scholarly journals Rate of deoxygenation and rheologic behavior of blood in sickle cell anemia

Blood ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 77 (6) ◽  
pp. 1353-1361 ◽  
Author(s):  
DK Kaul ◽  
H Xue
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Progressive Increase ◽  
Large Percentage ◽  
Cell Orientation ◽  
Morphologic Characteristics ◽  
Viscosity Increase ◽  
Physical Attributes ◽  
Rheologic Behavior ◽  
Dependent Viscosity ◽  
Shape Characteristics

Abstract To understand the relationship between deoxygenation rate, rheologic behavior, and red blood cell (RBC) morphologic characteristics of blood in sickle (SS) cell anemia, washed oxy SS RBC suspensions (hematocrit, 40%) were subjected to relatively fast and gradual deoxygenation procedures. Relatively fast deoxygenation resulted in 50% decline in percent hemoglobin oxygen saturation (%HbO2) within 1 minute. The SS suspensions following relatively fast deoxygenation showed two distinct phases in viscosity profiles. First, there was a sharp increase in individual viscosities to a peak value at 7 minutes of deoxygenation. Second, prolonged deoxygenation resulted in a 27% to 37% decrease in individual viscosities at 30 minutes as compared with the respective peak values at 7 minutes. Most of the viscosity increase (ie, about fourfold) occurred within the first 3 minutes of relatively fast deoxygenation. Scanning electron microscopy and differential morphologic analysis of deoxy cells showed that at 7 minutes a majority of cells had a granular appearance that was characterized by a bumpy irregular surface and the presence of small spicule-like projections. Prolonged deoxygenation resulted in the appearance of a large percentage of elongated cells that were unlike typical sickle cells. Transmission electron microscopy showed that the elongated shape resulted from the alignment of HbS polymers into long projections. In contrast, gradual deoxygenation over a period of 30 minutes resulted in a progressive increase in viscosity and in the formation of typical sickle shapes and holly leaf cells. The results show that at matching %HbO2, the SS suspensions containing mainly granular shaped cells after 7 minutes of relatively fast deoxygenation are as viscous as the gradually deoxygenated suspensions that contain classic sickle shapes and holly leaf forms, while the suspensions having a large percentage of elongated cells (30 minutes after relatively fast deoxygenation) are the least viscous. The two distinct time-dependent viscosity phases observed after relatively fast deoxygenation probably result from differences in the RBC shape characteristics reflecting physical attributes of the polymer, which could affect cell orientation in the viscometric flow.

scholarly journals Rate of deoxygenation and rheologic behavior of blood in sickle cell anemia

Blood ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 77 (6) ◽  
pp. 1353-1361
Author(s):  
DK Kaul ◽  
H Xue
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Progressive Increase ◽  
Large Percentage ◽  
Cell Orientation ◽  
Morphologic Characteristics ◽  
Viscosity Increase ◽  
Physical Attributes ◽  
Rheologic Behavior ◽  
Dependent Viscosity ◽  
Shape Characteristics

To understand the relationship between deoxygenation rate, rheologic behavior, and red blood cell (RBC) morphologic characteristics of blood in sickle (SS) cell anemia, washed oxy SS RBC suspensions (hematocrit, 40%) were subjected to relatively fast and gradual deoxygenation procedures. Relatively fast deoxygenation resulted in 50% decline in percent hemoglobin oxygen saturation (%HbO2) within 1 minute. The SS suspensions following relatively fast deoxygenation showed two distinct phases in viscosity profiles. First, there was a sharp increase in individual viscosities to a peak value at 7 minutes of deoxygenation. Second, prolonged deoxygenation resulted in a 27% to 37% decrease in individual viscosities at 30 minutes as compared with the respective peak values at 7 minutes. Most of the viscosity increase (ie, about fourfold) occurred within the first 3 minutes of relatively fast deoxygenation. Scanning electron microscopy and differential morphologic analysis of deoxy cells showed that at 7 minutes a majority of cells had a granular appearance that was characterized by a bumpy irregular surface and the presence of small spicule-like projections. Prolonged deoxygenation resulted in the appearance of a large percentage of elongated cells that were unlike typical sickle cells. Transmission electron microscopy showed that the elongated shape resulted from the alignment of HbS polymers into long projections. In contrast, gradual deoxygenation over a period of 30 minutes resulted in a progressive increase in viscosity and in the formation of typical sickle shapes and holly leaf cells. The results show that at matching %HbO2, the SS suspensions containing mainly granular shaped cells after 7 minutes of relatively fast deoxygenation are as viscous as the gradually deoxygenated suspensions that contain classic sickle shapes and holly leaf forms, while the suspensions having a large percentage of elongated cells (30 minutes after relatively fast deoxygenation) are the least viscous. The two distinct time-dependent viscosity phases observed after relatively fast deoxygenation probably result from differences in the RBC shape characteristics reflecting physical attributes of the polymer, which could affect cell orientation in the viscometric flow.

