scholarly journals Effect of Chlorpromazine on Rem Rebound in Normal Volunteers

1972 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 463-469
Author(s):  
J. Naiman ◽  
R. Poitras ◽  
F. Engelsmann
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Total Sleep Time ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Normal Volunteers ◽  
The Third ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Rem Latency ◽  
Main Effects

The effect of chlorpromazine on the REM deprivation rebound was studied. Five normal subjects participated in the experiment which consisted of three periods of nine nights each. The first period was without medication, the second with medication and the third again without medication. Four dependent variables — Total Sleep Time, REM latency, REM time and REM percentage — were measured in each period as follows: baseline — three nights, REM deprivation — two nights and recovery — four nights. Analysis of variance (three-way classification) was computed in order to evaluate both the main effects as well as the interaction between medication and sleep conditions. The results showed significant difference over the three conditions of sleep — baseline, REM deprivation and recovery. While there were no significant differences due to medication the replication of the measurements in the same subjects proved to be a slightly significant source of the variance of the scores in all variables except REM latency.

Influence of Ear Protectors on the Sleep of Preterm Newborns: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 260-267
Author(s):  
Mônica Hiromi Sato ◽  
Mavilde da Luz Gonçalves Pedreira ◽  
Ariane Ferreira Machado Avelar ◽  
Miriam Harumi Tsunemi ◽  
Kelly Cristina Sbampato Calado Orsi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Total Sleep Time ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Controlled Clinical Study ◽  
Preterm Newborns ◽  
Current Weight

The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of ear protectors on the sleep of preterm newborns during the “quiet” times in intermediate care nursery. This was a clinical, randomized, controlled crossover study conducted in two neonatal units in São Paulo, Brazil. The sample consisted of preterm infants who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria for the study. Polysomnography and unstructured observation were used for data collection. Twenty-four preterm infants with a mean gestational age of 33.2 weeks and current weight of 1.747 g were analyzed. There was no significant difference in the total sleep time of preterm infants with and without the use of ear protectors. Newborns with lower gestational age showed a significant reduction in total sleep time with the use of ear protectors ( p < .05). The use of ear protection did not increase the total sleep time for preterm infants.

Nine, Seven, Five, or Three: How Many Figures Do We Need for Assessing Body Image?

2005 ◽  
Vol 100 (2) ◽  
pp. 488-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neala Ambrosi-Randić ◽  
Alessandra Pokrajac-Bulian ◽  
Vladimir Takšić
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Optimal Number ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Main Effects

320 Croatian female students ( M = 20.4 yr.) were recruited to examine the validity and reliability of figural scales using different numbers of stimuli (3, 5, 7, and 9) and different serial presentation (serial and nonserial order). A two-way analysis of variance (4 numbers × 2 orders of stimuli) was performed on ratings of current self-size and ideal size as dependent variables. Analysis indicated a significant main effect of number of stimuli. This, together with post hoc tests indicated that ratings were significantly different for a scale of three figures from scales of more figures, which in turn did not differ among themselves. Main effects of order of stimuli, as well as the interaction, were not significant. The results support the hypothesis that the optimal number of figures on a scale is seven plus (or minus) two.

scholarly journals Effects of plyometric and pull training on performance and selected strength characteristics of junior male weightlifter

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 120-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
İ. İnce ◽  
A. Şentürk
Keyword(s):  
Training Program ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Group Interaction ◽  
Strength Characteristics ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Jump Height ◽  
Plyometric Training ◽  
Countermovement Jump ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Main Effects

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of plyometric and pull training added an Olympic weightlifting training program (twice a week for 8 wk) on performance and selected strength characteristics in junior male weightlifter. Material: The participants [n = 34; age: 16.03 ± 0.9 y; mass: 74.78 ± 14.86 kg; height: 170.53 ± 6.81 cm] were randomized into a pull (n = 11), a plyometric (n = 12), and a control (n= 11) groups. The groups trained 6 days a week during the 8-week study period. The pull group performed four pull exercises and the plyometric group performed four plyometric exercises added to Olympic weightlifting program for 2 days a week, and the control group performed an Olympic weightlifting program alone. Analysis of variance and Magnitude-based inferences used to determine whether a significant difference existed among groups on snatch clean and jerk total (SCT), squat (SQ), back strength (BS), countermovement jump (CMJ), 30 sec. repeated jump height (RJH) and peak barbell velocity (PV). Results: The ANOVA showed a time × group interaction for SCT, BS and RJH. The MBI indicated positive changes for SCT in control group, for BS in pull group and for RJH in plyometric group. The results for the PV decrease in plyometric and pull group indicated no significant time × group interaction, but there was a significant main effects. ASK "Inserisci l'aim" \* MERGEFORMAT ASK \* MERGEFORMAT Conclusions: The results of this study showed that the addition of pull or plyometric training to an Olympic weightlifting program interfered with weightlifting performances.

