Prevalence of Venous Thromboembolism Across Ethnic Groups in the United States.

Blood ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 114 (22) ◽  
pp. 2492-2492
Author(s):  
Steven B Deitelzweig ◽  
Jay Lin ◽  
Barbara H Johnson ◽  
Kathy L. Schulman
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Research Funding ◽  
Burden Of Illness ◽  
The United States ◽  
Hispanic Males ◽  
Thomson Reuters ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Abstract 2492 Poster Board II-469 Objective: Understanding the overall prevalence of VTE is paramount in estimating the burden of illness associated with this disease. This study aims to assess the number of VTE cases in the United States across ethnic groups based on recent data. Methods: Data from the Marketscan® Medicaid database from Thomson Reuters (Jan 2002–Dec 2005) were extracted for patients aged ≥18 years. Patients were evaluated for VTE in each year, defined by the presence of a VTE diagnosis on an inpatient claim or on ≥1 outpatient claim with evidence of anticoagulant administration. Age-, sex- and race-specific VTE prevalence rates were derived by dividing the number of VTE cases identified by the number of individuals in the underlying MarketScan populations during that time. These rates were then multiplied by 100,000 to obtain a VTE prevalence rate per 100,000. Results: In 2002, there were 276 individuals with evidence of VTE per 100,000 plan enrollees. In 2005, that number grew to 358, a 30% increase. African American males had the highest overall observed prevalence rate of 584 per 100,000 enrollees in 2002, growing to 785 in 2005 (Table). Caucasian males had the next highest observed prevalence at 457 per 100,000 enrollees in 2002, growing to 643 per 100,000 in 2005. Females generally had lower observed prevalence of VTE than males, although Hispanic females had similar prevalence's to Hispanic males (94 vs 93 in 2002, 149 vs 154 in 2005). Following multivariate adjustment for comorbidities and conditions known to be strong risk factors associated with developing VTE, African Americans were at significantly increased risk for VTE than Caucasians (Odds Ratio 1.04, 95% CI 1.00–1.07, p<0.05). Conclusions: VTE prevalence increased during the study period for the overall US Medicaid population. African Americans had the highest rate of VTE, followed by Caucasians and Hispanics. There is a need for improved VTE awareness and prevention across all ethnic groups. Disclosures: Deitelzweig: sanofi-aventis: Honoraria, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau, The authors received editorial/writing support in the preparation of this abstract funded by sanofi-aventis U.S., Inc.; Bristol-Myers Squibb: Honoraria, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Scios: Honoraria, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Pfizer: Speakers Bureau. Lin:sanofi-aventis: Employment. Johnson:sanofi-aventis: Research Funding. Schulman:sanofi-aventis: Research Funding.

scholarly journals Sickle Cell Trait and Renal Function in Hispanics in the United States: the Northern Manhattan Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole D. Dueker ◽  
David Della-Morte ◽  
Tatjana Rundek ◽  
Ralph L. Sacco ◽  
Susan H. Blanton
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Sickle Cell ◽  
Sickle Cell Trait ◽  
The United States ◽  
Genetic Mutation ◽  
Single Mutation ◽  
Increased Risk

<p class="Pa7">Sickle cell anemia (SCA) is a common hematological disorder among individu­als of African descent in the United States; the disorder results in the production of abnormal hemoglobin. It is caused by homozygosity for a genetic mutation in HBB; rs334. While the presence of a single mutation (sickle cell trait, SCT) has long been considered a benign trait, recent research suggests that SCT is associated with renal dysfunction, including a decrease in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and increased risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in African Americans. It is currently unknown whether similar associations are observed in Hispanics. Therefore, our study aimed to determine if SCT is associated with mean eGFR and CKD in a sample of 340 Dominican Hispanics from the Northern Manhattan Study. Using regression analyses, we tested rs334 for association with eGFR and CKD, adjusting for age and sex. eGFR was estimated using the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration equa­tion and CKD was defined as eGFR &lt; 60 mL/min/1.73 m2. Within our sample, there were 16 individuals with SCT (SCT carriers). We found that SCT carriers had a mean eGFR that was 12.12 mL/min/1.73m2 lower than non-carriers (P=.002). Additionally, SCT carriers had 2.72 times higher odds of CKD compared with non-carriers (P=.09). Taken together, these novel results show that Hispanics with SCT, as found among African Americans with SCT, may also be at increased risk for kidney disease.</p><p class="Pa7"><em>Ethn Dis. </em>2017; 27(1)<strong>:</strong>11-14; doi:10.18865/ed.27.1.11.</p><p class="Pa7"> </p>

