Correlation of Bcl-2 Rearrangement With Clinical Characteristics and Outcome in Indolent Follicular Lymphoma

Blood ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 93 (9) ◽  
pp. 3081-3087 ◽  
Author(s):  
Armando López-Guillermo ◽  
Fernando Cabanillas ◽  
Timothy I. McDonnell ◽  
Peter McLaughlin ◽  
Terry Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Stage Iv ◽  
Complete Response ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction Method ◽  
Lymph Node Biopsy ◽  
Free Survival ◽  
Stage Iv Disease ◽  
Grade Ii ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Follicular Lymphomas

Abstract The t(14;18) translocation, which involves the bcl-2oncogene, occurs in follicular lymphomas (FL) at two common sites: the major breakpoint region (MBR) and the minor cluster region (mcr). The biological and clinical significance of these breakpoints is unknown. The bcl-2 breakpoint site was determined in 247 previously untreated patients (49% men; median age 52 years) with indolent FL (155 grade I, 83 grade II, and 8 grade III) to correlate it with pretreatment characteristics, response, and outcome. The bcl-2 breakpoint site was determined by a polymerase chain reaction method of peripheral blood (all cases), bone marrows (149 cases), and fresh lymph node biopsy specimens (68 cases). The breakpoint site occurred at MBR in 175 cases (71%) and atmcr in 27 (11%). In 45 cases (18%), no breakpoint was detected (germline). No significant relationship was found between the rearrangements and the expression of BLC-2 and BAXproteins. Patients’ germline for MBR and mcr tended to present more frequently with stage IV disease and higher β2-microglobulin (β2M) levels, whereas mcr-rearranged patients presented more frequently with early stage and normal β2M. The complete response rate of germline patients was significantly lower than that of MBR and mcr patients. An estimated 3-year failure-free survival (FFS) for mcr, MBR, and germline cases was 95%, 76%, and 57%, respectively (P < .001). Thebcl-2 breakpoint site was independent of serum β2M and lactate dehydrogenase in its correlation with FFS. In conclusion, thebcl-2 rearrangement site is an important prognostic factor in indolent FL, useful to identify patients who may require different treatment.

Correlation of Bcl-2 Rearrangement With Clinical Characteristics and Outcome in Indolent Follicular Lymphoma

Blood ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 93 (9) ◽  
pp. 3081-3087 ◽  
Author(s):  
Armando López-Guillermo ◽  
Fernando Cabanillas ◽  
Timothy I. McDonnell ◽  
Peter McLaughlin ◽  
Terry Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Stage Iv ◽  
Complete Response ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction Method ◽  
Lymph Node Biopsy ◽  
Free Survival ◽  
Stage Iv Disease ◽  
Grade Ii ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Follicular Lymphomas

The t(14;18) translocation, which involves the bcl-2oncogene, occurs in follicular lymphomas (FL) at two common sites: the major breakpoint region (MBR) and the minor cluster region (mcr). The biological and clinical significance of these breakpoints is unknown. The bcl-2 breakpoint site was determined in 247 previously untreated patients (49% men; median age 52 years) with indolent FL (155 grade I, 83 grade II, and 8 grade III) to correlate it with pretreatment characteristics, response, and outcome. The bcl-2 breakpoint site was determined by a polymerase chain reaction method of peripheral blood (all cases), bone marrows (149 cases), and fresh lymph node biopsy specimens (68 cases). The breakpoint site occurred at MBR in 175 cases (71%) and atmcr in 27 (11%). In 45 cases (18%), no breakpoint was detected (germline). No significant relationship was found between the rearrangements and the expression of BLC-2 and BAXproteins. Patients’ germline for MBR and mcr tended to present more frequently with stage IV disease and higher β2-microglobulin (β2M) levels, whereas mcr-rearranged patients presented more frequently with early stage and normal β2M. The complete response rate of germline patients was significantly lower than that of MBR and mcr patients. An estimated 3-year failure-free survival (FFS) for mcr, MBR, and germline cases was 95%, 76%, and 57%, respectively (P < .001). Thebcl-2 breakpoint site was independent of serum β2M and lactate dehydrogenase in its correlation with FFS. In conclusion, thebcl-2 rearrangement site is an important prognostic factor in indolent FL, useful to identify patients who may require different treatment.

