scholarly journals Studies on Cross Circulation in Man

Blood ◽  
1951 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 487-503 ◽  
Author(s):  
HOWARD R. BIERMAN ◽  
RALPH L. BYRON ◽  
KEITH H. KELLY ◽  
KENNETH S. DOD ◽  
PATRICE M. BLACK
Keyword(s):  
Whole Blood ◽  
Marked Decrease ◽  
Leukocyte Count ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Myeloid Cells ◽  
Myelogenous Leukemia ◽  
Removal Mechanism ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Cross Matching

Abstract 1. Methods for continuous intervenous, arterial venous, and interarterial cross transfusions in man have been developed and a total of seven procedures have been successfully performed. 2. The interarterial method was preferred for an investigation of the pulmonary leukocyte removal mechanism and has been carried on for as long as twenty-six hours exchanging 150 liters of whole blood both to and from each participant. 3. On three occasions within twelve hours after the cross transfusions were terminated, a marked decrease in the leukocyte count occurred in 1 leukemic participant. Marked generalized improvement in the leukemic status occurred after each drop in the leukocyte count. 4. By cross transfusing an adult with myelogenous leukemia and a child with lymphogenous leukemia it was possible to pass myeloid cells through the pulmonary leukocyte removal mechanism into the circulation of the patient with lymphogenous leukemia. 5. An excessive leukocyte removal mechanism was demonstrated during another cross transfusion by a patient with sub-leukemic lymphogenous leukemia. 6. Cross transfusion in man is experimental and offers a technic of value as an investigative method for the study of formed elements and chemical constituents of the blood under these circumstances. 7. Careful cross matching for compatability of blood and Rh type is essential and the hazards and risks of the procedure have been emphasized.

scholarly journals Urate-induced epigenetic modifications in myeloid cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Badii ◽  
O. I. Gaal ◽  
M. C. Cleophas ◽  
V. Klück ◽  
R. Davar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Human Peripheral Blood ◽  
Myeloid Cells ◽  
Cytokine Signaling ◽  
Human Monocytes ◽  
Methylation Array ◽  
Histone 3 ◽  
Msu Crystals

Abstract Objectives Hyperuricemia is a metabolic condition central to gout pathogenesis. Urate exposure primes human monocytes towards a higher capacity to produce and release IL-1β. In this study, we assessed the epigenetic processes associated to urate-mediated hyper-responsiveness. Methods Freshly isolated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells or enriched monocytes were pre-treated with solubilized urate and stimulated with LPS with or without monosodium urate (MSU) crystals. Cytokine production was determined by ELISA. Histone epigenetic marks were assessed by sequencing immunoprecipitated chromatin. Mice were injected intraarticularly with MSU crystals and palmitate after inhibition of uricase and urate administration in the presence or absence of methylthioadenosine. DNA methylation was assessed by methylation array in whole blood of 76 participants with normouricemia or hyperuricemia. Results High concentrations of urate enhanced the inflammatory response in vitro in human cells and in vivo in mice, and broad-spectrum methylation inhibitors reversed this effect. Assessment of histone 3 lysine 4 trimethylation (H3K4me3) and histone 3 lysine 27 acetylation (H3K27ac) revealed differences in urate-primed monocytes compared to controls. Differentially methylated regions (e.g. HLA-G, IFITM3, PRKAB2) were found in people with hyperuricemia compared to normouricemia in genes relevant for inflammatory cytokine signaling. Conclusion Urate alters the epigenetic landscape in selected human monocytes or whole blood of people with hyperuricemia compared to normouricemia. Both histone modifications and DNA methylation show differences depending on urate exposure. Subject to replication and validation, epigenetic changes in myeloid cells may be a therapeutic target in gout.

Selection of Blood (Packed RBCs) for Transfusion in Newborn Baby up to the Age of 4 Months

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-40
Author(s):  
Ghulam Mostafa Khan
Keyword(s):  
Blood Group ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Placental Transfer ◽  
Newborn Baby ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Proper Selection ◽  
Group A ◽  
Cross Matching ◽  
Packed Rbcs ◽  
Selection Of

