The assessment of risk factors for the Central/East African Genotype of chikungunya virus infections in the state of Kelantan: a case control study in Malaysia

A case-control study was conducted to identify risk factors for death from tetanus in the State of Pernambuco, Brazil. Information was obtained from medical records of 152 cases and 152 controls, admitted to the tetanus unit in the State University Hospital, in Recife, from 1990 to 1995. Variables were grouped in three different sets. Crude and adjusted odds ratios, p-values and 95% confidence intervals were estimated. Variables selected in the multivariate analysis in each set were controlled for the effect of those selected in the others. All factors related to the disease progression - incubation period, time elapsed between the occurrence of the first tetanus symptom and admission, and period of onset - showed a statistically significant association with death from tetanus. Similarly, signs and/or symptoms occurring on admission or in the following 24 hours (second set): reflex spasms, neck stiffness, respiratory signs/symptoms and respiratory failure requiring artificial ventilation (third set) were associated with death from tetanus even when adjusted for the effect of the others.

Download Full-text

Case–Control Study of Risk Factors for Acquired Hepatitis E Virus Infections in Blood Donors, United Kingdom, 2018–2019

Emerging Infectious Diseases ◽

10.3201/eid2706.203964 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 27 (6) ◽

pp. 1654-1661

Author(s):

Iona Smith ◽

Bengü Said ◽

Aisling Vaughan ◽

Becky Haywood ◽

Samreen Ijaz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

United Kingdom ◽

Hepatitis E Virus ◽

Blood Donors ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Hepatitis E ◽

Case Control ◽

Virus Infections ◽

Control Study

Download Full-text

Risk factors for Burkitt lymphoma in East African children and minors: A case–control study in malaria‐endemic regions in Uganda, Tanzania and Kenya

International Journal of Cancer ◽

10.1002/ijc.32390 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 146 (4) ◽

pp. 953-969 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Sally Peprah ◽

Martin D. Ogwang ◽

Patrick Kerchan ◽

Steven J. Reynolds ◽

Constance N. Tenge ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Burkitt Lymphoma ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

East African ◽

African Children ◽

Control Study

Download Full-text

Risk Factors for Chikungunya Outbreak in Kebridhar City, Somali Ethiopia, 2019. Unmatched Case-Control Study

10.1101/2020.01.21.913673 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Mikias Alayu ◽

Tesfalem Teshome ◽

Hiwot Amare ◽

Solomon Kinde ◽

Desalegn Belay ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Chikungunya Virus ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Effective Control ◽

Bed Nets ◽

P Value ◽

Water Holding ◽

Control Study ◽

Full Body

AbstractBackgroundChikungunya Virus is a Ribose Nucleic Acid (RNA) virus transmitted by a mosquito bite. Aedes Aegypti and Aedes Albopictus are responsible vectors for Chikungunya Virus transmission. CHIKV outbreaks are characterized by rapid spread and infection rates as high as 75%. A combination of health system efforts and healthy behavior practices by the community is essential for effective control.MethodsUnmatched case control study was done to identify risk factors of this outbreak. One case to two controls ratios was calculated. All cases during the study period (74 cases) and 148 controls were included in the study. Bivariate and multivariable analysis were implemented. Serum samples were tested by Real Time Polymerase Chain Reaction at Ethiopian Public Health Institute laboratory.ResultsA total of 74 chikungunya fever cases were reported starting from 19th May 2019 to 8th June 2019. Not using bed net at day time sleeping (P- value < 0.001, AOR 20.8, 95CI 6.4 – 66.7), presence of open water holding container (P- value 0.023, AOR 4, 95CI 1.2 – 13.5), presence of larvae in water holding container (P- value 0.015, AOR 4.8, 95CI 1.4 – 16.8), ill person with similar sign and symptoms in the family or neighbors (P- value <0.001, AOR 27.9, 95CI 6.5 – 120.4) and wearing not full body cover clothes (P- value 0.002, AOR 8.1, 95CI 2.2 – 30.1) were significant risk factors.ConclusionUsing bed nets at day time sleeping, cover the water holding containers, wearing full body cover cloths are protective factors.

Download Full-text

Hepatitis C virus infections and associated risk factors in patients with diabetes mellitus; case control study in North West Tigray, Ethiopia

BMC Research Notes ◽

10.1186/s13104-018-3983-4 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Gebretsakan Gebrekristos ◽

Mebrahtu Teweldemedhin ◽

Letebrhan Hagos ◽

Tuom Gebrewahid ◽

Berihu Gidey ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Hepatitis C ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Virus Infections ◽

North West ◽

Patients With Diabetes ◽

Associated Risk Factors ◽

Control Study

Download Full-text

Risk Factors for Chikungunya Virus Outbreak in Somali Region of Ethiopia, 2019: Unmatched Case-Control Study

Advances in Virology ◽

10.1155/2021/8847906 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Mikias Alayu ◽

Tesfalem Teshome ◽

Hiwot Amare ◽

Solomon Kinde ◽

Desalegn Belay ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Chikungunya Virus ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Signs And Symptoms ◽

Open Water ◽

Case Control ◽

The Family ◽

Water Holding ◽

Control Study ◽

Full Body

Background. Chikungunya virus is a ribonucleic acid (RNA) virus transmitted by a mosquito bite. Chikungunya virus outbreaks are characterized by rapid spread, and the disease manifests as acute fever. This study aimed at determining risk factors for chikungunya virus outbreak to apply appropriate prevention and control measures. Methods. Unmatched case-control study was performed to identify risk factors of chikungunya outbreak in Somali region of Ethiopia in 2019. Cases and controls were enrolled with 1 : 2 ratio. All cases during the study period (74 cases) and 148 controls were included in the study. Bivariate and multivariable analyses were implemented. The serum samples were tested by real-time polymerase chain reaction at Ethiopian Public Health Institute Laboratory. Results. A total of 74 chikungunya fever cases were reported starting from 19th May 2019 to 8th June 2019. Not using bed net at daytime sleeping (adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 20.8; 95% confidence interval (CI): 6.4–66.7), presence of open water holding container (AOR: 4.0; CI: 1.2–3.5), presence of larvae in water holding container (AOR: 4.8; CI: 1.4–16.8), ill person with similar signs and symptoms in the family or neighbors (AOR: 27.9; CI: 6.5–120.4), and not wearing full body cover clothes (AOR: 8.1; CI: 2.2–30.1) were significant risk factors. Conclusion. Not using bed net at daytime sleeping, presence of open water holding container, presence of larvae in water holding container, ill person with similar signs and symptoms in the family or neighbors, and not wearing full body cover clothes are risk factors for chikungunya virus outbreak.

Download Full-text