Sleep Pattern in Patients with β-Thalassemia Minor.

Blood ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 108 (11) ◽  
pp. 3819-3819
Author(s):  
Turker Cetin ◽  
Sinan Yetkin ◽  
Fuat Ozgen
Keyword(s):  
Total Sleep Time ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Beta Thalassemia ◽  
Chronic Anemia ◽  
Stage 4 ◽  
Thalassemia Minor ◽  
Rem Latency ◽  
Periodic Leg Movement ◽  
Leg Movement ◽  
Normal Controls

Abstract Introduction: Although sleep disturbances, anxiety, and sadness are some of the most common symptoms in patients with chronic anemia, there is little knowledge about sleep structures in patients with chronic anemia such as thalassemia. The aim of this study is to investigate sleep structure in patients with beta-thalassemia minor. Methods: Seventeen drug free subjects with beta-thalassemia minor and age-matched healthy subjects were enrolled in the study. The patients were diagnosed by complete blood count including reticulocyte count and hemoglobin electrophoresis. In addition, blood smear, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, serum level of urea, creatinine, indirect bilirubin, lactate dehydrogenase, ferritin, folate, vitamin B12, and thyroid hormones were determined. The other causes of anemia were ruled out. Subjects also were screened for excessive daytime sleepiness with the Epworth sleepiness scale, and for insomnia using insomnia severity index. All subjects slept in laboratory for two consecutive nights. First night served as adjustment nights. The second night results were used for analysis. Their sleep patterns were compared with healthy normal controls. Sleep was recorded and scored according to the criteria of Rechtschafffen and Kales. Results: Four female and thirteen male patients (mean age, 26.1 ± 5.9 years) completed both nights of sleep recordings. In patients groups, one patient complained snoring and daytime sleepiness. Nine of them complained daytime weakness. Ten patients were anemic (Hb < 13,2 g/dL for men, <11,7 g/dL for women). In polysomnographic investigation, the patients with β-thalassemia minor showed increased total sleep time, sleep period time, PLM index and the increased percentage of REM sleep. The percentage of stage 4, and REM latency are decreased. Sleep fragmentation and periodic leg movement syndrome (PLMS) have been reported. Conclusion: The disturbances of sleep continuity was prominent finding in this polysomnographic study. They also showed decreased REM latency and the increased percentage of REM sleep, although they didn’t have major depressive disorders. Polysomnographic variables in patients with beta-thalassemia minor Polysomnographic variables Thalassemia (n: 17) Normal Controls (n: 17) Results (P value) NS: not sinificant, REM: rapid eye movement, PLM: periodic leg movement Sleep effiency 90.8±4.6 93.7±2.1 NS Total time in bed (min) 467.6±60.1 415.1±51.1 .008 Total sleep time (min) 425.8.4±65.1 388.5±49.2 .031 Sleep period time (min) 453.2.4±62.0 404.4±52.2 .012 Sleep latency (min) 9.9±9.0 8.2±5.2 NS Percentage of stage 1 (SPT) 2.5±1.0 1.8±1.1 NS Percentage of stage 2 (SPT) 61.9±6.9 64.1±7.3 NS Percentage of stage 3 (SPT) 4.8±1.9 6.5±2.4 NS Percentage of stage 4 (SPT) 8.0±6.4 12.2±6.1 .022 Percentage of stage REM (SPT) 16.3±3.8 12.5±3.4 .006 REM latency 67.9±25.0 96.8±32.5 .016 PLM index 7.4 ± 5.7 0.0 .000

scholarly journals Polysomnographic evaluation of sleep quality and quantitative variables in women as a function of mood, reproductive status, and age

2012 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 413-424
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Onset Time ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Reproductive Status ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Stage 4 ◽  
Stage 1 ◽  
Main Effects ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Normal Controls

This archival cross-sectional investigation examined the impact of mood, reproductive status (RS), and age on polysomnographic (PSG) measures in women. PSG was performed on 73 normal controls (NC) and 64 depressed patients (DP), in the course of studies in menstruating, pregnant, postpartum, and peri- and postmenopausal women. A two-factor, between-subjects multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was used to test the main effects of reproductive status (RS: menstrual vs pregnant vs postpartum vs menopausal) and diagnosis (NC vs DP), and their interaction, on PSG measures. To further refine the analyses, a two-factor, between subjects MANOVA was used to test the main effects of age (19 to 27 vs 28 to 36 vs 37 to 45 vs 46+ years) and diagnosis on the PSG data. Analyses revealed that in DP women, rapid eye movement (REM) sleep percentage was significantly elevated relative to NC across both RS and age. Significant differences in sleep efficiency, Stage 1%, and REM density were associated with RS; differences in total sleep time, Stage 2 percentage, and Stage 4 percentage were associated with differences in age. Both RS and age were related to differences in sleep latency, Stage 3 percentage, and Delta percentage. Finally, wake after sleep onset time, REM percentage, and REM latency did not vary with respect to RS or age. Overall, this investigation examined three major variables (mood, RS, and age) that are known to impact sleep in women. Of the variables, age appeared to have the greatest impact on PSG sleep measures, reflecting changes occurring across the lifespan.