Proper selection of donor’s blood group is essential to prevent transfusion hazards. It is known that ABO antigen is fully developed at birth but the newborn baby does not produce ABO antibodies until 3 to 6 months of age. The ABO antibodies present in the serum of newborn babies are derived from mother’s blood due to placental transfer. So the blood group of the newborn baby is done by ABO antigen grouping (forward grouping) only, antibody grouping (reverse grouping) is not required. In case of transfusion of blood in newborn under 4 months of age, cross-matching of donor’s blood is done with the mother’s blood if it is available. We know, recipient’s same group of blood is always preferable in case of transfusion in adults or older children. But selection of blood for transfusion in the infants under 4 months of age depends on the mother’s blood group as well. If the mother’s blood group differs from the infant’s blood group, the infant’s same group of blood may not be selected for transfusion. For example, if the mother’s blood group is “O” and the newborn blood group is “A” or “B”, infant’s same group “A” or “B” group blood could not be transfused, because the anti-A & anti-B antibodies can be derived in the infant’s serum from mother’s blood which may react with the “A” or “B” antigen of the donor’s blood. In this case “O” group packed RBCs should be selected for transfusion. “O” group whole blood may contain IgG anti-A and anti-B antibodies in the plasma which can react with the “A” or “B” antigen of the infant’s blood. So to avoid anti-A & anti-B antibodies in “O” group, plasma should be discarded and the packed RBCs should be transfused. In case of Rh-negative mother with Rh positive baby, Rh antibody may develop in mother’s blood and Rh antibody may enter into baby’s circulation, in this case the infant should be transfused with Rh-negative blood to avoid Rh antigen & antibody reaction. So for the selection of blood for transfusion in newborn baby up to the age of 4 months mother’s blood group is important to select the appropriate blood. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jemc.v1i1.11138J Enam Med Col 2011; 1(1): 36-40

scholarly journals Diadenosine 5',5'''-p1,p4-tetraphosphate deficiency in blood platelets of the Chediak-Higashi syndrome

Blood ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 735-737 ◽  
Author(s):  
BK Kim ◽  
FC Chao ◽  
R Leavitt ◽  
AS Fauci ◽  
KM Meyers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Whole Blood ◽  
Marked Decrease ◽  
Blood Platelets ◽  
Human Platelets ◽  
Dense Granule ◽  
Atp Level ◽  
Dense Granules ◽  
Moderate Reduction ◽  
Normal Human ◽  
Chediak Higashi Syndrome

Abstract Diadenosine tetraphosphate (AP4A) is an unusual nucleotide found in a variety of cells, including platelets. It has been suggested that platelet AP4A is stored in the dense granules and is metabolically inactive. We have studied the AP4A content of blood platelets in two patients and three cattle with Chediak-Higashi syndrome (CHS), a hereditary platelet defect with dense granule deficiency. Acid-soluble extractions of whole blood and platelets were neutralized. The adenosine triphosphate (ATP) level was measured by luminescence technique. To measure the AP4A content, the neutralized extract was treated with phosphomonoesterase for removal of ATP. The AP4A content was then measured by coupling the phosphodiesterase and luciferase reaction. The AP4A content was 0.43 nmol/mg protein for normal human platelets and 0.004 nmol/mg protein for CHS platelets. The ATP/AP4A ratio was 67 for normal and 3,023 for CHS platelets. The whole blood AP4A was reduced by 89% in CHS patients who had only a slight decrease in ATP level (26% reduction). Similarly, bovine platelets with CHS showed a marked decrease of AP4A content and a moderate reduction of the ATP level. The platelet ATP/AP4A ratio was 351 and 3,133 for normal and CHS cattle, respectively. Results demonstrate a marked reduction of AP4A in CHS platelets and suggest that AP4A may be a useful marker for the measurement of dense granule content in platelets.

scholarly journals Transcript synthesis and surface expression of the interleukin-2 receptor (alpha-, beta-, and gamma-chain) by normal and malignant myeloid cells

Blood ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 87 (6) ◽  
pp. 2419-2427 ◽  
Author(s):  
RR Schumann ◽  
T Nakarai ◽  
HJ Gruss ◽  
MA Brach ◽  
U von Arnim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Tyrosine Phosphorylation ◽  
Interleukin 2 ◽  
Myeloid Cells ◽  
Janus Kinase ◽  
Myelogenous Leukemia ◽  
Common Finding ◽  
Receptor Alpha ◽  
Interleukin 2 Receptor ◽  
Alpha Beta

