scholarly journals Determinant factors for the occurrence of tuberculosis after initiation of antiretroviral treatment among adult patients living with HIV at Dessie Referral Hospital, South Wollo, Northeast Ethiopia, 2020. A case-control study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. e0248490
Author(s):  
Mehd Abdu ◽  
Yeshimebet Ali ◽  
Samuel Anteneh ◽  
Mohammed Yesuf ◽  
Adane Birhanu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Opportunistic Infection ◽  
Study Design ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Referral Hospital ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Dessie Referral Hospital ◽  
Control Study

Introduction Globally, tuberculosis takes the first rank for the ill-health of people living with HIV/AIDS. Despite the favorable outcome of antiretroviral therapy, the risk of tuberculosis remains higher among HIV patients. This obliges to identify factors for its occurrence and further prevention of drug-resistant tuberculosis. There is a contradiction between different studies and studies conducted in Ethiopia studied poorly the association between adherence to antiretroviral therapy and viral load with tuberculosis. Studies conducted in the study area were limited to cross-sectional study design. Therefore, this study claimed to identify factors determining the occurrence of tuberculosis after initiation of antiretroviral therapy. Methods This study was conducted at Dessie Referral Hospital by using a case-control study design on a sample of 565 with a control: case ratio of 3:1. Participants from controls were selected by systematic random sampling and from cases by consecutive random sampling. The data were collected by interviewing through structured questionnaires and from the medical record. The data were entered into Epi data version 3.1. In the multivariable analysis, variables with a P-value of ≤0.05 were anticipated as independent determinant factors. Result Patients without separate kitchen (AOR: 3.547, 95% CI: 2.137, 5.888), having opportunistic infection (AOR: 3.728, 95% CI: 2.058, 6.753), CD4 count of <350 cells/mm3 (AOR: 3.383, 95% CI: 1.520, 7.528), baseline WHO stage III (AOR: 3.321, 95% CI: 1.688, 6.534) or IV (AOR: 2.900, 95% CI: 1.251, 6.722), don’t taking IPT (AOR: 3.701, 95% CI: 2.228, 6.147) and those who were poorly adherent (AOR: 2.626, 95% CI: 1.272, 5.423) or moderately adherent (AOR: 3.455, 95% CI: 1.885, 6.335) to anti-retroviral therapy were more likely to develop tuberculosis after anti-retroviral therapy initiation. Conclusion Poor housing conditions, having an opportunistic infection, low CD4 count, starting ART at the advanced HIV stage, don’t take IPT, and being poorly adherent to antiretroviral therapy were associated with the occurrence of TB after initiation of ART. The institution should screen for TB as early as possible and strictly follow their drug adherence.

scholarly journals Determinant factors for adherence to antiretroviral therapy among adult HIV patients at Dessie Referral Hospital, South Wollo, Northeast Ethiopia: a case–control study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehd Abdu ◽  
Betelhem Walelgn
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Study Design ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Referral Hospital ◽  
World Health ◽  
Hiv Patients ◽  
Determinant Factors ◽  
Dessie Referral Hospital ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Introduction World health organization defined adherence as the extent to which a person’s behavior – taking medications, following a diet, or executing lifestyle changes correspond with agreed recommendations from the health care provider. There is a contradiction among studies and previous studies conducted in the study area used a cross-sectional study design. This study aimed to identify determinant factors for adherence to antiretroviral treatment among people living with HIV at Dessie Referral Hospital by using an unmatched case–control study design. Methods and materials an institution-based unmatched case–control study design was used on a total sample of 582 (146 controls and 436 cases). Each respondent was selected by consecutive random sampling. The collected data were entered and analyzed by using Statistical Package for Social Science version 25.0. Multivariable binary logistic regression analysis was used to identify variables that were statistically significant determinants. Result The mean age of the respondents was 41.64 years. About 61.5% of the participants were females. Patients with baseline HIV stage I was more likely to be adherent to the prescribed HIV medicine (AOR: 2.194 95% CI: 1.116, 4.314) as compared with those with baseline WHO stage IV. Patients who did not take anti-tuberculosis medication collaterally with the prescribed HIV medicine were more likely to be adherent (AOR: 2.271 95% CI: 1.257, 4.102). Patients who took antiretroviral therapy for more than 24 months were more likely to be adherent (AOR: 3.665 95% CI: 1.321, 10.170). Conclusion Initiation of antiretroviral therapy at the later stage of the disease and taking anti-tuberculosis concomitantly were negatively associated with adherence. Being on antiretroviral therapy for a longer duration has a positive association. Health facilities and professionals should strictly apply strategies for the prevention of tuberculosis among HIV patients to avoid concomitant use of anti-tuberculosis medications.