scholarly journals Effect of Chlorpromazine on Rem Rebound in Normal Volunteers

1972 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 463-469
Author(s):  
J. Naiman ◽  
R. Poitras ◽  
F. Engelsmann
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Total Sleep Time ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Normal Volunteers ◽  
The Third ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Rem Latency ◽  
Main Effects

The effect of chlorpromazine on the REM deprivation rebound was studied. Five normal subjects participated in the experiment which consisted of three periods of nine nights each. The first period was without medication, the second with medication and the third again without medication. Four dependent variables — Total Sleep Time, REM latency, REM time and REM percentage — were measured in each period as follows: baseline — three nights, REM deprivation — two nights and recovery — four nights. Analysis of variance (three-way classification) was computed in order to evaluate both the main effects as well as the interaction between medication and sleep conditions. The results showed significant difference over the three conditions of sleep — baseline, REM deprivation and recovery. While there were no significant differences due to medication the replication of the measurements in the same subjects proved to be a slightly significant source of the variance of the scores in all variables except REM latency.

Sleep-Related Deglutition in Children

2007 ◽  
Vol 116 (10) ◽  
pp. 747-753 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiminori Sato ◽  
Tadashi Nakashima
Keyword(s):  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Total Sleep Time ◽  
Sleep Stage ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Vital Function ◽  
Stage 4 ◽  
Stage 2 Sleep ◽  
Normal Human ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Stage 1

Objectives: Clearance of the pharynx by deglutition is important in protecting the airway. The pattern of deglutition during sleep was investigated in children. Methods: Ten normal human children (8.6 ± 2.9 years) were examined via time-matched recordings of polysomnography and of surface electromyography (EMG) of the thyrohyoid and suprahyoid muscles. Results: During sleep, deglutition was episodic, and it was absent for long periods. The mean number of swallows per hour (±SD) during the total sleep time was 2.8 ± 1.7 per hour. The mean period of the longest absence of deglutition was 59.7 ± 20.3 minutes. Most deglutition occurred in association with spontaneous electroencephalographic arousal in rapid eye movement (REM) and non-REM sleep. Deglutition was related to sleep stage. The mean number of swallows per hour was 27.4 ± 27.4 during stage 1 sleep, 3.1 ± 3.5 during stage 2 sleep, 2.8 ± 3.3 during stage 3 sleep, and 0.9 ± 0.8 during stage 4 sleep. The deeper the sleep stage became, the lower the mean deglutition frequency became. The mean number of swallows per hour was 2.2 ± 2.1 during REM sleep. The EMG amplitude dropped to the lowest level of recording during REM sleep. Conclusions: Deglutition, a vital function, is infrequent during sleep in children.

scholarly journals Effect of Olanzapine on Clinical and Polysomnography Profiles in Patients with Schizophrenia

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Zia Ul Haq Katshu ◽  
Sukanto Sarkar ◽  
S. Haque Nizamie
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movement ◽  
Drug Exposure ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Term Treatment ◽  
Favorable Effect ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short Term Treatment ◽  
Stage 4 ◽  
Rem Latency

Acute and short-term administration of olanzapine has a favorable effect on sleep in schizophrenia patients. This study aimed to clarify the effect of olanzapine on polysomnographic profiles of schizophrenia patients during the acute phase of illness after controlling for previous drug exposure. Twenty-five drug-naïve or drug-free schizophrenia patients were assessed at baseline and after six weeks of olanzapine treatment on Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), and Udvalg for Kliniske Undersogelser (UKU) side-effect rating scale and a whole-night polysomnography; fifteen patients completed the study. There was a significant reduction in all psychopathological variables with maximum reduction in PANSS total, BPRS total, and PANSS positive scores. A significant increase in total sleep time (TST), sleep efficiency (SE), nonrapid eye movement (NREM) stage 1 duration, stage 3 duration, stage 4 duration, and stage 4 percentage of TST, number of rapid eye movement (REM) periods, REM duration, and REM percentage of TST was observed. REM latency at baseline inversely predicted the reduction in BPRS total and PANSS total and positive scores. In summary, short-term treatment with olanzapine produced significant improvement in clinical and polysomnography profiles of patients with schizophrenia with shorter REM latency predicting a good clinical response.

scholarly journals Evaluating Sleep Characteristics in Intensive Care Unit and Non-Intensive Care Unit Physicians

