Pharmacokinetic Evaluation of a Newly Introduced Von Willebrand Factor Concentrate At Two London Haemophilia Centres

Blood ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 120 (21) ◽  
pp. 3384-3384
Author(s):  
Oliver Hegener ◽  
Natasha M Wiles ◽  
Anne Wareing ◽  
Bella Madan ◽  
Steve K Austin
Keyword(s):  
Half Life ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Advisory Board ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group B ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Type 3

Abstract Abstract 3384 Introducing new factor concentrates in VWD patients is complicated by VWD subtype and PK variability. Wilate, a VWF concentrate with a 1:1 VWF: FVIII ratio and has not yet been widely used in the UK. We conducted PK studies with Wilate, to determine its efficacy, peak VWF activity and FVIII levels, and clearance in patients with VWD. Where feasible, we compared the data with previously used concentrate (Haemate-P) handling. 17 VWD patients (4 type 1, 6 type 2, 7 type 3) from two London Haemophilia centres were evaluated. The median age was 36 yrs (range 12– 67 yrs); sex M:F 6:11; mean body weight 73 kg (range 39–122 kg). Seven were blood group O, 1 group AB, 4 group A and 4 group B. The mean dose of Wilate administered was 44 iu/kg VWF: RiCoF (range 17–61). VWF activity, VWF antigen and FVIII levels were measured pre- and post for up to 8 hrs. The mean dose of Wilate required to reach target VWF:RiCof activity level of >65 iu/dl in the type 3 VWD was 49.6 iu/kg, and 38.7 iu/kg in type 2 VWD. Of the type 1 patients mean dosing was 43.0 iu/kg. The median peak VWF:RiCoF activity was 82 iu/dl in type 3 and 115 iu/dl in type 2, and 92 iu/dl in type 1. VWF Antigen levels were 116 iu/dl in type 3, and 164 iu/dl in type 2 and 135 iu/dl in type 1. VWF handling in some individuals was suggestive of increased VWF clearance with a half-life below the suggested half-life of 12 hours. This observation indicates the importance of prolonged PK studies in individual cases. As expected, peak FVIII levels were generally higher with Wilate compared to previously used concentrate (94 iu/dl in type 3 and 82 iu/dl in type 2) but the PK profiles between the products were similar, with some inter-individual variability. In conclusion, Wilate achieves adequate VWF activity and FVIII levels and has similar PK properties to previously used concentrate. However, based on the results of this study prolonged PK assessment appears important in selected cases. Disclosures: Hegener: Octapharma AG: Employment. Austin:Baxter: Advisory Board Other; Pfizer: Advisory Board, Advisory Board Other.

scholarly journals Modified approach to the characterization of adrenal nodules using a standard abdominal magnetic resonance imaging protocol

2017 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
António P. Matos ◽  
Richard C. Semelka ◽  
Vasco Herédia ◽  
Mamdoh AlObaidiy ◽  
Filipe Veloso Gomes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Imaging Protocol ◽  
Intensity Index ◽  
Abdominal Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Phase Type ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Protocol ◽  
Type 3

Abstract Objective: To describe a modified approach to the evaluation of adrenal nodules using a standard abdominal magnetic resonance imaging protocol. Materials and Methods: Our sample comprised 149 subjects (collectively presenting with 132 adenomas and 40 nonadenomas). The adrenal signal intensity index was calculated. Lesions were grouped by pattern of enhancement (PE), according to the phase during which the wash-in peaked: arterial phase (type 1 PE); portal venous phase (type 2 PE); and interstitial phase (type 3 PE). The relative and absolute wash-out values were calculated. To test for mean differences between adenomas and nonadenomas, Student's t-tests were used. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was also performed. Results: The mean adrenal signal intensity index was significantly higher for the adenomas than for the nonadenomas (p < 0.0001). Chemical shift imaging showed a sensitivity and specificity of 94.4% and 100%, respectively, for differentiating adenomas from nonadenomas. Of the adenomas, 47.6%, 48.5%, and 3.9%, respectively, exhibited type 1, 2, and 3 PEs. For the mean wash-in proportions, significant differences were found among the enhancement patterns. The wash-out calculations revealed a trend toward better lesion differentiation for lesions exhibiting a type 1 PE, showing a sensitivity and specificity of 71.4% and 80.0%, respectively, when the absolute values were referenced, as well as for lesions exhibiting a type 2 PE, showing a sensitivity and specificity of 68.0% and 100%, respectively, when the relative values were referenced. The calculated probability of a lipid-poor lesion that exhibited a type 3 PE being a nonadenoma was > 99%. Conclusion: Subgrouping dynamic enhancement patterns yields high diagnostic accuracy in differentiating adenomas from nonadenomas.