Abstract 15312: Racial Disparities in Trends in Mortality From Cardiac Arrests in the United States

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (Suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anas M Al Zubaidi ◽  
Graham Bevan ◽  
Mariam Rana ◽  
Abdul Rahman Al Armashi ◽  
Mustafa Alqaysi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cardiac Arrest ◽  
African American ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Census Data ◽  
International Classification Of Diseases ◽  
The United States ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Increased Risk

Background: African Americans are at increased risk of fatal cardiac arrests, but population-based studies exploring contemporary epidemiology are not available. We sought to identify the trend in race-specific mortality from cardiac arrest in the United States. Methods: Using the multiple cause of death database, we identified all patients (Caucasians or African Americans) who died of cardiac arrest (International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision code I46.x listed as underlying cause of death) between 1999 and 2018. Age-adjusted mortality rates were standardized to the 2000 US census data, and stratified by age group (<35 years, 35-64 years, and ≥ 65 years). Results: A total of 311,065 cardiac arrest deaths were identified, with an overall age-adjusted mortality of 53.6 per million (Caucasian: 49.1 per million, African American: 90.6 per million). Overall, age-adjusted mortality decreased from 80.1 per million persons (1999) to 44.3 per million persons (2012), followed by 8.8% increase to 48.2 (2018). Between 2012 and 2018, African Americans had higher rates of increase (10.9%) compared with Caucasians (6.9%). Largest disparities in relative changes between 2012 and 2018 occurred in patients younger than 35 years (African American: 35%, Caucasians -11%), and patients ≥ 65 years (African Americans: 8%, Caucasians 4%), figure. Conclusions: Although the mortality due to cardiac arrest has declined in the US between 1999 and 2012, a recent increase has been noted between 2012 and 2018, particularly among younger African Americans. Studies should focus on identifying causes of disparities and identifying methods to reduce the racial gap.

Racial disparities in outcome among head and neck cancer patients in the United States: An analysis using SEER-Medicare linked database.

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 6051-6051 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ikumi Suzuki ◽  
Kevin J. Cullen ◽  
Ranee Mehra ◽  
Søren Bentzen ◽  
Olga G. Goloubeva
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Overall Survival ◽  
Head And Neck Cancer ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Neck Cancer ◽  
The United States