Regenerated Middle Ear Mucosa after Tympanoplasty. Part I. Transmission Electron Microscopy

1986 ◽  
Vol 94 (3) ◽  
pp. 339-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Gamoletti ◽  
Paola Poggi ◽  
Mario Sanna ◽  
Carlo Zini
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Goblet Cells ◽  
Secretory Cells ◽  
Canal Wall ◽  
Ciliated Cells ◽  
Middle Ear Mucosa ◽  
Morphologic Characteristics ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Ultrastructural Appearance

The ultrastructural appearance of the regenerated middle ear mucosa—found at the second operation of staged intact canal wall tympanoplasty (ICWT) with mastoidectomy—has been evaluated with the transmission electron microscope. The regenerated epithelium showed all the morphologic characteristics of the normal middle ear mucosa: ciliated cells, noncillated cells, and secretory cells. All of these (Including goblet cells) have been found in the specimens. It is concluded that a normal middle ear mucosa regenerates to cover all denuded bone surfaces after the first operation of staged ICWT with mastoidectomy, when silicone rubber sheeting has been used to prevent adhesions and maintain an air-containing middle ear space.

Tannic Acid as Fixative and Stain for Amyloid Tissues

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 542-543
Author(s):  
O. G. Rodgers ◽  
T. Shirahama ◽  
A. S. Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Tannic Acid ◽  
Electron Micrographs ◽  
Amyloid Fibrils ◽  
Fibrillar Structure ◽  
High Magnification ◽  
Animal Kingdom ◽  
Morphologic Characteristics ◽  
Liver And Kidney

Amyloid is a protein deposited in a variety of organs in the disorder amyloidosis which is widely distributed in the animal kingdom. The identification of this substance and diagnosis of the disease is largely dependent on its morphologic characteristics and tinctorial properties by light microscopy and the fibrillar structure by electron microscopy (1). In electron micrographs prepared conventionally, very often the amyloid fibrils show low electron density, making it difficult to identify small airyloid deposits when scanning by low magnification, and difficult to analyze ultrastructural details at high magnification. After testing various fixatives and stains to achieve good fixation and staining of the anyloid fibrils, we have found that the use of tannic acid as a fixative (2) may satisfy these objectives.Various tissues (skin, tongue, prostate, spleen, liver and kidney) were obtained at biopsy, surgery or autopsy from patients with primary, secondary, myelcma-associated or hereditary amyloidosis. Spleen, liver and kidney from CBA/J mice in which amyloidosis was induced by daily casein injections were also used.