scholarly journals There is a Correlation between Fragility Fractures of the Pelvis and a Circle-Type Morphology of the True Pelvis, but Not with Pelvic Incidence

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Matthias Spalteholz ◽  
Matthias Spalteholz ◽  
Gulow Jens ◽  
Pap Geza
Keyword(s):  
Pelvic Incidence ◽  
Fragility Fractures ◽  
Statistical Correlation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Fracture Types ◽  
Type 3

Purpose: Osteoporosis is a major risk factor for the development of fragility fractures of the pelvis (FFP). There is a lack of information about the influence of anatomical conditions such as Pelvic Incidence and Pelvic Ratio (DT/DS ratio) on this kind of fractures. Methods: This is a monocentric retrospective analysis. X-ray images of the lumbar spine and pelvis and 3D-MPR CT reconstructions of the pelvis were analysed to determine Pelvic Incidence (PI) and Pelvic Ratio (PR) in 141 fragility fractures of the pelvis. Statistical analyses were performed to examine the correlation between these spinopelvic parameters and fragility fractures of the pelvis. Results: A total of 141 fragility fractures of the pelvis (14 men = 9.93%, 127 women = 90.07%) were analysed. According to the FFP-classification we recognized FFP type 1 fractures in 19.15%, FFP type 2 in 41.13%, FFP type 3 in 8.51% and FFP type 4 fractures in 32.21%. The mean PI was 58.83º. There was no statistical correlation between PI and fracture types (p=0.81). The mean PR was 1.099. 57 patients (40.43%) demonstrated a DT/DS ratio ≤ 1.06, corresponding to a circle-type morphology. 24 patients (17.02%) demonstrated a DT/DS ratio ≥ 1.18, corresponding to an ellipse-type pelvis. A circle-type pelvis is significantly more often associated with fragility fractures of the pelvis than an ellipse-type morphology (p<0.001). Conclusion: The results of our work demonstrate a strong statistical correlation between the circle-type morphology of the pelvis (PR ≤ 1.06) and fragility fractures of the pelvis. There is no statistical correlation between fragility fractures of the pelvis and Pelvic Incidence.

scholarly journals Swept-Source Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography According to the Type of Choroidal Neovascularization

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 1272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joon Hyung Yeo ◽  
Hum Chung ◽  
Jee Taek Kim
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Neovascular Amd ◽  
Swept Source ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Type 3 ◽  
Cnv Detection

We analyzed and compared the sensitivity of choroidal neovascularization (CNV) detection according to CNV type in patients with active neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD) using swept-source optical coherence tomography (OCT) angiography (OCTA). A retrospective chart review was performed in patients with neovascular AMD. OCTA images were classified into three groups: Group A (well-circumscribed vascular complex); Group B (moderately circumscribed vascular complex); and Group C (poorly circumscribed vascular complex), according to CNV appearance. Demographic characteristics, OCT parameters, neovascularization subtypes, and OCTA image quality were analyzed to determine the effect on visualization of the neovascular complex. A total of 130 patients with CNV secondary to active neovascular AMD were analyzed. Among them, 52 eyes from 47 patients were included in the study. Eighteen eyes (34.6%) were classified into Group A, 24 (46.2%) into Group B, and 10 (19.2%) into Group C. Statistical analysis showed no significant differences in demographic characteristics or OCT parameters between the three groups. Overall sensitivity of active CNV detection was 80.7% (42/52 eyes). In 73.5% (25/34) of eyes with type 1 CNV (sub-retinal pigment epithelial type), 100.0% (9/9) of eyes with type 2 CNV (sub-retinal type), and 88.9% (8/9) of eyes with type 3 CNV (retinal angiomatous proliferation type), the vascular complex was well visualized on OCTA. OCTA provides adequate noninvasive imaging of CNV in patients with neovascular AMD, which may assist in CNV diagnosis and activity monitoring. In particular, type 2 CNV was well detected in OCTA in comparison with type 1 and type 3 CNV.