scholarly journals 0487 Effects of Suvorexant on Sleep Architecture in Patients with Alzheimer’s Disease and Insomnia

SLEEP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A187-A187
Author(s):  
V Svetnik ◽  
T Wang ◽  
P Ceesay ◽  
O Ceren ◽  
E Snyder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Receptor Antagonist ◽  
Clinical Response ◽  
Total Sleep Time ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Sleep Architecture ◽  
Sleep Laboratory ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Moderate Severity ◽  
Competitive Antagonism ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Introduction Suvorexant, an orexin receptor antagonist that enables sleep to occur via competitive antagonism of wake-promoting orexins, improved total sleep time (TST) in a sleep laboratory polysomnography (PSG) study of patients with AD and insomnia. Here we report on the effects of suvorexant on sleep architecture in the study. Methods This was a randomized, double-blind, 4-week trial (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02750306). Participants who met diagnostic criteria for both probable AD dementia (of mild to moderate severity) and insomnia were randomized to suvorexant 10mg (could be increased to 20mg based on clinical response) or matching placebo. Overnight sleep laboratory PSG was performed on 3 nights: screening, baseline, and Night-29 (last night of dosing). Suvorexant differences from placebo in changes-from-baseline at Night-29 for sleep architecture were analyzed as exploratory endpoints. Results A total of 274 participants were included in the analysis (suvorexant N=135, placebo N=139). At Night-29, suvorexant improved TST by 28 minutes versus placebo (p=0.001). There were no significant differences between suvorexant and placebo in the % of TST spent in REM (1.3%, 95% CI: -0.5, 3.0), N1 (0.6%, 95% CI: -1.2, 2.5), N2 (-1.0%, 95% CI: -3.2, 1.2), or N3 (-0.6%, 95% CI: -1.8, 0.6). There was no significant difference between suvorexant and placebo in latency to REM (-5.4 minutes, 95% CI: -23.4, 12.7). Conclusion Suvorexant improves TST without altering the underlying sleep architecture in AD patients with insomnia. Support Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA

Verschillen in Taalgebruik Tussen Vrouwen en Mannen

1978 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 52-75
Author(s):  
Marinel Gerritsen ◽  
Dédé Brouwer ◽  
Dorien de Haan
Keyword(s):  
Language Use ◽  
The Social ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
Observation Method ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Ticket Purchase ◽  
Main Effects ◽  
Central Station

The methods and techniques used in sociolinguistics have been continually improved in recent years. Yet the claims that have been made about differences of degree between the language used by women and that used by men, are mostly based on the introspection method. This paper reports on a qualitative analysis of sex differences in language use by means of the observation method. On the basis of 587 utterances produced in buying a train ticket at the Central Station in Amsterdam (the Netherlands) has been investigated. vhether there is a statistically significant difference between women and men in certain aspects of their use of language which have been mentioned in the literature: the number of words to deal with a 8et task, diminutives9 civilities, forms of language expressing insecurity (repetitions, hesitations, sel f-corrections, requests for information), In addition to the independent variable of sex of speaker three other variables were introduced: sex of addressee, age of speaker (0-30, 35-60, 60+) and time of ticket purchase (rush hour or normal).The data were fed to the computer for processing according to programs of the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. 2x2x2x3 ANOVAS (sex speaker ? sex adressee ? time of ticket purchase ? age speaker) were conducted to test the significance of the main effects and their interactions for all the dependent variables which were frequent enough to warrant further processing. The results indicate that there are few significant differences between the language used by women and that used by men in this particular situation, with regard to the variables mentioned above. As a consequence, this investigation has demonstrated once again that intuitions should be considered critically. It is remarkable, however, that sex of addressee does affect almost all of the variables under consideration: all of the kind of utterances that women are characteristically supposed to use more often than men -utterances indicating insecurity and politeness - were used more often by women and men when speaking to the male ticket-seller. Consequently these results strongly suggest that anyone who wants to investigate language by means of interviews must take into account the fact that the kind of language used does not depend only on the informant, but just as much on the addressee.

scholarly journals Sleep and salivary cortisol in preterm neonates: a clinical, randomized, controlled, crossover study

2018 ◽  
Vol 71 (suppl 3) ◽  
pp. 1358-1365
Author(s):  
Fabrícia Magalhães Araújo ◽  
Mavilde da Luz Gonçalves Pedreira ◽  
Ariane Ferreira Machado Avelar ◽  
Márcia Lurdes de Cácia Pradella-Hallinan ◽  
Miriam Harumi Tsunemi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crossover Study ◽  
Salivary Cortisol ◽  
Total Sleep Time ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Preterm Neonates ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Salivary Cortisol Level ◽  
Baseline Levels

