Effect of nutritional factors on adherence to antiretroviral therapy among HIV-infected adults: a case control study in Northern Ethiopia

Introduction. The primary goal of antiretroviral therapy (ART) is to reduce the viral load in HIV-infected patients to promote quality of life, as well as to reduce HIV-related morbidity and mortality. A high rate of virologic failure was reported in Waghimra Zone, Northwest Ethiopia, in viral load assessment conducted among HIV-infected patients on ART in the Amhara region. However, there is limited evidence on the determinants of virological failure in the study area. This study aimed to identify the determinants of virological failure among HIV-infected patients on antiretroviral therapy in Waghimra zone, Northern Ethiopia, 2019. Methods. An institutional-based unmatched case-control study was conducted from May 21 to June 30, 2019. Cases were people living with HIV (PLHIV) on ART who had already experienced virological failure; controls were those without virological failure. Data were extracted from 92 cases and 184 controls through chart review using a pretested and structured checklist. The data were entered using Epi Info version 7 and exported to SPSS version 20 for analysis. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was carried out to identify factors associated with virological failure, and variables with a P value <0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results. This study revealed that poor adherence to ART (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 4.24, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.17, 8.31), taking ART for longer than five years (AOR = 3.11, 95% CI: 1.17, 8.25), having drug toxicity (AOR = 3.34, 95% CI: 1.54, 7.23), age of PLHIV ≥ 35 years (AOR = 2.45, 95% CI: 1.29,4.64), and recent CD4 count <200 cells/mm³ (AOR = 3.06, 95% CI: 1.52, 6.13) were factors associated with virologic failure. Conclusion and Recommendation. This study showed that poor adherence to treatment, longer duration on ART, experiencing drug toxicity, older age, and recent CD4 <200 cell/mm³ are factors that increase the risk of virologic failure.

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Psychosocial correlates of nutritional status among people living with HIV on antiretroviral therapy: A matched case-control study in Central zone of Tigray, Northern Ethiopia

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0174082 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. e0174082 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Negassie Berhe Weldehaweria ◽

Elsa Hagos Abreha ◽

Meresa Gebremedhin Weldu ◽

Kebede Haile Misgina

Keyword(s):

Antiretroviral Therapy ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Central Zone ◽

Case Control ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

Northern Ethiopia ◽

Matched Case ◽

Living With Hiv ◽

Matched Case Control Study ◽

Control Study

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Case-control study of breast cancer in south east England: nutritional factors

Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health ◽

10.1136/jech.52.2.105 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 52 (2) ◽

pp. 105-110 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

J. Cade ◽

E. Thomas ◽

A. Vail

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Nutritional Factors ◽

South East England ◽

Control Study

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Periodontal status of HIV-infected patients undergoing antiretroviral therapy compared to HIV-therapy naive patients: a case control study

European Journal of Medical Research ◽

10.1186/2047-783x-17-2 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 2 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Ulrich Fricke ◽

Werner Geurtsen ◽

Ingmar Staufenbiel ◽

Alexander Rahman

Keyword(s):

Antiretroviral Therapy ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Periodontal Status ◽

Hiv Therapy ◽

Control Study

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Nutritional factors and risk of pancreatic cancer: a population-based case-control study based on direct interview in Japan

Journal of Gastroenterology ◽

10.1007/s00535-004-1537-0 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 40 (3) ◽

pp. 297-301 ◽

Cited By ~ 36

Author(s):

Yingsong Lin ◽

Akiko Tamakoshi ◽

Tetsuo Hayakawa ◽

Satoru Naruse ◽

Motoji Kitagawa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pancreatic Cancer ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Population Based ◽

Case Control ◽

Nutritional Factors ◽

Control Study

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Changes in Inflammation but Not in T-Cell Activation Precede Non-AIDS-Defining Events in a Case-Control Study of Patients on Long-term Antiretroviral Therapy

The Journal of Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/infdis/jix666 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 218 (2) ◽

pp. 239-248 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Konstantia Angelidou ◽

Peter W Hunt ◽

Alan L Landay ◽

Cara C Wilson ◽

Benigno Rodriguez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

T Cell ◽

Antiretroviral Therapy ◽

T Cell Activation ◽

Cell Activation ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Control Study

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Determinant factors for the occurrence of tuberculosis after initiation of antiretroviral treatment among adult patients living with HIV at Dessie Referral Hospital, South Wollo, Northeast Ethiopia, 2020. A case-control study

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0248490 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (3) ◽

pp. e0248490

Author(s):

Mehd Abdu ◽

Yeshimebet Ali ◽

Samuel Anteneh ◽

Mohammed Yesuf ◽

Adane Birhanu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antiretroviral Therapy ◽

Opportunistic Infection ◽

Study Design ◽

Random Sampling ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Referral Hospital ◽