6051 Background: Despite overall decline in cancer mortality, African Americans suffer from higher mortality in most cancer types including cancers of the head and neck. These differences likely result from a complex interplay of clinical and non-clinical factors. We aim to estimate disparities in overall survival across racial groups in HNSCC in the United States. Methods: This study used SEER-Medicare linked database. We identified all patients aged 66 years or older diagnosed with HNSCC as their first cancer from 1992 to 2011. We excluded those in HMO, diagnosed by death certificate or autopsy, non-SCC, unknown race, and missing month and/or year of diagnosis. Further exclusions included metastatic disease, salivary gland cancers, receiving no treatment in the first 180 days, and unknown stage. Analytic data set included oropharynx, oral cavity, nasopharynx, hypopharynx, and larynx. Primary treatment was defined as any treatment modality received within 180 days after diagnosis. Overall survival (OS) parameters were estimated across ethnic groups by the Cox regression model stratified by site and stage of cancer at diagnosis, adjusted for clinical and demographic characteristics, and propensity score weighted. Results: Our study population included 15, 547 patients. Median OS was 3.5 years (95% CI: 3.4-3.7) across all ethnic groups. African Americans (AA) had inferior outcome with median OS of 2.0 years (95% CI: 1.9-2.3) compared to 3.7 years (95% CI: 3.6-3.8) for Caucasian Americans (CA) (p < 0.0001). This difference was seen despite AA patients receiving comparable treatments and presenting at similar stage of disease, except for cancers of the oral cavity where AA were more likely to present with advanced disease (67% versus 47%; P < 0.001). The difference was most pronounced in the oropharynx where median OS was 1.9 years (95% CI: 1.7-2.1) for AA and 3.8 years (95% CI: 3.5-4.1) in CA (P < 0.0001). AA also had consistently worse OS over time from 1992 to 2011. This study clearly demonstrated AA have inferior outcomes despite similar treatments, comorbidities, age at diagnosis, stage at presentation, tumor location, year of diagnosis and sex. Conclusions: The current study demonstrates inferior overall survival for African American head and neck cancer patients independent of primary site and treatment modalities.

scholarly journals How do older people describe others with cognitive impairment? A multiethnic study in the United States

2012 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 369-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
SARAH B. LADITKA ◽  
JAMES N. LADITKA ◽  
RUI LIU ◽  
ANNA E. PRICE ◽  
DANIELA B. FRIEDMAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Older People ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
American Indians ◽  
Chinese Americans ◽  
The United States ◽  
Vietnamese Americans ◽  
Cognitive Health

ABSTRACTWe studied how older people describe others with cognitive impairment. Forty-two focus groups represented African Americans, American Indians, Chinese Americans, Latinos, Vietnamese Americans, and Whites other than Latinos (Whites) (N = 396, ages 50+), in nine locations in the United States of America. Axial coding connected categories and identified themes. The constant comparison method compared themes across ethnic groups. African Americans, American Indians and Whites emphasised memory loss. African Americans, American Indians, Latinos and Whites stressed withdrawal, isolation and repetitive speech. African Americans, American Indians, Vietnamese Americans and Whites emphasised ‘slow thinking’. Only Whites described mood swings and personality changes. Many participants attributed dementia to stress. Terms describing others with dementia included ‘Alzheimer's’, ‘dementia’, ‘senile’ and ‘crazy’. Euphemisms were common (‘senior moment’, ‘old timer's disease’). Responses focused on memory, with limited mention of other cognitive functions. Differences among ethnic groups in descriptions of cognitive health and cognitive impairment underscore the need to tailor public health messages about cognitive health to ways that people construe its loss, and to their interest in maintaining it, so that messages and terms used are familiar, understandable and relevant to the groups for which they are designed. Health promotion efforts should develop ethnically sensitive ways to address the widely held misperception that even serious cognitive impairment is a normal characteristic of ageing and also to address stigma associated with cognitive impairment.

scholarly journals Differences in Diet Quality among Multiple US Racial/Ethnic Groups from the Mediators of Atherosclerosis in South Asians Living in America (MASALA) Study and the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA)

2020 ◽  
Vol 150 (6) ◽  
pp. 1509-1515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis A Rodriguez ◽  
Yichen Jin ◽  
Sameera A Talegawkar ◽  
Marcia C de Oliveira Otto ◽  
Namratha R Kandula ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
South Asians ◽  
Chinese Americans ◽  
The United States ◽  
Ethnic Study ◽  
Racial Ethnic