2011 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 1071-1075 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Ok ◽  
H. Yilmaz ◽  
D. Tok ◽  
K. Erbüyün ◽  
S. Çoban ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Shift Work ◽  
Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index ◽  
Sleep Latency ◽  
Total Sleep Time ◽  
Total Activity ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Sleep Parameters ◽  
Icu Physicians

Healthcare workers’ cognitive performances and alertness are highly vulnerable to sleep loss and circadian rhythms. The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes in sleep characteristics of intensive care unit (ICU) and non-ICU physicians. Actigraphic sleep parameters, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Epworth Sleepiness Scale and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale were evaluated for ICU and non-ICU physicians on the day before shift-work and on three consecutive days after shift-work. Total sleep time, sleep latency, wakefulness after sleep onset, total activity score, movement fragmentation index, sleep efficiency, daytime naps and total nap duration were also calculated by actigraph. In the ICU physicians, the mean Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index score was significantly higher than the non-ICU physicians (P=0.001), however mean Epworth Sleepiness Scale scores were not found significantly different between the two groups. None of the scores for objective sleep parameters were statistically different between the groups when evaluated before and after shift-work (P >0.05). However in both ICU and non-ICU physicians, sleep latency was observed to be decreased within the three consecutive-day period after shift-work with respect to basal values (P <0.001). Total sleep time, total activity score and sleep efficiency scores prior to shift-work were significantly different from shift-work and the three consecutive-days after shift-work, in both groups. Working in the ICU does not have an impact on objective sleep characteristics of physicians in this study. Large cohort studies are required to determine long-term health concerns of shift-working physicians.

scholarly journals Tasimelteon safely and effectively improves sleep in Smith–Magenis syndrome: a double-blind randomized trial followed by an open-label extension

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christos M. Polymeropoulos ◽  
Justin Brooks ◽  
Emily L. Czeisler ◽  
Michaela A. Fisher ◽  
Mary M. Gibson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Crossover Study ◽  
Total Sleep Time ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Open Label ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Open Label Study ◽  
Label Study ◽  
Sleep Complaints ◽  
Open Label Extension

Abstract Purpose To assess the efficacy of tasimelteon to improve sleep in Smith–Magenis syndrome (SMS). Methods A 9-week, double-blind, randomized, two-period crossover study was conducted at four US clinical centers. Genetically confirmed patients with SMS, aged 3 to 39, with sleep complaints participated in the study. Patients were assigned to treatment with tasimelteon or placebo in a 4-week crossover study with a 1-week washout between treatments. Eligible patients participated in an open-label study and were followed for >3 months. Results Improvement of sleep quality (DDSQ50) and total sleep time (DDTST50) on the worst 50% of nights were primary endpoints. Secondary measures included actigraphy and behavioral parameters. Over three years, 52 patients were screened, and 25 patients completed the randomized portion of the study. DDSQ50 significantly improved over placebo (0.4, p = 0.0139), and DDTST50 also improved (18.5 minutes, p = 0.0556). Average sleep quality (0.3, p = 0.0155) and actigraphy-based total sleep time (21.1 minutes, p = 0.0134) improved significantly, consistent with the primary outcomes. Patients treated for ≥90 days in the open-label study showed persistent efficacy. Adverse events were similar between placebo and tasimelteon. Conclusion Tasimelteon safely and effectively improved sleep in SMS.

scholarly journals Gender differences in BaYaka forager sleep-wake patterns in forest and village contexts

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Erica Kilius ◽  
David R. Samson ◽  
Sheina Lew-Levy ◽  
Mallika S. Sarma ◽  
Ujas A. Patel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Total Sleep Time ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Cultural Variation ◽  
Sleep Patterns ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Wake Patterns ◽  
The Republic

AbstractSleep studies in small-scale subsistence societies have broadened our understanding of cross-cultural sleep patterns, revealing the flexibility of human sleep. We examined sleep biology among BaYaka foragers from the Republic of Congo who move between environmentally similar but socio-ecologically distinct locations to access seasonal resources. We analyzed the sleep–wake patterns of 51 individuals as they resided in a village location (n = 39) and a forest camp (n = 23) (362 nights total). Overall, BaYaka exhibited high sleep fragmentation (50.5) and short total sleep time (5.94 h), suggestive of segmented sleep patterns. Sleep duration did not differ between locations, although poorer sleep quality was exhibited in the village. Linear mixed effect models demonstrated that women’s sleep differed significantly from men’s in the forest, with longer total sleep time (β ± SE =  − 0.22 ± 0.09, confidence interval (CI) = [− 0.4, − 0.03]), and higher sleep quality (efficiency; β ± SE =  − 0.24 ± 0.09, CI = [− 0.42, − 0.05]). These findings may be due to gender-specific social and economic activities. Circadian rhythms were consistent between locations, with women exhibiting stronger circadian stability. We highlight the importance of considering intra-cultural variation in sleep–wake patterns when taking sleep research into the field.