Living With Hiv ◽

Dessie Referral Hospital ◽

Control Study

Introduction Globally, tuberculosis takes the first rank for the ill-health of people living with HIV/AIDS. Despite the favorable outcome of antiretroviral therapy, the risk of tuberculosis remains higher among HIV patients. This obliges to identify factors for its occurrence and further prevention of drug-resistant tuberculosis. There is a contradiction between different studies and studies conducted in Ethiopia studied poorly the association between adherence to antiretroviral therapy and viral load with tuberculosis. Studies conducted in the study area were limited to cross-sectional study design. Therefore, this study claimed to identify factors determining the occurrence of tuberculosis after initiation of antiretroviral therapy. Methods This study was conducted at Dessie Referral Hospital by using a case-control study design on a sample of 565 with a control: case ratio of 3:1. Participants from controls were selected by systematic random sampling and from cases by consecutive random sampling. The data were collected by interviewing through structured questionnaires and from the medical record. The data were entered into Epi data version 3.1. In the multivariable analysis, variables with a P-value of ≤0.05 were anticipated as independent determinant factors. Result Patients without separate kitchen (AOR: 3.547, 95% CI: 2.137, 5.888), having opportunistic infection (AOR: 3.728, 95% CI: 2.058, 6.753), CD4 count of <350 cells/mm3 (AOR: 3.383, 95% CI: 1.520, 7.528), baseline WHO stage III (AOR: 3.321, 95% CI: 1.688, 6.534) or IV (AOR: 2.900, 95% CI: 1.251, 6.722), don’t taking IPT (AOR: 3.701, 95% CI: 2.228, 6.147) and those who were poorly adherent (AOR: 2.626, 95% CI: 1.272, 5.423) or moderately adherent (AOR: 3.455, 95% CI: 1.885, 6.335) to anti-retroviral therapy were more likely to develop tuberculosis after anti-retroviral therapy initiation. Conclusion Poor housing conditions, having an opportunistic infection, low CD4 count, starting ART at the advanced HIV stage, don’t take IPT, and being poorly adherent to antiretroviral therapy were associated with the occurrence of TB after initiation of ART. The institution should screen for TB as early as possible and strictly follow their drug adherence.

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Determinants of Low APGAR score in Newborns Delivered at Lemlem Karl General Hospital, Northern Ethiopia, 2018: A Case Control Study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-32019/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Mussie Mulugeta Gebremedhin ◽

Mengistu Welday Gebremichael ◽

Berhane Gebreegizabiher Gebremichael ◽

Mihrete-ab Mehari Reda ◽

Tesfay Adhena Hailu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

General Hospital ◽

Apgar Score ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Northern Ethiopia ◽

Determinant Factors ◽

Hypertensive Disorders ◽

Control Study

Abstract BACKGROUND: The Apgar score is a method to quickly summarize the health of newborn children. It establishes a simple and clear classification of newborns, which could be used to predict survival and to compare methods of resuscitation and perinatal experience across hospitals and obstetric practices. Low Apgar score is associated with various immediate and long-term adverse health outcomes of newborns. Hence; in order to decrease the risk/complications, identifying the determinant factors of low Apgar is crucial to act on the modifiable risk factors. This study is aimed to investigate the determinant factors of a low Apgar score in newborn children.METHOD: The study was conducted in Lemelem Karl general hospital; northern Ethiopia. An institutional-based unmatched, case-control study was implemented. Data were retrieved from medical charts of 662 newborns’ mothers who gave birth in the hospital from Sep 2014 to Sep 2017. Among these, 221 of them were cases (charts of mothers whose newborns’ fifth minute Apgar score was <7) and 441 of them were controls (charts of mothers whose newborns’ Apgar score was 7 and above). Data was collected using a pretested and structured checklist using systematic sampling and data was entered & analyzed using SPSS version 20. Binary and multivariable logistic regression was done to determine the association and statistical significance was declared at P-value of ≤0.05. RESULTS: This study revealed that low Apgar score was significantly associated with antepartum hemorrhage [Adjusted odss ratio (AOR) 3.509; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.526-8.067), P= 0.003], pregnancy-induced hypertensive disorders [AOR 2.69; 95% CI (1.351-5.357), P= 0.005], prolonged second stage of labor [AOR 2.63; 95% CI (1.399-4.944), P= 0.003], Cesarean delivery [AOR 2.005; 95%CI (1.223-3.287), P= 0.006],meconium-stained liquor [AOR 6.955; 95% CI (3.721-13.001), P<0.001], and low birth weight [AOR 4.38; 95% CI (2.216-8.657), P<0.001].CONCLUSION: Result from this study showed a remarkable linkage of low Apgar score with antepartum hemorrhage, pregnancy-induced hypertensive disorders, meconium-stained liquor, and low birth weight. Therefore, meticulous antenatal care and labour management service are recommended to prevent low Apgar score and the concomitant neonatal death.

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