Expression of the interleukin-2 receptor alpha-(IL-2Ralpha-), IL-2Rbeta- , and the recently identified IL-2Rgamma-chain was examined on a wide range of cells of myeloid origin including neutrophils, monocytes, normal bone marrow-derived myeloid progenitors enriched for CD34+ cells, bone marrow blasts obtained from acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) patients, and permanent myeloid leukemia cell lines by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and surface membrane analysis using receptor chain-specific monoclonal antibodies and flow cytometry. Expression of the p75 IL-2Rbeta- and the p64 IL-2Rgamma-chain was a common finding in most of the myeloid cell samples investigated, whereas IL-2Ralpha-chain was less frequently expressed. Although the high-affinity IL-2R form (ie, the alpha+, beta+, gamma+ IL-2R form) was detectable in a small minority of primary AML samples as well as the KG- 1 cell line and IL-2 binding to these cells was sufficient to initiate signal transduction as evidenced by an increase in overall protein tyrosine phosphorylation and more specifically in tyrosine phosphorylation of the Janus kinase (JAK) 3, in none of these cell types did exposure to IL-2 affect cell growth kinetics. These results suggest that, in myeloid cells, the IL-2R may not stimulate mitogenic responses or that its components may be expressed in a combinational association with receptors for other cytokines and that IL-2Rgamma may play a regulatory role in normal and malignant myelopoiesis possibly independent from IL-2. Because recent studies by others have indicated that the IL-2Rgamma- chain may be shared by the IL-4R, the IL-7R, and most likely the IL-9R, expression of mRNA of these receptor types was also investigated in these cell samples. Surprisingly, in a substantial part of the myeloid lineage cells examined, an IL-2Rgamma+, IL-4R-, IL7R- configuration was noted that was, however, frequently associated with expression of IL-9R. Sharing of IL-9R/IL-2R components was furthermore suggested by inhibition of 125I-IL-2 binding to primary AML cells with excess of unlabeled IL-9.

The t(3;21) Fusion Product, AML1/Evi-1, Interacts With Smad3 and Blocks Transforming Growth Factor-β–Mediated Growth Inhibition of Myeloid Cells

Blood ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 92 (11) ◽  
pp. 4003-4012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mineo Kurokawa ◽  
Kinuko Mitani ◽  
Yoichi Imai ◽  
Seishi Ogawa ◽  
Yoshio Yazaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Zinc Finger ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Hematopoietic Cells ◽  
Myeloid Cells ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor Β ◽  
Myelogenous Leukemia ◽  
Zinc Finger Domain ◽  
Growth Inhibitory ◽  
Inhibitory Signaling

Abstract The t(3;21)(q26;q22) chromosomal translocation associated with blastic crisis of chronic myelogenous leukemia results in the formation of the AML1/Evi-1 chimeric protein, which is thought to play a causative role in leukemic transformation of hematopoietic cells. Here we show that AML1/Evi-1 represses growth-inhibitory signaling by transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) in 32Dcl3 myeloid cells. The activity of AML1/Evi-1 to repress TGF-β signaling depends on the two separate regions of the Evi-1 portion, one of which is the first zinc finger domain. AML1/Evi-1 interacts with Smad3, an intracellular mediator of TGF-β signaling, through the first zinc finger domain, and represses the Smad3 activity, as Evi-1 does. We also show that suppression of endogenous Evi-1 in leukemic cells carrying inv(3) restores TGF-β responsiveness. Taken together, AML1/Evi-1 acts as an inhibitor of TGF-β signaling by interfering with Smad3 through the Evi-1 portion, and both AML1/Evi-1 and Evi-1 repress TGF-β–mediated growth suppression in hematopoietic cells. Thus, AML1/Evi-1 may contribute to leukemogenesis by specifically blocking growth-inhibitory signaling of TGF-β in the t(3;21) leukemia.

scholarly journals Gaia Data Release 2

2019 ◽  
Vol 621 ◽  
pp. A144 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. M. Marrese ◽  
S. Marinoni ◽  
M. Fabrizio ◽  
G. Altavilla
Keyword(s):  
Global Analysis ◽  
Data Retrieval ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
Data Archives ◽  
Data Release ◽  
Astronomical Research ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Single Data ◽  
Cross Matching ◽  
Cross Match