scholarly journals The Clinical Significance of Molecular Response in Indolent Follicular Lymphomas

Blood ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 91 (8) ◽  
pp. 2955-2960 ◽  
Author(s):  
Armando López-Guillermo ◽  
Fernando Cabanillas ◽  
Peter McLaughlin ◽  
Terry Smith ◽  
Fredrick Hagemeister ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Residual Disease ◽  
Stage Iv ◽  
Complete Response ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
First Year ◽  
Molecular Response ◽  
Free Survival ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Follicular Lymphomas

Most patients with follicular lymphoma (FL) achieve a complete response (CR) after treatment, but eventually most of them, particularly those with stage IV, relapse due to minimal residual disease (MRD). The t(14;18) gives rise to a rearrangement of the bcl-2 oncogene that constitutes an excellent target for detection of MRD by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). One hundred ninety-four previously untreated patients with indolent FL and detectable bcl-2 rearrangement were studied. The PCR assay was used to detect bcl-2–rearranged cells in blood and marrow before and after treatment. Molecular response rate was 37%, 53%, 56%, and 66% at 3 to 5, 6 to 8, 9 to 14, and 15 to 18 months from the start of therapy, respectively. Although molecular response was higher among clinical CRs, one third of partial responders at 3 to 5 months also achieved a molecular response. Patients who achieved a molecular response during the first year of treatment had a significantly longer failure-free survival (FFS) than those who did not (4-year FFS: 76% v 38%, respectively; P &lt; .001). Similar results were also observed in the subset of patients in clinical CR 1 year after treatment. By multivariate analysis, β2-microglobulin (β2-M; P &lt; .01), and molecular response (P &lt; .001) were the most important variables associated with outcome. When we combined β2-M and molecular response, three prognostic groups emerged: (1) low β2-M and molecular responders, (2) low β2-M and nonresponders or high β2-M and responders, and (3) high β2-M and nonresponders. The 4-year FFS of these 3 groups were 86%, 65%, and 23%, respectively. Finally, patients who achieved molecular response and sustained it had better FFS than those who either reverted back to PCR-positive or who never achieved molecular response. Serial PCR analysis to determine the molecular response in FL correlates well with outcome especially when combined with pretreatment β2-M.

Tolerability and efficacy of indigenously developed nanoparticle paclitaxel in Indian patients

2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e13533-e13533
Author(s):  
C. D. Deshmukh ◽  
S. S. Hingmire ◽  
A. V. Bakshi ◽  
D. S. Kelkar
Keyword(s):  
Indian Population ◽  
Free Water ◽  
Stage Iv ◽  
Complete Response ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Common Side Effect ◽  
Stage Iv Disease ◽  
Safety Parameters ◽  
Grade Ii ◽  
Grade Iii

e13533 Background: Nanoparticle paclitaxel ([N]), India's first cremaphor free water-soluble paclitaxel is based on the principles of nanotechnology. The present study evaluates the safety and efficacy of this formulation in an Indian population. Methods: A prospective observational study over 18 months between April 2007 and December 2008 was done using N in a dose of 220 mg/m2 infused over 1 hour. Safety parameters were based on self reported adverse events while efficacy was monitored as per the RECIST criteria. Results: Fifty-four patients were included. The average age was 56 years (21–72 years). Ten patients (18.52%) had stage III and 23 (42.59%) had stage IV disease. Over 70% of patients were suffering from ovarian cancer, gastric cancer and non small-cell lung cancer (39 of 54 patients). The overall efficacy results across all tumour types were comparable to the published literature with 19 (35.19%) patients showing partial response, 3 (5.56%) showing complete response, stable disease in 11 (20.37%) patients while progressive disease in 12 (22.22%) patients. The efficacy results in the 3 most common tumour types are shown in the table below. In the cohort, 22 (40.74%) patients did not experience any side effects. The most common side effect was body ache (Grade III-NCI CTC v3.0) in 17 (31.5%) patients, neutropenia (Grade II -7, grade III and grade IV -1 each) in 9 (16.67%) cases, 3 (5.56%) cases each experienced neuropathy (Grade III -2 and grade IV-1), nausea, and weakness. Two patients (3.70%) experienced grade III thrombocytopenia and 1 (1.85%) patient developed grade II anemia. Conclusions: Our observations confirm the safety of nanoparticle paclitaxel (N) in an Indian population. This formulation obviates the need for cremaphor thereby allowing shorter infusion duration and eradicating the need of premedication, reduced incidence and severity of adverse effects. Nanoparticle based paclitaxel offers a major advancement in paclitaxel administration. [Table: see text] No significant financial relationships to disclose.