Anterior Ethmoidal Artery: A Computed Tomography Analysis and New Classifications

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Waheed El-Anwar ◽  
Alaa Omar Khazbak ◽  
Diaa Bakry Eldib ◽  
Hesham Youssef Algazzar
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Skull Base ◽  
Frontal Sinus ◽  
Ethmoidal Artery ◽  
Anterior Ethmoidal Artery ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Type 3 ◽  
Sinus Ostium

Abstract Objective to determine the anterior ethmoidal artery (AEA) anatomy and variations by computed tomography (CT) in adult and their relations to and presents new AEA classifications. Methods One hundred and fifty paranasal CT scans (300 sides) were included. Axial images were acquired with multiplanar reformates to obtain delicate details in coronal and sagittal planes. Results One hundred and forty-four AEAs canal (48%), 293 AEAs foramen (97.7%), and 229 AEAs sulcus could be detected (76.3%). The mean AEA intranasal length was 6.7 ± 1.27 mm (range: 4.24–10.6 mm). The mean angle between AEA and lamina papyracea was 105.49 ± 9.28 degrees (range: 76.41–129.76 degrees). Of them, 95.8% AEAs had an angle with lamina >90 degrees, while 4.2% had angle <90 degrees. The mean angle between AEA and lateral lamella of cribriform plate was 103.95 ± 13.08 degrees (range: 65.57–141.36 degrees). Of them, 87.5% AEAs had an angle >90 degrees and 12.5% had an angle <90 degrees. The mean distance between AEA and skull base was 1.37 ± 1.98 mm (range: 0–8.35 mm). The AEA types in relation to skull base was type 1 (0–2 mm from skull base; 64.6%), type 2 (2–4 mm; 22.2%), type 3 (4–6 mm; 11.1%), and type 4 (>6 mm; 2.1%). The mean distance between the AEA and frontal sinus ostium was 9.17 ± 4.72 mm (range: 0–25.36 mm). AEA classification according to distance from AEA to frontal sinus ostium was 17.4% type 1 (<5 mm), 41.7% type 2 (5–10 mm), 31.9% type 3 (10–15 mm), and 9% type 4 (>15 mm). Conclusion Provided AEA details improve surgeons' awareness of AEA variations in the endoscopic field and can help residents in training.

scholarly journals Infestation of parasitic rhizocephalan barnacles Sacculina beauforti (Cirripedia, Rhizocephala) in edible mud crab, Scylla olivacea

PeerJ ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. e3419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khor Waiho ◽  
Hanafiah Fazhan ◽  
Henrik Glenner ◽  
Mhd Ikhwanuddin
Keyword(s):  
Mud Crab ◽  
Mitochondrial Coi ◽  
Normal Individuals ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Rhizocephalan Barnacles ◽  
Commercially Important ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Type 3

