agents resulted in a complete remission during a couple of months. Not only Crohn’s disease has improved, but also the total serum IgE level has decreased significantly, and the unpredictable anaphylactic attacks have been completely eliminated. In Crohn’s disease, the anaphylactic complications induced by atypical microbial allergens (e.g., derivatives of Staphylococcus) can be effectively treated after the recognition of this pathological mechanism. This is the first description of such a pathologic state. Orv Hetil. 2019; 160(38): 1514–1518.

The chemistry of pyrrolic compounds. XIV. meso-Hydroxyprotoporphyrin IX and its derivatives

1970 ◽  
Vol 23 (12) ◽  
pp. 2477 ◽  
Author(s):  
PS Clezy ◽  
AJ Liepa
Keyword(s):  
Protoporphyrin Ix ◽  
Bile Pigment ◽  
General Properties ◽  
Biliverdin Ix ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Derivatives Of ◽  
Benzoate Derivatives

The preparation of the acetate and benzoate derivatives of �-hydroxy-protoporphyrin IX is described and the hydrolysis of these enolic esters examined. The general properties of these porphyrins are discussed together with the oxidation of this system to a bile pigment identical with biliverdin IX�: with regard to spectroscopic and chromatographic characteristics.

scholarly journals Diagnostic Value of Adenosine Deaminase and Its Isoforms in Type II Diabetes Mellitus

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bagher Larijani ◽  
Ramin Heshmat ◽  
Mina Ebrahimi-Rad ◽  
Shohreh Khatami ◽  
Shirin Valadbeigi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Adenosine Deaminase ◽  
Type Ii Diabetes ◽  
Diagnostic Marker ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Type Ii Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
High Hba1c ◽  
Design And Methods

Background and Aims. In the present study, we have investigated the activity of adenosine deaminase (ADA) as a diagnostic marker in type 2 (or II) diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Design and Methods. The deaminase activity of ADA1 and ADA2 was determined in serum from 33 patients with type 2 (or II) diabetes mellitus and 35 healthy controls. We also determined the proportion of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). Results. Our results showed significant differences between total serum ADA (tADA) and ADA2 activities in the diabetic groups with HbA1c < 8 (%) and HbA1c ≥ 8 (%) with respect to the values in healthy individuals (p<0.001). ADA2 activity in patients with high HbA1c was found to be much higher than that in patients with low HbA1c (p=0.0001). In addition, total ADA activity showed a significant correlation with HbA1c (r=0.6, p<0.0001). Conclusions. Total serum ADA activity, specially that due to ADA2, could be useful test for the diagnosis of type 2 (or II) diabetes mellitus.

Total serum DNA and DNA integrity: diagnostic value in patients with hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma

Pathology ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 318-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Chen ◽  
Ling-yu Sun ◽  
Hong-qun Zheng ◽  
Qi-fan Zhang ◽  
Xiao-ming Jin
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Dna Integrity ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Serum Dna

scholarly journals Antimalarial properties of orally active iron chelators

Blood ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 358-361
Author(s):  
DG Heppner ◽  
PE Hallaway ◽  
GJ Kontoghiorghes ◽  
JW Eaton
Keyword(s):  
Serum Iron ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Iron Chelators ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
New Class ◽  
Active Iron ◽  
Iron Pool ◽  
Orally Active ◽  
Derivatives Of

The appearance of widespread multiple drug resistance in human malaria has intensified the search for new antimalarial compounds. Metal chelators, especially those with high affinity for iron, represent one presently unexploited class of antimalarials. Unfortunately the use of previously identified chelators as antimalarials has been precluded by their toxicity and, in the case of desferrioxamine, the necessity for parenteral administration. The investigators now report that a new class of orally active iron chelators, namely the derivatives of alpha- ketohydroxypyridines (KHPs), are potent antimalarials against cultured Plasmodium falciparum. The KHPs evidently exert this effect by sequestering iron because a preformed chelator:iron complex has no antimalarial action. The pool(s) of iron being sequestered by the chelators have not been identified but may not include serum transferrin. Preincubation of human serum with KHPs followed by removal of the drug results in the removal of greater than 97% of total serum iron. Nonetheless, this serum effectively supports the growth of P falciparum cultures. Therefore the KHPs may exert antimalarial effect through chelation of erythrocytic rather than serum iron pool(s). The investigators conclude that these powerful, orally active iron chelators may form the basis of a new class of antimalarial drugs.