scholarly journals Spermatic Cord Lymphoma: A Case Report and Literature Review

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satoru Taguchi ◽  
Sayuri Takahashi ◽  
Katsuyuki Iida ◽  
Takashi Mizutani ◽  
Kazumi Yamaguchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spermatic Cord ◽  
Poor Prognosis ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Multidisciplinary Treatment ◽  
Stage Iv ◽  
Recommended Treatment ◽  
Testicular Lymphoma ◽  
Stage Iv Disease ◽  
Primary Testicular Lymphoma

Spermatic cord lymphoma is a rare lethal disease. It has a poor prognosis even in stage I or II disease when treated locally, therefore, multidisciplinary treatment for early stage is recommended. On the other hand, the treatment of choice for stage III or IV spermatic cord lymphoma remains to be determined. It is said that spermatic cord lymphoma is clinicopathologically similar to primary testicular lymphoma, therefore the treatment of spermatic cord lymphoma has often been determined by reference to the recommended treatment for primary testicular lymphoma. Here we report a new case of spermatic cord lymphoma, which was found in stage IV disease. We also review thirty-three cases which have been reported as spermatic cord lymphoma to date, and discuss treatment options.

Small noncleaved cell lymphoma in adults: superior results for stages I-III disease.

1990 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 615-622 ◽  
Author(s):  
T M Lopez ◽  
F B Hagemeister ◽  
P McLaughlin ◽  
W S Velasquez ◽  
F Swan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Lymphoma ◽  
Stage Iv ◽  
Complete Response ◽  
Burkitt’S Lymphoma ◽  
Response To Therapy ◽  
Burkitt's Lymphoma ◽  
Disease Stage ◽  
Histologic Subtype ◽  
Ann Arbor ◽  
Stage Iv Disease

Small noncleaved cell lymphoma (SNCCL), a rare lymphoma in adults, is associated with not only a rapid complete response (CR) to chemotherapy but also with the potential to rapidly relapse both systemically and in the CNS. We treated 44 assessable adults with two similar protocols, consisting of three sequential chemotherapy combinations and intrathecal prophylaxis with methotrexate and cytarabine. The overall CR rate was 80%; it was 100% in patients with Ann Arbor (AA) stages I-III disease and 57% in those with stage IV disease. The overall survival (OS) rate at 5 years was 52%. The overall 5-year freedom from tumor mortality (FTM) rate was 63%; it was 95% for patients with AA stages I-III disease, and 29% for those with stage IV disease. Stepwise multivariate analysis of factors associated with remission duration and survival indicated that advanced-disease stage and age of 40 years or over were predictors of poor prognosis. Twelve patients with positive human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) serology were also included in this series. They had an 83% CR rate and an 83% 5-year FTM, but only a 36% 5-year OS; most deaths were secondary to opportunistic infection. Histologic subtype (Burkitt's lymphoma [BL] or non-Burkitt's lymphoma [NBL]) did not correlate with patient age, site of tumor presentation, response to therapy, or survival. Both protocols achieved comparable results. The approach used in these protocols is highly effective for patients with early staged disease, regardless of their HIV status; however, better therapy is necessary for those with SNCCL presenting in an advanced stage.