Screening of mud crab genus Scylla was conducted in four locations (Marudu Bay, Lundu, Taiping, Setiu) representing Malaysia. Scylla olivacea with abnormal primary and secondary sexual characters were prevalent (approximately 42.27% of the local screened S. olivacea population) in Marudu Bay, Sabah. A total of six different types of abnormalities were described. Crabs with type 1 and type 3 were immature males, type 2 and type 4 were mature males, type 5 were immature females and type 6 were mature females. The abdomen of all crabs with abnormalities were dented on both sides along the abdomen’s middle line. Abnormal crabs showed significant variation in their size, weight, abdomen width and/or gonopod or pleopod length compared to normal individuals. The mean body weight of abnormal crabs (type 1–5) were higher than normal crabs with smaller body size, while females with type 6 abnormality were always heavier than the normal counterparts at any given size. Sacculinid’s externa were observed in the abdomen of crabs with type 4 and type 6 abnormalities. The presence of embryos within the externa and subsequent molecular analysis of partial mitochondrial COI region confirmed the rhizocephalan parasite as Sacculina beauforti. Future in-depth descriptions of the life cycle and characteristics of S. beauforti are recommended as it involves a commercially important edible crab species and the effect on human health from the consumption of crabs is of crucial concern.

Is the Anterior Tibial Artery Safe During Ankle Arthroscopy?

2011 ◽  
Vol 39 (11) ◽  
pp. 2452-2456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kwang-Hyun Son ◽  
Jae Ho Cho ◽  
Jin Woo Lee ◽  
Kyu-Sung Kwack ◽  
Seung Hwan Han
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Joint Capsule ◽  
Ankle Arthroscopy ◽  
Anterior Tibial Artery ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Anterior Tibial ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Type 3

Background: Pseudoaneurysm of the anterior tibial artery (ATA) after ankle arthroscopy is an uncommon complication but can cause unexpected consequences. However, its contributing factor is not fully understood. Hypothesis: Anatomic factors, such as ATA variations and the distance between the ATA and joint capsule, may contribute to the occurrence of pseudoaneurysm. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: The magnetic resonance images and medical records of 358 ankle cases were analyzed. According to locations of the ATA in relation to the peroneus tertius (PT) and the extensor digitorum longus (EDL) tendon on axial magnetic resonance imaging, patients were classified as type 1 (safe type), type 2 (increased risk type), or type 3 (high-risk type). In addition, distances between the anterior joint capsule and the ATA were measured to evaluate the thickness of the anterior fat pad, which contains the ATA and anterior compartment tendons. Results: In 336 cases (93.8%), the ATA was located medial to the EDL (type 1, safe). In 7 cases (2.0%), the ATA was located lateral to the EDL and PT tendon (type 2, increased risk); and in 15 cases (4.2%), the branching artery was observed lateral to the EDL and PT tendon and the ATA was in the normal position (type 3, high risk). The mean distance between the anterior joint capsule and the ATA was 2.3 ± 1.1 mm. Conclusion: In 22 (6.2%) of the 358 cases, the ATA and its branches were located near the anterolateral ankle portal, which introduces the risk of vascular damage during arthroscopic surgery. Furthermore, the mean distance between the ATA and the joint capsule was only 2.3 ± 1.1 mm, and thus the ATA is very close to the anterior working space of the ankle joint. Careful preoperative evaluation and an intra-articular procedure may reduce the risk of vascular complications attributable to ankle arthroscopy.

scholarly journals Effect of aging on the configurational change of the aortic arch

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Atsuhiro Kojima ◽  
Isako Saga
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Aortic Arch ◽  
Computed Tomography Angiography ◽  
Smoking Habit ◽  
Patient Characteristics ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Type 3 ◽  
The Relationship

We explored the relationship between aging and the configuration of the aortic arch using computed tomography angiography (CTA). We retrospectively reviewed CTA obtained in 140 cases. The configuration of the aortic arch was categorized into three types based on the criteria mentioned by Madhwal <em>et al</em>., and the relationships between each configuration and patient characteristics were analyzed. Anomalies of the aortic arch were also explored. Twenty patients had a type-1 aortic arch (mean age, 56.1 years), 30 patients had a type-2 aortic arch (mean age, 66.3 years), and 89 patients had a type-3 aortic arch (mean age, 71.7 years). The mean age of patients with a type-3 aortic arch was significantly higher than that of patients with a type-1 aortic arch. No significant correlations between the type of aortic arch and other factors, such as smoking habit, were seen. The configuration of the aortic arch in our study appears to be significantly affected by the age of the patients.