ABSTRACT Background Diet quality is an important risk factor for type 2 diabetes (T2D) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Little is known about the diet quality of South Asians in the United States, a group with higher rates of T2D and CVD compared with other racial/ethnic groups. Objective This study determined whether diet quality differs between South Asian adults in the Mediators of Atherosclerosis in South Asians Living in America (MASALA) Study and whites, Chinese Americans, African Americans, and Hispanics in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). Methods Cross-sectional data from 3926 participants free of CVD from MESA visit 5 (2010–2011) and 889 South Asian participants from MASALA visit 1 (2010–2013) were pooled. Diet quality was assessed using the Alternative Healthy Eating Index (AHEI-2010) derived using FFQs. Multivariable linear regression models adjusted for age, sex, and total energy intake were used to compare mean differences in diet quality between the racial/ethnic groups. Results MESA participants were, on average, 14 y older than MASALA participants. The adjusted mean (95% CI) scores for the AHEI-2010 were 70.2 (69.5, 70.9) among South Asians, 66.2 (66.3, 68.2) among Chinese Americans, 61.1 (60.7, 61.6) among whites, 59.0 (58.4, 59.7) among Hispanics, and 57.5 (56.9, 58.1) among African Americans. The mean AHEI scores among South Asians were 3.1 (1.8, 4.3), 9.2 (8.3, 10.1), 11.2 (10.2, 12.3), and 12.8 (11.8, 13.7) points higher compared with Chinese Americans, whites, Hispanics, and African Americans, respectively. Conclusions South Asian adults in the United States have a higher diet quality compared with other racial/ethnic groups. This paradoxical finding is not consistent with the observed higher rates of T2D and CVD compared with other groups. This is further evidence of the importance of studying the South Asian population to better understand the causes of chronic disease not explained by diet quality.

“Judge Lynch” in the Court of Public Opinion: Publicity and the De-legitimation of Lynching

2019 ◽  
Vol 113 (2) ◽  
pp. 293-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
MICHAEL WEAVER
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Public Opinion ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Public Discourse ◽  
Media Exposure ◽  
The United States ◽  
Newspaper Coverage ◽  
Geographically Dispersed ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Using Data

How does violence become publicly unacceptable? I address this question in the context of lynching in the United States. Between 1880 and the 1930s, public discourse about lynching moved from open or tacit endorsement to widespread condemnation. I argue this occurred because of increasing publicity for lynchings. While locals justified nearby lynchings, publicity exposed lynching to distant, un-supportive audiences and allowed African Americans to safely articulate counternarratives and condemnations. I test this argument using data on lynchings, rail networks, and newspaper coverage of lynchings in millions of issues across thousands of newspapers. I find that lynchings in counties with greater access to publicity (via rail networks) saw more and geographically dispersed coverage, that distant coverage was more critical, and that increased risk of media exposure may have reduced the incidence of lynching. I discuss how publicity could be a mechanism for strengthening or weakening justifications of violence in other contexts.

LINKING BLACKNESS OR ETHNIC OTHERING?

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 335-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shayla C. Nunnally
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Racial Discrimination ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Racial Socialization ◽  
Ethnic Diversity ◽  
The United States ◽  
West Indians ◽  
Linked Fate ◽  
Major Predictor

AbstractDawson (1994) submits Black linked fate is a major predictor of Black political behavior. This theory conjectures that the experiences of African Americans with race and racial discrimination in the United States unify their personal interests under a rubric of interests that are best for the Black racial group. With increasing Black ethnic diversity in the United States, however, it becomes important to ascertain how African Americans perceive linkages across Black ethnic groups. This study examines African Americans' linkages with West Indian and African peoples in the United States, referred to here as diasporic linked fate. The study tests the influence of parent-child, intra-racial socialization messages on these linkages. Results suggest that, while a majority of African Americans acknowledge Black linked fate, they distinguish these linkages based on ethnicity and have more tenuous linkages with West Indians and Africans in the United States. While intra-racial socialization messages offer some import in explaining perceived differences in Black ethnic groups' living experiences, more frequent experiences with racial discrimination, and membership in a Black organization offer more import in explaining diasporic linked fate.