scholarly journals Changes in Inflammation but Not in T-Cell Activation Precede Non-AIDS-Defining Events in a Case-Control Study of Patients on Long-term Antiretroviral Therapy

2017 ◽  
Vol 218 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konstantia Angelidou ◽  
Peter W Hunt ◽  
Alan L Landay ◽  
Cara C Wilson ◽  
Benigno Rodriguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
T Cell Activation ◽  
Cell Activation ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Control Study

scholarly journals Hubungan Riwayat Cidera Lutut Terhadap Pasien Yang Berpotensi Osteoarthritis Lutut Di Puskesmas Dinoyo Kota Malang

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-29
Author(s):  
Safun Rahmanto ◽  
Khaiyatul Aisyah
Keyword(s):  
Random Sampling ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Ligament Sprain ◽  
Control Study

ABSTRAK Latar belakang : Osteoartritis merupakan salah satu penyakit degenerative yang ditandai dengan hilangnya tulang rawan articular dan terjadi peradangan sinovial yang menyebabkan kekakuan sendi, nyeri dan kehilangan mobilitas sendi. Ada banyak faktor risiko osteoarthritis lutut, salah satunya  adalah riwayat cidera lutut. Cidera lutut menurunkan kestabilan sendi lutut pada bantalan beban tubuh. Cidera lutut meningkatkan risiko osteoarthritis pada area kontak tibiofemoral dan tekanan pada  cidera meniscal, sehingga menyebabkan unstabil sendi berupa ligament sprain dan lesi pada chondral atau dengan mengganggu sistem neuromuskular. Individu dengan riwayat trauma sendi 3-6 kali lebih berpotensi terjadinya osteoarthritis lutut. Dalam 5 tahun cedera, lutut mengalami perubahan struktural seperti, perubahan komposisi tulang rawan, dan perubahan pada struktur  ulang. Tujuan Penelitian : Menganalisis hubungan antara riwayat cidera lutut terhadap pasien yang berpotensi osteoarthritis lutut di Puskesmas Dinoyo Kota Malang.  etode Penelitian : Desain penelitian menggunakan Case Control Study dengan jumlah sampel 120 responden di Puskesmas Dinoyo Kota Malang yang  diambil dengan metode Simple Random Sampling. Pengambilan data untuk mengetahui riwayat cidera lutut dinilai dengan kuesioner OA Risk C dan wawancara mendalam. Potensi adanya osteoarthritis lutut dinilai menggunakan pemeriksaan fisik, skala jette dan data sekunder dari Puskesmas Dinoyo Kota Malang. Hasil : Hasil penelitian dengan uji Chi-Square terhadap Riwayat cidera lutut dikaitkan dengan osteoarthritis lutut dalam penelitian ini didapatkan nilai signifikan lebih kecil dari alpha 5% (0,00 < 0,05) dengan Odds Ratio [OR= 5,82 (95% CI 2,54-13,35)]. Kesimpulan : Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara riwayat cidera lutut terhadap pasien yang berpotensi osteoarthritis lutut di Puskesmas Dinoyo Kota Malang dan orang yang  memiliki riwayat cidera lutut berpeluang 5  kali lebih besar menderita osteoarthritis lutut daripada orang yang tidak memiliki riwayat cidera lutut.  

scholarly journals FAKTOR RISIKO YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN KEJADIAN PENYAKIT REMATIK DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS WUNA KECAMATAN BARANGKA KABUPATEN MUNA BARAT TAHUN 2019