scholarly journals Personalization of Treatment Regimens for Active Patients: A Comparison of Hemophilia Prophylaxis Treatment Regimens

Blood ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 132 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 2484-2484
Author(s):  
Maureen Watt ◽  
Josh Epstein ◽  
Dennis Xuan
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Bleeding Risk ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Activity Profile ◽  
Treatment Regimens ◽  
Minimal Variance ◽  
Fviii Activity

Abstract Background: Personalizing treatment of hemophilia A includes tailoring the product and regimen to patient characteristics and lifestyle. Factor VIII (FVIII) pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters such as peaks and troughs, area under the curve, and time spent below a certain FVIII level may be important factors in determining risk for hemarthroses or other bleeds, particularly during periods of high activity when patients are at risk of traumatic bleeding. It is important to identify which patients may be most appropriately treated with different products/regimens. Given a lack of real-world outcomes data, modeling offers a way to estimate bleeding risk with various regimens for different physical activity profiles. Aim: This outcomes research model estimated the relative bleeding risk for different patient physical activity profiles associated with various prophylaxis regimens using standard half-life recombinant FVIII (SHL-rFVIII) and extended half-life rFVIII (EHL-rFVIII), as well as with scenarios based on a theoretical baseline FVIII activity level with minimal variance. Methods: A 1-compartment PK model (Collins, et al. Haemophilia 2011) was used to predict FVIII activity associated with different treatment regimens. For SHL-rFVIII and EHL-rFVIII, half-life (10.4 and 14.3 hours, respectively) and incremental recovery (2.37 and 2.49 [IU/dL]/[IU/kg], respectively) values were used from the PK crossover study (Konkle, et al. Blood 2015) of antihemophilic factor (recombinant) (ADVATE®, Shire, Lexington, MA, USA) and rurioctocog alfa pegol (SHP660, BAX 855, ADYNOVATE®, Shire). The model included 3 prophylaxis regimens: SHL-rFVIII 30 IU/kg every other day (EOD), SHL-rFVIII 35 IU/kg 3x/week, and EHL-rFVIII 45 IU/kg 2x/week, as well as a range of theoretical baseline FVIII activity levels with minimal variance (5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%). Hypothetical activity profiles were created using the activity categories from the National Hemophilia Foundation "Playing It Safe - Bleeding Disorders, Sports and Exercise" report (Anderson & Forsyth, 2017), where Type 1, 2, and 3 activities represent low risk of collisions, collisions might occur, and collisions will occur, respectively. The 6 profiles modeled were: Profile 1, Mon through Fri (M-F) Type 1 activity, Sat through Sun (Sat-Sun) Type 3; Profile 2, M-F Type 2, Sat-Sun Type 1; Profile 3, Mon through Sun (M-Sun) Type 2; Profile 4, M-F Type 3, Sat-Sun Type 1; Profile 5, M-F Type 1, Sat-Sun Type 2; and Profile 6, M-F no activity, Sat-Sun Type 1. Bleeding risk by activity category and FVIII level at the time of activity was estimated using odds ratios from Broderick et al. (JAMA 2012). For each regimen, the infusion schedule with the lowest bleeding risk for the activity profile was used. The model assumed each activity occurred 30 min after infusion time for SHL-rFVIII or EHL-rFVIII, but not for baseline FVIII scenarios. Relative bleeding risks were compared between regimens. Results: Patients with activity Profile 1, 5, and 6 would be best protected with EHL-rFVIII 2x/week, those with activity Profile 2 and 4 would be best protected with SHL-rFVIII 3x/week, and those with activity Profile 3 would be best protected with SHL-rFVIII EOD (Table). Although some regimens were associated with an only slightly higher risk (2-9%) of bleeding, others imposed a moderately increased risk (12-66%), and baseline FVIII activity levels conferred a higher bleed risk (48-210%) in each of the 6 activity profile types, compared with the most protective regimen. Conclusion: Considering estimated bleeding risks and predicted FVIII levels for different patient physical activity profiles, this model suggests that tailored dosing regimens with SHL-rFVIII or EHL-rFVIIII can offer a reduced relative bleeding risk during activities versus a baseline FVIII activity level with minimal variance. This highlights the importance of FVIII peaks to ensure optimal protection levels during activity. Personalized treatment using different products and regimens that take into account the patient's level of physical activity may help to optimize protection from bleeding. Further study of bleed-event rates during different physical activities would be of value for the hemophilia community. Disclosures Watt: Shire: Employment, Equity Ownership. Epstein:Stratevi: Employment, Equity Ownership. Xuan:Stratevi: Employment.

