scholarly journals Current iodine nutrition status and progress toward elimination of iodine deficiency disorders in Jazan, Saudi Arabia

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rashad Mohammed Ali Alsanosy ◽  
Abdelrahim Mutwakel Gaffar ◽  
Husam Eldin Elsawi Khalafalla ◽  
Mohamed Salih Mahfouz ◽  
Abdel Naser Shaaban Zaid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Iodine Deficiency ◽  
Nutrition Status ◽  
Iodine Deficiency Disorders ◽  
Iodine Nutrition

Iodine nutrition status of women after 10 years of Lipiodol supplementation: a cross-sectional study in Xinjiang, China

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Lixiang Liu ◽  
Peng Liu ◽  
Qin Lin ◽  
Xiaohui Su ◽  
Jia Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iodine Deficiency ◽  
Urinary Iodine ◽  
Thyroid Volume ◽  
Nutrition Status ◽  
Thyroid Peroxidase ◽  
Urinary Iodine Concentration ◽  
Free Triiodothyronine ◽  
Iodine Nutrition ◽  
Detection Rates ◽  
Status Of Women

Abstract This study examined the contribution of long-term use of Lipiodol capsules, as a supplement to iodised salt to the control of iodine deficiency disorders among women in Xinjiang of China. A total of 1220 women across Kashgar, Aksu, Turpan and Yili Prefectures were surveyed in 2017. Lipiodol capsules were administered twice yearly in Kashgar and once yearly in Aksu and Turpan, but not in Yili. Urinary iodine concentration (UIC), free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), thyroglobulin antibody, thyroid peroxidase antibody and thyroid volume values were assessed. All the women in the four areas were in a state of non-iodine deficiency by UIC. The UIC were higher than adequate in Kashgar and Aksu (619·4 v. 278·6 μg/l). Thyroid hormone levels differed significantly in Turpan and Yili (FT3: 4·4 v. 4·6 pmol/l, FT4: 13·8 v. 14·2 pmol/l, TSH: 2·0 v. 2·7 mIU/l), but did not differ significantly in Kashgar, Aksu and Yili. The four areas did not differ significantly with regard to thyroid nodules, autoimmune thyroiditis or goitre. However, the detection rates of subclinical hypothyroidism (16·6 %) and total thyroid dysfunction (25·4 %) were higher among women in Yili. The supplementation with Lipiodol capsules had improved the iodine nutrition status of women in iodine-deficient areas of Xinjiang since 2006. To avoid negative effects of excess iodine, we suggest a gradual discontinuation of Lipiodol capsules in women with special needs based on the existing iodine nutrition level of local women.

scholarly journals Insufficient iodine nutrition status and the risk of pre-eclampsia: a protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. e025573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Bitamazire Businge ◽  
Namhla Madini ◽  
Benjamin Longo-Mbenza ◽  
A P Kengne
Keyword(s):  
Iodine Deficiency ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Iodine Intake ◽  
Nutrition Status ◽  
Iodine Nutrition ◽  
Populations At Risk ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Iodine Deficiency In Pregnancy ◽  
In Pregnancy

IntroductionPre-eclampsia is one of the leading causes of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) in pregnancy is one of the established risk factors for pre-eclampsia, the link between iodine deficiency, the main cause of hypothyroidism and pre-eclampsia remains uncertain. About two billion people live in areas with iodine insufficiency. The increased renal blood flow during pregnancy leading to increased renal iodine clearance together with the increased placental transfer of iodine to the fetus leads to further iodine deficiency in pregnancy. Iodine is one of the most potent exogenous antioxidants whose deficiency is associated with oxidant imbalance and endothelial dysfunction, one of the mechanisms associated with increased risk of pre-eclampsia.Methods and analysisA systematic search of published literature will be conducted for case–control studies that directly determined the iodine nutrition status of women with pre-eclampsia and appropriate normotensive controls. A similar search will be conducted for cohort studies in which the incidence of pre-eclampsia among pregnant women with adequate and inadequate iodine nutrition status was reported. Databases including MEDLINE, EMBASE, Google Scholar, SCOPUS and Africa Wide Information will be searched up to 31 December 2018. Screening of identified articles and data extraction will be conducted independently by two investigators. Risk of bias of the included studies will be assessed using a Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Appropriate meta-analytic techniques will be used to pool prevalence and incidence rates, odds and relative risk of pre-eclampsia from studies with similar features, overall and by geographical regions. Heterogeneity of the estimates across studies will be assessed and quantified and publication bias investigated. This protocol is reported according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis protocols (PRISMA-P) 2015 guidelines.Ethics and disseminationSince the proposed study will use published data, there is no requirement for ethical approval. This review seeks to identify the risk of pre-eclampsia associated with insufficient iodine nutrition in pregnancy. This will help to ascertain whether insufficient iodine intake may be an independent risk factor for pre-eclampsia. This will advise policy makers on the possibility of maximising iodine nutrition in pregnancy and reproductive age as one of the remedies for prevention of pre-eclampsia among populations at risk of inadequate iodine intake. This review is part of the thesis that will be submitted for the award of a PhD in Medicine to the Faculty of Health Sciences of the University of Cape Town. In addition the results will be published in a peer-reviewed journal.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42018099427.

scholarly journals Iodine-deficiency disorders in the Aseer region, south-western Saudi Arabia: 20 years after the national survey and universal salt iodization

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (14) ◽  
pp. 2523-2529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fuad I Abbag ◽  
Saeed A Abu-Eshy ◽  
Ahmed A Mahfouz ◽  
Suliman A Al-Fifi ◽  
Hussein El-Wadie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Iodine Deficiency ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Urinary Iodine ◽  
Iodine Content ◽  
National Study ◽  
Urinary Iodine Concentration ◽  
Iodine Deficiency Disorders ◽  
Table Salt ◽  
Salt Iodization