scholarly journals Prostate cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-247
Author(s):  
Andrei D. Kaprin ◽  
Boris Ia. Alekseev ◽  
Vsevolod B. Matveev ◽  
Dmitrii Iu. Pushkar’ ◽  
Aleksandr V. Govorov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
United States ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Prostate Gland ◽  
Malignant Neoplasm ◽  
The United States ◽  
White Americans ◽  
Animal Fats ◽  
Increased Risk

Prostate cancer (RPP) is a malignant neoplasm that arises from the epithelium of the prostate gland gland (PJ). рак предстательной железы; клинические рекомендацииThethiology and pathogenesis of this disease remain poorly studied. Many studies are aimed at studying diet, food, hormonal impact, as well as infections in the etiology of the RLPG. The prevalence of RPL depends on ethnic and geographical features. The highest incidence of African Americans living in the United States (60% higher than that of white Americans), the least high - in the Chinese living in China [1]. In addition to racial features, the risk factors of the RPG are considering the genetic predisposition, the age of men and nutritional features. The probability of developing a PJ tumor in a man who has one of the closest relatives of the first degree of kinship (father or brother) sick of the RLPG, is 1.8 times higher than in the population. If two relatives were sick or more (father and brother or both brothers), the risk of RPG increases in 5.51 and 7.71 times, respectively [2, 3]. African Americans have an increased risk of identifying RPG, as well as a greater probability of detecting aggressive RPG [4]. Also, the risk of RLPG is rising in men who use a large amount of animal fats [5].

scholarly journals Racial/Ethnic Disparities Across Indicators of Cigarette Smoking in the Era of Increased Tobacco Control, 1992–2019

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kari-Lyn K Sakuma ◽  
John P Pierce ◽  
Pebbles Fagan ◽  
France T Nguyen-Grozavu ◽  
Eric C Leas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Ethnic Group ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Ethnic Disparities ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Racial Ethnic

Abstract Introduction This study compared tobacco use and cessation for African Americans (AA), Asians/Pacific Islanders (API), Hispanics/Latinos (H/L), American Indian/Alaskan Natives (AI/AN), and non-Hispanic Whites (NHW) in the United States to California (CA), the state with the longest continually funded tobacco control program. The purpose of this study was to identify tobacco use disparities across racial/ethnic groups across time. Methods Cigarette use prevalence (uptake and current use), consumption (mean number of cigarettes smoked per day [CPD]), and quit ratios were calculated across survey years, and trends were examined within each race/ethnic group and comparing between CA and the United States, utilizing the 1992–2019 Tobacco Use Supplements to the Current Population Survey. Results Prevalence decreased for all race/ethnic groups. Current use among CA NHW showed significant decline compared with US counterparts, whereas US H/L showed greater decline than CA counterparts. CPD decreased by approximately 30% across race/ethnic groups, with CA groups having lower numbers. The greatest decrease occurred among AA in CA (average 10.3 CPD [95% confidence interval (CI): 10.3, 12.6] in 1992/1993 to 3 CPD [95% CI: 2.4, 3.7] in 2018/2019). Quit ratios increased from 1992/1993 to 2018/2019 for CA H/L 52.4% (95% CI: 49.8, 53.0) to 59.3 (95% CI: 55.8, 62.5) and CA NHWs 61.5% (95% CI: 60.7, 61.9) to 63.8% (95% CI: 63.9, 66.9). Conclusions Although overall prevalence decreased over time for each racial/ethnic group, declines in CA outpaced the United States only for NHWs. Reductions in CPD were encouraging but the quit ratio points to the need to increase tobacco control efforts toward cessation. Implications The successes in reduced cigarette use uptake and prevalence across time for both California and the rest of the United States were observed largely among non-Hispanic White populations. Although reductions in the number of cigarettes smoked per day are a notable success, particularly among the Californian African Americans, efforts to support quitting across racial/ethnic groups, especially marginalized groups, need to be prioritized.

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