scholarly journals Durable and Complete Response to Herceptin Monotherapy in Patients with Metastatic Gastroesophageal Cancer

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 1098-1104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brenen P. Swofford ◽  
Tomislav Dragovich
Keyword(s):  
Stage Iv ◽  
Progression Free Survival ◽  
Complete Response ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Her2 Overexpression ◽  
Gastroesophageal Cancer ◽  
Her2 Receptor ◽  
Durable Response ◽  
First Line Therapy ◽  
Stage Iv Disease

Gastroesophageal cancer is the sixth leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. The 2 most common histologies are squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma, which has seen an increase in incidence correlating with an increase in obesity in developed countries. Gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma has a preponderance to metastasize early, making it a highly lethal cancer with a low 5-year survival rate of ∼15–25%. Therefore, for the majority of patients, treatment focuses on palliation and prolongation of survival. Combination chemotherapy regimens, mostly platinum-based, have only modestly prolonged survival in patients with stage IV disease. Recently, it was discovered that the activation of the HER2 receptor plays an important role in a minority of adenocarcinomas of the distal esophagus and stomach. This introduced the treatment option of trastuzumab (Herceptin), a monoclonal antibody directed at the HER2 receptor, which has demonstrated improvement in overall and progression-free survival as noted in the ToGA trial. Currently, the role of Herceptin therapy beyond first-line therapy and outside of combination regimens is not well established. In this case report we review 2 cases of patients with gastroesophageal cancer, with HER2 overexpression, who achieved a robust response to trastuzumab in combination with chemotherapy and were able to maintain a durable response with maintenance trastuzumab monotherapy.

High complete response (CR) rate in patients (pts) with esophageal carcinoma (EC) undergoing neoadjuvant combination of docetaxel and cisplatin (DC) ± cetuximab(DCE) chemoradiation therapy—a retrospective analysis

2007 ◽  
Vol 25 (18_suppl) ◽  
pp. 15093-15093
Author(s):  
T. J. Fillos ◽  
P. Hentschel ◽  
K. Watkins ◽  
M. S. Karpeh ◽  
A. Meek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Objective Response ◽  
Pathologic Complete Response ◽  
Stage Iv ◽  
Complete Response ◽  
Neoadjuvant Chemoradiation ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Weekly Docetaxel ◽  
Stage Iv Disease ◽  
Grade 3

15093 Background: EC is a highly lethal disease with 5 year survival less than 15%. Surgery offers a chance for cure in early disease. Still, fewer than 20% of pts treated with surgery alone are alive at 5 years. Neoadjuvant chemoradiation offers the theoretical advantage of increasing R0 resections and reducing early local and distal metastases which may translate into improved survival. Several clinical trials have resulted in pathologic complete response (pCR) rates of 20–30%. Methods: Newly diagnosed pts with EC Stage 2A (T3) to 4 received weekly Docetaxel (D)25–30mg/m2 and Cisplatin (C)25–30mg/m2.for 6–8 weeks concurrently with radiation, 5040 cGy in 28 fractions. Cetuximab (E) 200mg/m2 was added after it became accepted treatment in head and neck cancers. Pts were scheduled 4 - 6 weeks later for surgery followed by the same chemotherapy for total of 16 weeks of treatment. Pts were assessed for time to progression, overall survival and toxicities. Results: Fifteen pts treated in 2005–6 underwent IRB approved evaluation; 11 male and 4 female, median age of 62(range 44–78) . Four had squamous cell (SCC) and 11 adenocarcinomas. Nine pts had Stage II, 4 pts stage III and 2 pts stage IV disease. Seven pts underwent surgery, all R0 resections. Four of them had pCR, one pPR (downstaged from T3 to T1) and two pts had stable disease. An additional 3 pts had radiological and endoscopic proven CR (medically not surgical candidates) for an objective response (CR+PR) in 8 out of 15 pts (3 SCC and 5 adenoca). Five out of 9 receiving DC had an objective response while 3 of 6 receiving DCE responded. Five pts progressed prior to surgery. Grade 3/4 neutropenia occurred in 2, nausea in 3, and 1 pt experienced Grade 3 dehydration. Four patients required dose reductions by 20%. Six patients had one cycle and 2 had 3 cycles delayed by one week each. Conclusions: Neoadjuvant chemoradiation treatment with weekly Docetaxel and Cisplatin ± Cetuximab is tolerable with high rate of CRs. There was no observed difference in response with the addition of cetuximab. A Phase III study is suggested. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