scholarly journals Identification of vitamin B12 deficiency in vegetarian Indians

2018 ◽  
Vol 119 (6) ◽  
pp. 629-635 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sadanand Naik ◽  
Namita Mahalle ◽  
Vijayshri Bhide
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Value ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Serum Vitamin ◽  
Vitamin B12 Deficiency ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
B12 Deficiency ◽  
Specific Uptake

AbstractThe prevalence of a sub-clinical vitamin B12 deficiency in the vegetarians is high. Total serum vitamin B12 concentration alone does not reliably reflect vitamin B12 status. Holotranscobalamin (holo-TC) II is a bioactive B12 fraction promoting specific uptake of B12 by cells and the circulating concentration reflects the intake of B12, whereas total homocysteine (tHcy) indicates the metabolic ability. In this study, we investigated the diagnostic value of circulating holo-TC, B12, folate and homocysteine in vegetarians who were at risk of B12 deficiency. B12-related biomarkers were measured in 119 young, healthy graduate vegetarians. None was folate deficient. As per reported definition, half were B12 deficient; 70 % of males and 50 % of females had low plasma holo-TC concentrations; and 92 % of males and half of females had hyperhomocysteinaemia. None had any clinical signs of B12 deficiency. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis demonstrated similar AUC at the B12 concentration of 100 and 150 pmol/l when holo-TC (0·777 and 0·784) and homocysteine (0·924 and 0·928) were used as variables. Cut-off value of 100 pmol/l resulted in the highest sensitivity of 77·78 % and specificity of 71·05 % with a predictive value of 19·6 pmol/l for holo-TC and a sensitivity of 82·72 % and specificity of 89·7 % with a predictive value of 21·7 µmol/l for homocysteine. The combination of B12, holo-TC and tHcy improves the diagnostic accuracy at these cut-offs, and we suggest that for the young Indian vegetarians the cut-off for plasma B12 and holotrancobalamin is 100 pmol/l and 19·6 pmol/l, respectively, and for homocysteine it is 17·6 (females) and 27 µmol/l (males) for identifying B12 deficiency.

STUDIES OF IRON REQUIREMENTS IN INFANTS AND CHILDREN

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1954 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-125
Author(s):  
PHILLIP STURGEON
Keyword(s):  
Serum Iron ◽  
Binding Capacity ◽  
Serum Copper ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Normal Infant ◽  
Iron Binding ◽  
Essentially Normal ◽  
Free Erythrocyte Protoporphyrin ◽  
Erythrocyte Protoporphyrin ◽  
Iron Binding Capacity

On an average the newborn infant serum compared to the normal adult male is hyperferremic (S.I. 193 µg./100 cc.), hypocupremic (S.C.51µg./100 cc.), and his free erythrocyte protoporphyrin is increased about two-fold (E.P. 55 µg./100 cc.). His total serum iron-binding capacity appears to be 50% or more saturated. At 12 hours of age marked hypoferremia (S.I. 46 µg./100 cc.) is present and the total iron-binding capacity as measured in this study is 100% saturated. There is slight, if any, change in the serum copper or erythrocyte protoporphyrin during the first few hours or days of life. From two weeks through one month of age an essentially normal pattern is present except for the slightly elevated (two-fold) protoporphyrin. By 4 to 10 months of age, on an average, the normal infant has the pattern characteristic of infancy, namely, hypoferremia (S.I., 50 µ. g/100 cc.), hypercupremia (S.C., 146 µg./100 cc.), reduced saturation of the total serum iron-binding capacity (12%) and elevated free erythrocyte protoporphyrin (E.P., 70 µg./100 cc.). Extreme ranges in values are found in different individuals at most ages. The suggested explanation for these findings is that on an average, the normal infant relative to the adult is totally depleted of his iron reserve and that his state of "physiologic anemia" constitutes an additional, but lesser, iron deficit.

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