ABSTRACT Objective: Analyze the influence of ear protectors on the baseline levels of salivary cortisol and response and total sleep time of preterm neonates during two periods of environmental management of a neonatal intermediate care unit. Method: A clinical, randomized, controlled and crossover study conducted with 12 preterm neonates. The use of ear protectors was randomized in two periods. Sleep evaluation was performed using one Alice 5 Polysomnography System and unstructured observation. Results: No significant difference was observed between the baseline levels of salivary cortisol and response in preterm neonates from the control and experimental groups, and no statistical significance was observed between the total sleep time of both groups. No relationship was observed between the baseline levels of cortisol and response and total sleep time. Conclusion: Ear protectors in preterm neonates did not influence the salivary cortisol level and total sleep time in the studied periods.

Recovery of 13C in Breath from Infused NaH13CO3 Increases During Euglycaemic Hyperinsulinaemia

1994 ◽  
Vol 87 (4) ◽  
pp. 415-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Reaich ◽  
K. A. Graham ◽  
B. G. Cooper ◽  
C. M. Scrimgeour ◽  
T. H. J. Goodship
Keyword(s):  
Potato Starch ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Substrate Oxidation ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Constant Infusion ◽  
The Third ◽  
Hyperinsulinaemic Clamp ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Euglycaemic Hyperinsulinaemic Clamp ◽  
Made In

1. The effect of euglycaemic hyperinsulinaemia on the recovery of 13C in expired CO2 has been assessed in six normal subjects. Each was studied on three occasions: once with a 6 h primed constant infusion of NaH13CO3 combined with a euglycaemic hyperinsulinaemic clamp for the last 3 h (study 1), once with a 6h primed constant infusion of NaH13CO3 alone (study 2) and once with a 6 h infusion of normal saline combined with a hyperinsulinaemic clamp for the last 3 h (study 3). Measurements of 13C enrichment of expired CO2 were made in the third and sixth hour of each infusion. 2. There was no significant increase in enrichment during study 3 (3 h 0.00047 ± 0.00016 versus 6 h 0.00069 ± 0.00028 atom per cent excess) with potato-starch-derived D-glucose used to maintain eugly-caemia. 13C recovery increased in the sixth hour of both study 1 and 2 (study 1: 3 h 74.4 ± 2.0 versus 6 h 85.5 ± 2.6%, P < 0.01; study 2: 3 h 72.1 ± 2.4 versus 6 h 81.7 ± 1.4%, P < 0.01). There was no significant difference in recovery between studies 1 and 2. 3. These results suggest that increased recovery during a sequential euglycaemic clamp is predominantly time-dependent. Studies which use this technique to examine the effect of insulin on substrate oxidation should take this into account.

346 Semi-Individualized Acupuncture for Insomnia Disorder: A Randomized Sham-Controlled Trial

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. A138-A138
Author(s):  
Jerry Wing-Fai Yeung ◽  
Branda Yee-Man Yu ◽  
John Yuen ◽  
Janice Ho ◽  
Ka-Fai Chung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Sleep Time ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Sleep Diary ◽  
Linear Mixed Effect Model ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Insomnia Symptom ◽  
Insomnia Disorder ◽  
Wrist Actigraphy ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Sleep Parameters

Abstract Introduction Acupuncture is an alternative treatment for improving sleep quality and the effectiveness is thought to be optimized with an individualized approach resembling real practice. However, existing evidence is limited by methodological shortcomings due to blinding issues, standardized measures, and diagnostic procedures. It was of the present study’s interest to examine the efficacy and safety of semi-individualized acupuncture treatment on insomnia. Methods Adults with DSM-5 insomnia disorder (n = 140) were randomized with 1:1 allocation to a 4-week intervention traditional acupuncture (TA) or validated non-invasive sham acupuncture (SA). The selection of acupoints was semi-individualized by the acupuncturist. As the primary outcome, the sleep efficiency (SE) by sleep diary was assessed at baseline, 1-week posttreatment, and 5-week posttreatment. Other sleep parameters derived from sleep diary, the wrist-actigraphy-derived sleep parameters, insomnia symptom severity, anxiety, and depressive symptoms, as well as the health-related quality of life, were also evaluated. Results Although linear mixed-effect model revealed both groups did not attain significant difference in sleep-diary-derived SE and other outcome measures (all P &gt; 0.05), TA promising effect on improving insomnia symptom (within-group effect size, d = 1.13 & 1.30 at 1-week & 5-week posttreatment respectively) and also a higher proportion of subjects achieved SE ≥ 85% compared with SA (55.6% versus 36.4% at week 9, P = 0.03). Besides, subjects in TA group reported significantly greater improvement in both the total sleep time (TST) derived from sleep diary and actigraph than those in the SA group at 1-week posttreatment (difference in mean changes from baseline: sleep diary = 22.0 min, p = 0.01; actigraphy =18.8 min, P = 0.02) but not 5-week posttreatment. Conclusion This study is the first to evaluate the effect of the TCM-theory-based individualized acupuncture on sleep using a sham-control design. A 4-week semi-individualized acupuncture is able to significantly increase total sleep time with few adverse events. Support (if any) Research Grants Council of Hong Kong, Early Career Scheme (Project no.: 25101017)