scholarly journals The feasibility and reliability of actigraphy to monitor sleep in intensive care patients: an observational study

Critical Care ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
L. J. Delaney ◽  
E. Litton ◽  
K. L. Melehan ◽  
H.-C. C. Huang ◽  
V. Lopez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Total Sleep Time ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Moderate Level ◽  
Sleep Monitoring ◽  
Clinical Trial Registration ◽  
Wake Time ◽  
Intensive Care Patients

Abstract Background Sleep amongst intensive care patients is reduced and highly fragmented which may adversely impact on recovery. The current challenge for Intensive Care clinicians is identifying feasible and accurate assessments of sleep that can be widely implemented. The objective of this study was to investigate the feasibility and reliability of a minimally invasive sleep monitoring technique compared to the gold standard, polysomnography, for sleep monitoring. Methods Prospective observational study employing a within subject design in adult patients admitted to an Intensive Care Unit. Sleep monitoring was undertaken amongst minimally sedated patients via concurrent polysomnography and actigraphy monitoring over a 24-h duration to assess agreement between the two methods; total sleep time and wake time. Results We recruited 80 patients who were mechanically ventilated (24%) and non-ventilated (76%) within the intensive care unit. Sleep was found to be highly fragmented, composed of numerous sleep bouts and characterized by abnormal sleep architecture. Actigraphy was found to have a moderate level of overall agreement in identifying sleep and wake states with polysomnography (69.4%; K = 0.386, p < 0.05) in an epoch by epoch analysis, with a moderate level of sensitivity (65.5%) and specificity (76.1%). Monitoring accuracy via actigraphy was improved amongst non-ventilated patients (specificity 83.7%; sensitivity 56.7%). Actigraphy was found to have a moderate correlation with polysomnography reported total sleep time (r = 0.359, p < 0.05) and wakefulness (r = 0.371, p < 0.05). Bland–Altman plots indicated that sleep was underestimated by actigraphy, with wakeful states overestimated. Conclusions Actigraphy was easy and safe to use, provided moderate level of agreement with polysomnography in distinguishing between sleep and wakeful states, and may be a reasonable alternative to measure sleep in intensive care patients. Clinical Trial Registration number ACTRN12615000945527 (Registered 9/9/2015).

scholarly journals A Validation Study of a Commercial Wearable Device to Automatically Detect and Estimate Sleep

Biosensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 185
Author(s):  
Dean J. Miller ◽  
Gregory D. Roach ◽  
Michele Lastella ◽  
Aaron T. Scanlan ◽  
Clint R. Bellenger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movement ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Validation Study ◽  
Slow Wave Sleep ◽  
Total Sleep Time ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Rapid Eye Movement Sleep ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Manual Adjustment ◽  
Light Sleep

The aims of this study were to: (1) compare actigraphy (ACTICAL) and a commercially available sleep wearable (i.e., WHOOP) under two functionalities (i.e., sleep auto-detection (WHOOP-AUTO) and manual adjustment of sleep (WHOOP-MANUAL)) for two-stage categorisation of sleep (sleep or wake) against polysomnography, and; (2) compare WHOOP-AUTO and WHOOP-MANUAL for four-stage categorisation of sleep (wake, light sleep, slow wave sleep (SWS), or rapid eye movement sleep (REM)) against polysomnography. Six healthy adults (male: n = 3; female: n = 3; age: 23.0 ± 2.2 yr) participated in the nine-night protocol. Fifty-four sleeps assessed by ACTICAL, WHOOP-AUTO and WHOOP-MANUAL were compared to polysomnography using difference testing, Bland–Altman comparisons, and 30-s epoch-by-epoch comparisons. Compared to polysomnography, ACTICAL overestimated total sleep time (37.6 min) and underestimated wake (−37.6 min); WHOOP-AUTO underestimated SWS (−15.5 min); and WHOOP-MANUAL underestimated wake (−16.7 min). For ACTICAL, sensitivity for sleep, specificity for wake and overall agreement were 98%, 60% and 89%, respectively. For WHOOP-AUTO, sensitivity for sleep, wake, and agreement for two-stage and four-stage categorisation of sleep were 90%, 60%, 86% and 63%, respectively. For WHOOP-MANUAL, sensitivity for sleep, wake, and agreement for two-stage and four-stage categorisation of sleep were 97%, 45%, 90% and 62%, respectively. WHOOP-AUTO and WHOOP-MANUAL have a similar sensitivity and specificity to actigraphy for two-stage categorisation of sleep and can be used as a practical alternative to polysomnography for two-stage categorisation of sleep and four-stage categorisation of sleep.

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