AGGREGATION TO COLONIES OF THE GREEN ALGA PEDIASTRUM: EXPERIMENTS AND SIMULATIONS

2000 ◽  
Vol 08 (04) ◽  
pp. 373-398
Author(s):  
MARC GREWE ◽  
MARIO MARKUS
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Green Alga ◽  
Cell Orientation ◽  
Cell Surfaces ◽  
Cell Numbers ◽  
Video Recordings ◽  
Cell Shapes ◽  
Natural Aggregates ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Cell Cell

We simulate the aggregation of zoospores of the green alga Pediastrum simplex into a planar colony — including radially outward cell orientation. The model assumptions are: cells are randomly kicked by flagella, an ellipsoidal boundary repells cells and flagella, overlapping cell surfaces lead to dissipative cell-cell repulsion, cell-cell attractive forces occur around arches close to the cell's surfaces, there is friction of the cells with the medium; the process ends by an extension of the attractive arches followed by the stop of flagellar propulsion and finally a change of cell shapes from spherical to nearly triangular with contact-inhibited horn-like extensions. These assumptions are directly observed or indirectly inferred from the literature, light microscopy (video recordings) and scanning electron microscopy. We perform calculations with cell numbers ranging from 4 to 64. Additional simulations permit to discard alternative models, including planarization via cell-cell attraction only, chemotaxis or cohesive intercellular gliding. Our model yields patterns agreeing well with symmetrical as well as with disordered natural aggregates.

scholarly journals Phagocytosis of Borrelia recurrentis by blood polymorphonuclear leukocytes is enhanced by antibiotic treatment

1980 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 1009-1013
Author(s):  
T Butler ◽  
M Aikawa ◽  
A Habte-Michael ◽  
C Wallace
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Antibiotic Treatment ◽  
Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes ◽  
Progressive Increase ◽  
Penicillin G ◽  
Phagocytic Cells ◽  
Relapsing Fever ◽  
Silver Stain ◽  
Infected Blood ◽  
Borrelia Recurrentis

The removal of Borrelia spirochetes from the blood in relapsing fever was studied by examining patients' blood phagocytic cells with the Dieterle silver stain. Polymorphonuclear leukocytes ingested Borrelia at increased rates for several hours after antibiotic treatment, during which time the total numbers of circulating plasma spirochetes were decreasing. Incubation of infected blood at 37 degrees C for 2 h resulted in a progressive increase in phagocytosis. Addition of penicillin G and tetracycline to infected blood caused a further enhancement of phagocytosis. Electron microscopy of polymorphonuclear leukocytes revealed spirochetes in phagosomes. These results indicated that blood polymorphonuclear leukocytes have a prominent role in removing Borrelia from the plasma and suggested that antibiotics act by altering the surface of spirochetes to render them more susceptible to phagocytosis.

scholarly journals MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES OF THE RETICULAR ZONE OF THE CORTEX OF ADRENAL GLANDS AND OF THE SECRETORY ACTIVITY OF ITS CORTICOSTEROCYTES IN THE PUBERTAL PERIOD IN RATS DEVELOPING AT THE INFLUENCE OF THE ENDOCRINAL DISRUPTER DICHLORODIPHENYLTRICHLOROETHANE

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 22-25
Author(s):  
D. A. Tsomartova ◽  
N. V. Yaglova ◽  
V. V. Yaglov ◽  
S. S. Obernikhin ◽  
S. V. Nazimova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Postnatal Development ◽  
Sex Steroids ◽  
Endocrine Disruptor ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Secretory Activity ◽  
Progressive Increase ◽  
Daily Consumption ◽  
Zona Reticularis ◽  
Structural Support

Affection of developing organism by endocrine disruptors is an actively studied topic of scientific research in medicine, caused by a progressive increase in the number of diseases and disorders in the development of the reproductive and endocrine systems. Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) is the most wide-spread endocrine disruptor. Low-dose exposure to DDT disrupts production of sex steroids by poorly known mechanisms. The research was focused on assessment of morphology of adrenal zona reticularis and fine structure of reticularis endocrine cells and changes in their secretory machinery in rats exposed to low doses of DDT during prenatal and postnatal development. The experimental group consisted of the male offspring of dams, who daily consumed solution of o, p-DDT at a concentration of 20 µg/l, from mating until the end of the suckling period in offspring, which then consumed a similar solution of DDT. Daily consumption of DDT by the offspring was 2,90±0,12 µg/kg body weight. These doses corresponds to levels of exposure of humans to DDT with food products taking to account the differences in metabolism of DDT in rats and humans. The control and experimental rats were sacrificed on the 42nd day of postnatal development (pubertal period). Light microscopy of adrenal sections found hypoplasia of zona reticularis in rats after developmental exposure to endocrine disruptor. Electron microscopy revealed prevalence of cells with low lipid content in cytoplasm, less developed endoplasmatic reticulum and Golgi complex and signs of lowered functional activity of mitochondria indicated decreased steroidogenic activity of zona reticularis. These findings explain previously found impaired production of sex steroids in DDT-exposed rats. Electron microscopy also found that disruption of steroid secretion in reticularis cells by DDT led to compensatory enlargement of cells and increase in number of mitochondria per m2 of cytoplasm indicating development of structural support for long-term enhancement of steroidogenic activity.