scholarly journals Sleep Patterns of Urban and Rural School-going Adolescents

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-23
Author(s):  
Nitin Trivedi ◽  
Munish Kumar Kakkar ◽  
Divya Bohra ◽  
Jitendra Gupta ◽  
Yashu Saini
Keyword(s):  
Urban Area ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Total Sleep Time ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Rural School ◽  
Rural Setting ◽  
Sleep Patterns ◽  
Sleep Habits ◽  
Significant Difference

ABSTRACT Objective To analyze the variance in sleep habits of adolescents (10—18 years) in urban and rural Rajasthan. Design: Cross-sectional questionnaire-based study. Setting: Community based school survey in an urban and a rural setting. Subjects: School-going adolescents 10 to 18 years. Materials and methods A total of 565 adolescents aged 10 to 18 years were included. The questionnaire contained questions related to sleep habits. Each question was explained to the participants and their responses were noted. Outcome parameters were total sleep time. Results Out of 585 adolescents, 285 were residing in urban areas while 280 from rural areas. Total 43.3% adolescent were using bedroom for sleep only without any significant difference in rural and urban area. Alcohol consumption was seen in urban area only (n = 6) and mainly by 10 to 15 year age group. Urban adolescents on week days spend 7.15 hours of sleep while on week ends they spend 9.2 hours while In rural area week days sleep was 6.34 hours while at week ends it was 6.64 hours. So surprisingly sleep deprivation was more in rural area and there was not much variation in total sleep time in rural area on weekdays or weekend. How to cite this article Kakkar MK, Bohra D, Trivedi N, Gupta J, Saini Y. Sleep Patterns of Urban and Rural School- going Adolescents. J Mahatma Gandhi Univ Med Sci Tech 2016;1(1):20-23.

scholarly journals Sleep, evening light exposure and perceived stress in healthy nulliparous women in the third trimester of pregnancy

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. e0252285
Author(s):  
Randi Liset ◽  
Janne Grønli ◽  
Roger E. Henriksen ◽  
Tone E. G. Henriksen ◽  
Roy M. Nilsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Total Sleep Time ◽  
Light Exposure ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
The Third ◽  
Nulliparous Women

Objective Sleep disturbances are common in pregnancy, and the prevalence increases during the third trimester. The aim of the present study was to assess sleep patterns, sleep behavior and prevalence of insomnia in pregnant women in the third trimester, by comparing them to a group of non-pregnant women. Further, how perceived stress and evening light exposure were linked to sleep characteristics among the pregnant women were examined. Methods A total of 61 healthy nulliparous pregnant women in beginning of the third trimester (recruited from 2017 to 2019), and 69 non-pregnant women (recruited in 2018) were included. Sleep was monitored by actigraphy, sleep diaries and the Bergen Insomnia Scale. The stress scales used were the Relationship Satisfaction Scale, the Perceived Stress Scale and the Pre-Sleep Arousal Scale. Total white light exposure three hours prior to bedtime were also assessed. Results The prevalence of insomnia among the pregnant women was 38%, with a mean score on the Bergen Insomnia Scale of 11.2 (SD = 7.5). The corresponding figures in the comparing group was 51% and 12.3 (SD = 7.7). The pregnant women reported lower sleep efficiency (mean difference 3.8; 95% CI = 0.3, 7.3), longer total sleep time derived from actigraphy (mean difference 59.0 minutes; 95% CI = 23.8, 94.2) and higher exposure to evening light (mean difference 0.7; 95% CI = 0.3, 1.2), compared to the non-pregnant group. The evening light exposure was inversely associated with total sleep time derived from actigraphy (B = -8.1; 95% CI = -14.7, -1.5), and an earlier midpoint of sleep (B = -10.3, 95% CI = -14.7, -5.9). Perceived stressors were unrelated to self-reported and actigraphy assessed sleep. Conclusion In healthy pregnant participants sleep in the third trimester was preserved quite well. Even so, the data suggest that evening light exposure was related to shorter sleep duration among pregnant women.

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