scholarly journals Computed Tomography Analysis of the Ethmoid Roof: A Region at Risk in Endoscopic Sinus Injury

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 108-115
Author(s):  
Pra Urusopone
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Facial Bones ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Type 3 ◽  
Tomography Analysis

Objective: To determine the olfactory fossa depth according to the Keros classification and determine the incidence of asymmetry in height and configuration of the ethmoid roof. Materials and Methods: Retrospective analysis of 75 coronal computed tomography studies of paranasal sinuses and facial bones were performed. Measurement of the depth of the lateral lamella, classification of the depth according to Keros type and determination of the asymmetries in the ethmoid roof depth and configuration were done. Results: The mean height of the lateral lamella cribiform plate (LLCP) was 2.15+1.29 mm. The cases were classified as 87.33% Keros type1 and 12.67 % as Keros type 2. No Keros type 3 was found .There was asymmetry in the LLCP height of 33.33% of cases and a configuration asymmetry in 8% of the cases. No significant difference between the mean height and distribution of Keros type between gender and laterality were also found. Conclusion: As regards the olfactory fossa depth, the Keros type 1 was most frequently found. Asymmetry in the depth and configuration were detected in 33.33 and 8% respectively. Risk of inadvertent intracranial entry through the lateral lamella among Thai may be lower than other studies with majority of cases classified as Keros type 2 or 3.

scholarly journals Surgical results for hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhagesdepending on intervention timing

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 36-43
Author(s):  
Vladimir G. Dashyan ◽  
Ivan M. Godkov ◽  
Leonid V. Prokop’ev ◽  
Andrey A. Grin ◽  
Vladimir V. Krylov
Keyword(s):  
Disease Onset ◽  
Haemorrhagic Stroke ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Intracerebral Haematoma ◽  
Intracranial Hemorrhages ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Type 3 ◽  
Mean Time

Study aim. To analyse the surgical outcomes in patients with haemorrhagic stroke depending on the timing of surgery. Materials and methods. We performed a retrospective analysis of 500 patients (335 (67%) men and 165 (33%) women), who underwent surgical treatment of hypertensive intracranial hemorrhages at the N.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Medicine between 1997 and 2020. The mean patient age was 53.1 12.2 years. The mean time until surgery was 3.3 2.6 days. Outcomes were assessed on day 30 from disease onset using the modified Rankin Scale (mRS). Results. In the total sample, outcomes as measured by the mRS were as follows: type 0 84 (16.8%) patients, type 1 37 (7.4%), type 2 46 (9.2%), type 3 38 (7.6%), type 4 43 (8.6%), type 5 142 (28.4%) and type 6 110 (22.0%). Treatment results were better when surgery was delayed (2 = 64.4; p 0.00001). Mortality was 36.4% after surgery conducted in the first day after haemorrhage, while mRS scores of 02 made up 18.6%. Mortality was 20.4% after surgery conducted on the second or third day, and mRS scores of 02 made up 29.6%. Mortality was 17.4% after surgery conducted on day 47, and mRS scores of 02 outcomes were present in 49.0% of subjects. Mortality was 8.8% when surgery was performed on day 8 or later, and favourable outcomes were present in 48.5% of patients. Conclusion. Intracerebral haematoma excision on day 23 leads to better outcomes in patients with reduced levels of alertness up to sopor, while surgery after day 3 leads to better results in alert patients and those with obtundation.

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