Long-term maintenance capecitabine and celecoxib improved clinical outcomes by targeting colorectal cancer micrometastasis

2007 ◽  
Vol 25 (18_suppl) ◽  
pp. 14513-14513
Author(s):  
M. Zhang ◽  
S. Curley ◽  
C. Ng ◽  
B. Kurland ◽  
S. Krishnan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Stage Iv ◽  
Complete Response ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Stage Iv Disease ◽  
Disease Site ◽  
Colorectal Cancer Patients

14513 Background: Role of mainteance therapy after achieving complete response (CR) remain undefined for patients with metasatic colorectal cancer. We studied prognostic and treatment factors including maintenance capecitabine and celecoxib (XCEL) in all 19 unresectable metastatic colorectal cancer patients (pts) who had CR from the prior XCEL study. Methods: Event charts are used to summarize the timeline of the various treatments. Kaplan-Meier survival estimates and univariate log-rank tests were used to evaluate RFS and OS as time from CR. Prognostic and treatment factors included: tumor size, metastasis number (9 solitary disease), site (13 being extrahepatic), stage on diagnosis (stage II versus III/IV), disease free interval prior to stage IV disease, surgery (5 R0, 3 R1–2 resections), lactate dehydrogenase levels, first-line irinotecan chemotherapy, radiation (9 pts ≥ 45 Gy, 3 Pts < 45 Gy), and maintenance XCEL (duration 0–50.3 months). Results: Nine of 19 patients experienced recurrence (median 13 months after CR), and 4 died during the follow-up period (median 31 months after CR). The 2-year RFS for the unresected and R1–2 resected patients was 71% versus 20% for the R0 resected patients (p = 0.07). This paradoxical RFS pattern corresponded to a RFS advantage for maintenance XCEL (p = 0.002), but not any other prognostic or treatment factors. All relapses occurred in situ following discontinuation of XCEL except for the surgical cases. Patients undergoing maintenance XCEL also benefited in OS (p = 0.04). The median OS from XCEL and from onset of metastasis reached 51.9 months (95% CI, 45 months- not reached [NR]) and 73.3 months (95% CI, NR-NR months) respectively. Conclusions: Maintenance XCEL targets colorectal micrometastases and produces a paradoxical RFS and OS advantage among the high-risk unresected/R1–2 resected patients than R0 resected patients. Prospective studies are warranted to validate roles of maintenance XCEL in the treatment of colorectal micrometastases. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

HPV and survival in patients with oropharyngeal squamous cell cancer of the head and neck (OPC) treated with induction chemotherapy followed by chemoradiotherapy (ST) versus chemoradiotherapy alone (CRT): The Dana-Farber experience.

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 5582-5582
Author(s):  
Jochen H. Lorch ◽  
Glenn Hanna ◽  
Wei Dai ◽  
Vijaya Thotakura ◽  
Vidya Nair ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cancer ◽  
Stage Iv ◽  
Clinical Information ◽  
Progression Free Survival ◽  
Stage Iii ◽  
Free Survival ◽  
Group Outcomes ◽  
Hpv Status ◽  
Stage Iv Disease ◽  
Versus Stage