Benefeciation of Derived Bovine Bone Waste Hydroxyapatite Obtained from Meatballs Sellers and its Characterization

2015 ◽  
Vol 1123 ◽  
pp. 155-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dwi Asmi
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Bovine Bone ◽  
Phase Content ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Content Type ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Carbonate Ions ◽  
Morphologic Characteristics ◽  
Thermal Stability Of ◽  
Scanning Electron

In this study, bovine bone waste obtained from meatballs sellers was utilized as novel alternative bioresource of hydroxyapatite (HA). The femur bovine bone waste in bulk form was initially deproteinized using HCl and NaOH and then followed by calcination at 500 °C and 800 °C for 5 h to obtained HA powder. The thermal stability of HA powder was monitored using simultaneous thermogravimetric analysis (TG) and differential thermal analysis (DTA). The TG/DTA result shows that the combustion of the organic component of bone, especially of collagen occured at temperature range of 174-550 °C. The phase content, type of bond present, and morphology of calcined HA powder were conducted using x-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) respectively. The crystallinity of the HA sample shows increase with increasing of the temperature calcination. The characteristic of bands of HA and additionally peaks of carbonate ions were observed in the FTIR results and the morphologic characteristics of the HA particles shows the material is a homogeneous powder.

scholarly journals Electron Microscopy of Formed Elements of Normal Human Blood

Blood ◽  
1957 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 428-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOSEPH R. GOODMAN ◽  
EMMETT B. REILLY ◽  
ROGER E. MOORE
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Normal Peripheral Blood ◽  
Morphologic Characteristics ◽  
History Of ◽  
Normal Human ◽  
Ultrathin Sections ◽  
Considerable Detail ◽  
Normal Human Blood

Abstract The history of the development of practicable electron microscope technics for examination of the formed elements of the blood was reviewed. A method found to yield good reproductions of ultrathin sections of blood cells was presented in considerable detail. The various phases of the technic were critically evaluated. The morphologic characteristics of the various formed elements of normal peripheral blood were defined in association with sample electron micrographs. Ultramicroscopic detail of neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, platelets and erythrocytes was discussed.

scholarly journals Effect of Elevated Deformation Temperatures on Microstructural and Tensile Behavior of Si-Al Alloyed TRIP-Aided Steel

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 5284
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Kozłowska ◽  
Adam Grajcar
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mechanical Stability ◽  
Uniform Elongation ◽  
Total Elongation ◽  
Progressive Increase ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Static Tensile ◽  
Hot Rolled

The influence of elevated deformation temperatures on the relationships between the microstructure and mechanical properties in a hot-rolled Si-Al-alloyed transformation-induced plasticity (TRIP)-aided steel was studied in a static tensile test. The morphological features of specimens deformed at the different temperatures were characterized by different microstructural techniques: optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). An increase in the deformation temperature from 20 to 200 °C resulted in the reduced effectiveness of the TRIP effect, due to the increasing mechanical stability of the γ phase. The gradual transformation of retained austenite into martensite expressed by a progressive increase in the work hardening exponent (n) led to a beneficial balance of strength, uniform elongation and total elongation. The best product of UTS × TEl = 17,805 MPa% showed the sample deformed at 20 °C with a peak n value amounting to 0.3.

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