Context. Although the Gaia catalogue on its own is a very powerful tool, it is the combination of this high-accuracy archive with other archives that will truly open up amazing possibilities for astronomical research. The advanced interoperation of archives is based on cross-matching, leaving the user with the feeling of working with one single data archive. The data retrieval should work not only across data archives but also across wavelength domains. The first step for a seamless access to the data is the computation of the cross-match between Gaia and external surveys. Aims. We describe the adopted algorithms and results of the pre-computed cross-match of the Gaia Data Release 2 (DR2) catalogue with dense surveys (Pan-STARRS1 DR1, 2MASS, SDSS DR9, GSC 2.3, URAT-1, allWISE, PPMXL, and APASS DR9) and sparse catalogues (HIPPARCOS2, Tycho-2, and RAVE 5). Methods. A new algorithm is developed specifically for sparse catalogues. Improvements and changes with respect to the algorithm adopted for DR1 are described in detail. Results. The outputs of the cross-match are part of the official Gaia DR2 catalogue. The global analysis of the cross-match results is also presented.

ChemInform Abstract: Chemical Constituents from Cicuta virosa Linnaeus and Their Reversal Effects on Doxorubicin-Resistant Human Myelogenous Leukemia (K562/A02) Cells.

ChemInform ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (49) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shu-Qi Wang ◽  
Qing-Wei Zhang ◽  
Xiao-Ling Wang ◽  
Xia-Xia Di ◽  
Xiao-Ning Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Myelogenous Leukemia

scholarly journals Role of Dok-1 and Dok-2 in Myeloid Homeostasis and Suppression of Leukemia

2004 ◽  
Vol 200 (12) ◽  
pp. 1681-1687 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomoharu Yasuda ◽  
Masaki Shirakata ◽  
Atsushi Iwama ◽  
Asuka Ishii ◽  
Yasuhiro Ebihara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tyrosine Kinases ◽  
Myeloid Cells ◽  
Chronic Phase ◽  
Myelogenous Leukemia ◽  
Myeloproliferative Disease ◽  
Akt Activation ◽  
Docking Proteins ◽  
Cytokine Stimulation ◽  
Deficient Mice

Dok-1 and Dok-2 are closely related rasGAP-associated docking proteins expressed preferentially in hematopoietic cells. Although they are phosphorylated upon activation of many protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs), including those coupled with cytokine receptors and oncogenic PTKs like Bcr-Abl, their physiological roles are largely unidentified. Here, we generated mice lacking Dok-1 and/or Dok-2, which included the double-deficient mice succumbed to myeloproliferative disease resembling human chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) and chronic myelomonocytic leukemia. The double-deficient mice displayed medullary and extramedullary hyperplasia of granulocyte/macrophage progenitors with leukemic potential, and their myeloid cells showed hyperproliferation and hypo-apoptosis upon treatment and deprivation of cytokines, respectively. Consistently, the mutant myeloid cells showed enhanced Erk and Akt activation upon cytokine stimulation. Moreover, loss of Dok-1 and/or Dok-2 induced blastic transformation of chronic phase CML-like disease in mice carrying the bcr-abl gene, a cause of CML. These findings demonstrate that Dok-1 and Dok-2 are key negative regulators of cytokine responses and are essential for myeloid homeostasis and suppression of leukemia.

scholarly journals Preliminary Investigation of Bovine Whole Blood Xenotransfusion as a Therapeutic Modality for the Treatment of Anemia in Goats

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joe S. Smith ◽  
Austin K. Viall ◽  
Ryan M. Breuer ◽  
Rebecca A. Walton ◽  
Paul J. Plummer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Whole Blood ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
Therapeutic Modality ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
Common Clinical Presentation ◽  
Cattle Blood ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Cross Matching ◽  
Cross Match

Anemia requiring whole blood transfusion for appropriate treatment is a common clinical presentation of caprine patients to veterinary practitioners; however, identifying suitable blood donors in goat herds can be challenging. In other veterinary species, the practice of xenotransfusion, where blood from 1 species is transfused to another, is used in emergency settings. Due to their ability to donate large volumes of whole blood, cattle could be an ideal source for xenotransfusion of goats. In this study 2 healthy goats were transfused with bovine whole blood. The goats were then monitored for adverse effects and the presence of bovine erythrocyte post-xenotransfusion. Afterward, 15 caprine–bovine combinations were evaluated for compatibility via cross-matching. Both goats tolerated xenotransfusion, although transient reactions were observed. Of the 15 cross-match combinations, 11 of the major cross matches were compatible, and all minor cross matches were also compatible. While future work is necessary to refine this technique, xenotransfusion of goats with cattle blood may be a therapeutic modality for the treatment of caprine anemia.

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