5582 Background: HPV status is a major prognostic marker for survival in patients with OPC. We examined overall survival (OS) and progression free survival (PFS) in patients with OPC and known HPV status treated at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute with ST and CRT between 2002 and 2011. Methods: 280 patients with OPC and known HPV status were identified retrospectively and clinical information was recorded. Results: 174 patients were treated with CRT (124 HPV positive, 50 HPV negative) and 106 patients were treated with ST (77 HPV positive, 29 HPV negative). For all 280 patients, OS and PFS were significantly better for patients who were HPV positive compared to those who were HPV negative. 3 year OS was 89.1% for HPV positive (95% CI, 83.8-94.7) and 70.5% for HPV negative patients (95%CI, 59.9-83%, HR 0.37, p=0.0007). Among HPV positive patients treated with CRT, 13/124 had died at 3 years (OS 88.5%, 95%CI 81.7-95.9) while 13 deaths were recorded among 50 HPV negative patients (OS 72.2%, 95% CI 59.1-88.2, HR 0.38, p=0.011). PFS at 3 years was also significantly better for HPV positive versus HPV negative patients(81.7% vs 58.8%, HR 0.42, p=0.006). In the group treated with ST, outcomes were similar despite a higher rate of stage IV versus stage III disease compared to the group treated with CRT (100% stage IV in ST versus 77% stage IV and 23% stage III disease in CRT group). Three year OS was 89.7% for HPV positive and 68.2% in the HPV negative group (8/77 HPV pos vs 10/29 HPV neg, HR 0.33, p=0.015). PFS was borderline better for HPV positive patients (81% vs 61.7%, HR 0.48, p= 0.058). Conclusions: We present the DFCI experience treating OPC with ST and CRT for patients with known HPV status over one decade.OS and PFS were superior for HPV positive versus HPV negative patients. Outcomes were virtually identical for patients treated with CRT versus ST despite a higher rate of stage IV disease in the ST group. Outcomes for the HPV negative patients in particular were superior compared to the published literature.

Development of brain metastases in patients with metastatic melanoma treated with ipilimumab plus temozolomide.

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e19014-e19014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Wang ◽  
Sapna Pradyuman Patel ◽  
Wen-Jen Hwu ◽  
Kevin B. Kim ◽  
Nicholas E. Papadopoulos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metastatic Melanoma ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Stage Iv ◽  
Maintenance Phase ◽  
Complete Response ◽  
Tumor Location ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Induction Phase ◽  
Stage Iv Disease ◽  
History Of

e19014 Background: Melanoma has a high predilection for brain metastasis (BM), and despite treatment, survival is often 3 to 6 months. There have been a number of reports of disease regression in BM with each Ipilimumab (Ipi), an anti-CTLA 4 antibody, and temozolomide (Tem), an alkylating drug capable of crossing the blood-brain barrier, in patients with metastatic melanoma (MM). Previous Ipi trials excluded patients with BM. Previous Tem trials have BM incidence ranging from 20 to 36%. Here we describe our experience with the combination of Ipi+Tem and BM. Methods: Patients (pts) are from a 64-patient cohort with unresectable Stage III or Stage IV metastatic melanoma enrolled in a single-center Phase II trial of Ipi+Tem. Induction phase consisted of Ipi 10mg/kg intravenous (IV) on Day 1 and oral Tem 200mg/m2 Days 1-4 every 3 weeks for 4 courses. Maintenance phase was Ipi 10mg/kg IV every 12 weeks and oral Tem 200mg/m2 on Days 1-5 every 4 weeks. Brain MRI was obtained every 2 cycles as part of the protocol. We evaluated development of BM in these pts. Results: At a median follow-up of 41 weeks, 11 pts (17%) developed new BM. Two pts with a history of prior BM were enrolled; one developed new BM while the other achieved a complete response of disease in the lungs and remains on study. All pts who developed BM had Stage IV disease at baseline, five (45%) had elevated baseline LDH, and nodular melanoma was the most common histology (55%). The median time to development of BM with Ipi+Tem was 12 weeks. Mutation status, stage, and primary tumor location and depth were not significantly associated with the development of BM. Elevated baseline LDH was a significant predictor for development of BM (p=0.001, log-rank test). The median overall survival for both the BM and non-BM groups has not been reached. Conclusions: There is little known about the development of BM with various treatments for MM. To our knowledge, this is the first study to evaluate the development of BM in pts receiving Ipi-based treatment. Our data suggest that Ipi+Tem and Ipi monotherapy warrant further research in the prevention and treatment of BM in MM.

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