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Siti Silafati ◽  
Yasnani Yasnani ◽  
Renni Meliahsari
Keyword(s):  
Random Sampling ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Control Study

Rematik merupakan kelompok penyakit heterogen sebagai akibat deposisi kristal monosodium urat (MSU)pada jaringan atau akibat supersaturasi asam urat di dalam cairan ekstraseluler merupakan pemicu utamaterjadinya peradangan atau inflamasi kejadian rematik. Penyakit rematik ini merupakan salah satu penyakityang sering ditemukan dan tersebar di seluruh dunia. Data Puskesmas Wuna menunjukkan jumlah kasuspenyakit rematiki tergolong cukup tinggi. Pada tahun 2016 yaitu 364 kasus (30,46%), tahun 2017 yaitu 382kasus (31,97%), dan pada tahun 2018 sebanyak 449 kasus (37,57%). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untukmengetahui faktor risiko yang berhubungan dengan kejadian penyakit rematik di wilayah kerja PuskesmasWuna Kecamatan Barangka Kabupaten Muna Barat Tahun 2019. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalahmetode penelitian kuantitatif dengan rancangan case control study. Populasi adalah semua pasien rematiktercatat pada rekam medik di Puskesmas Wuna selama Bulan Mei hingga Oktober tahun 2019 sebanyak 204 pasien dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 116 responden terdiri dari 58 sebagai sampel kasus dan 58 sebagai sampel kontrol yang diperoleh menggunakan teknik proportional random sampling. Data dianalisis secaraunivariat dan bivariat dengan menggunakan uji Chi-square. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ada hubungan antaraaktivitas fisik (p=0,000 dan nilai OR=5.884) dengan kejadian penyakit rematik. Tidak terdapat hubungan antaraasupan purin (p=0.155 dan OR=1.989.) dan IMT (p= 0.565 dan OR=0.820) dengan kejadian penyakit rematik.Kata Kunci : Penyakit Rematik, Asupan Purin, Aktivitas Fisik, IMT. 

scholarly journals Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine impact assessment in Bangladesh

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdullah H. Baqui ◽  
Eric D. McCollum ◽  
Samir K. Saha ◽  
Arun K. Roy ◽  
Nabidul H. Chowdhury ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Study Design ◽  
Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Incident Case ◽  
Vaccine Type ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Control Study

The study examines the impact of the introduction of 10-valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine (PCV10) into Bangladesh’s national vaccine program. PCV10 is administered to children under 1 year-old; the scheduled ages of administration are at 6, 10, and 18 weeks. The study is conducted in ~770,000 population containing ~90,000 <5 children in Sylhet, Bangladesh and has five objectives: 1) To collect data on community-based pre-PCV incidence rates of invasive pneumococcal diseases (IPD) in 0-59 month-old children in Sylhet, Bangladesh; 2) To evaluate the effectiveness of PCV10 introduction on Vaccine Type (VT) IPD in 3-59 month-old children using an incident case-control study design. Secondary aims include measuring the effects of PCV10 introduction on all IPD in 3-59 month-old children using case-control study design, and quantifying the emergence of Non Vaccine Type IPD; 3) To evaluate the effectiveness of PCV10 introduction on chest radiograph-confirmed pneumonia in children 3-35 months old using incident case-control study design. We will estimate the incidence trend of clinical and radiologically-confirmed pneumonia in 3-35 month-old children in the study area before and after introduction of PCV10; 4) To determine the feasibility and utility of lung ultrasound for the diagnosis of pediatric pneumonia in a large sample of children in a resource-limited setting. We will also evaluate the effectiveness of PCV10 introduction on ultrasound-confirmed pneumonia in 3-35 month-old children using an incident case-control design and to examine the incidence trend of ultrasound-confirmed pneumonia in 3-35 month-old children in the study area before and after PCV10 introduction; and 5) To determine the direct and indirect effects of vaccination status on nasopharyngeal colonization on VT pneumococci among children with pneumonia.  This paper presents the methodology. The study will allow us to conduct a comprehensive and robust assessment of the impact of national introduction of PCV10 on pneumococcal disease in Bangladesh.

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