AbstractObjectiveTo study (i) the current prevalence of iodine-deficiency disorders among schoolchildren in south-western Saudi Arabia after universal salt iodization and (ii) the iodine content of table salts and water.DesignCross-sectional study on a stratified proportional allocation sample of children. Thyroid gland enlargement was assessed clinically and by ultrasound scanning. Urine, table salt and water samples were taken to measure iodine content.SettingsThe Aseer region, south-western Saudi Arabia.SubjectsSchoolchildren aged 8–10 years.ResultsThe study included 3046 schoolchildren. The total goitre rate amounted to 24·0 %. Prevalence of enlarged thyroid by ultrasound was 22·7 %. The median urinary iodine concentration of the study sample amounted to 17·0 µg/l. The iodine content of table salt ranged from 0 to 112 mg/kg; 22·5 % of the table salt samples were below the recommended iodine content (15 mg/kg) set by WHO. The total goitre rate increased significantly from 19·8 % among children using table salt with iodine content ≥15 mg/kg to reach 48·5 % among children using table salt with 0 mg iodine/kg. Analysis of water samples taken from schools showed that the majority of water samples (78·8 %) had an iodine content of 0 µg/l.ConclusionsThe study documented that 18 years after the national study, and after more than a decade of universal salt iodization in Saudi Arabia, the problem of iodine-deficiency disorders is still endemic in the Aseer region. Efforts should focus on fostering advocacy and communication and ensuring the availability of adequately iodized salt.

Toward an Ecosocial Epidemiological Approach to Goiter and Other Iodine Deficiency Disorders: A Case Study of India's Technocratic Program for Universal Iodization of Salt

2009 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 343-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ritu Priya ◽  
Atul Kotwal ◽  
Imrana Qadeer
Keyword(s):  
Iodine Deficiency ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
World Health ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Iodine Deficiency Disorders ◽  
Iodine Nutrition ◽  
The Government ◽  
Epidemiological Approach

The program of universal salt iodization (USI) was intensified in the 1990s. Unfortunately, a recent World Health Organization review finds that there was a global increase of 31.7 percent in total goiter rate from 1993 to 2003. However, the WHO review places only 1 country as severely, 13 as moderately, and 40 as mildly deficient in populations' iodine nutrition, and places 43 countries at optimal, 24 at high, and 5 at excessive levels of iodine nutrition. Thus, it is imperative to weigh the benefits and risks of intensifying USI further. The WHO review places India in the category of “adequate” iodine nutrition, but in 2005 the Government of India promulgated a universal ban on sale of non-iodized salt, calling iodine deficiency disorders (IDDs) a major public health problem. This article attempts to understand these contradictions and weigh the benefits and costs of USI. Based on a review of studies since the 1920s, the authors reconstruct the evolution of IDD control in India. Conceptual and methodological limitations challenge the evidence base and rationale of stricter implementation of USI now. Finding evidence for its negative impact, the authors recommend a reexamination of the USI strategy and propose a safer, people-centered, ecosocial epidemiological approach rather than a universal legal ban.

scholarly journals Prevalence of iodine deficiency disoriders among school children in Saudi Arabia: results of a national iodine nutrition study

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 301-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mushary Al-Dakheel ◽  
Hassan Haridi ◽  
Bushra Al-Bashir ◽  
Ali Al-Shangiti ◽  
Sulaiman Al-Shehri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Iodine Deficiency ◽  
School Children ◽  
Iodine Nutrition ◽  
Nutrition Study

scholarly journals Iodine deficiency disorders (IDD) in Burie and Womberma Districts, West Gojjam, Ethiopia

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (64) ◽  
pp. 9167-9180
Author(s):  
KA Aweke ◽  
◽  
BT Adamu ◽  
AM Girmay ◽  
T Yohannes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iodine Deficiency ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Urinary Iodine ◽  
The Body ◽  
Iodine Deficiency Disorders ◽  
Iodine Nutrition ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Biological Mother ◽  
Iodine Level

Iodine deficiency disorders (IDD) affect millions of people in developing countries mainly due to dietary iodine deficiency and aggravating factors that affect the bioavailability of iodine in the body. Iodine deficiency disorder is one of the public health problems of Ethiopia. Recent findings show that both endemic a nd non- endemic areas have high goiter rates . Burie and Womberma districts are two of the endemic goiter areas in the country. T he etiology of goiter in these areas is not fully studied so far. T he objective of this cross -sectional community based study was to assess the magnitude and causes of goiter . The study was conducted in July 2010. The sample size was determined by assuming 50% prevalence of total goiter rate, 5% error, 95% confidence interval, design effect of 1(random) and 5% of non- response rate. A two -stage random sampling (sub- district and village ) was used to select children age d 6- 12 years and their biological mother s from 10 randomly selected village s in each of the districts . Overall , 403 households participated in the study. The assessment was conducted using palpation of thyroid size, urinary iodine level determination , household level interview and Focus Group Discussion (FGD). The study revealed a total goiter prevalence rate of 54% and 30.1 % in children and their biological mother s, respectively . More than 64% of the children were severely iodine deficient. The major cause for goiter as revealed by urinary iodine level and concentration of iodized salt is dietary iodine deficiency. There are no goitrogenic foods such as cassava; however, goitrogenic chemicals such as Dichlorodiphenyl trichloroethane ( DDT ) and 2,4 -Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid ( 2,4- D) were widely use d. The study area s are known for surplus produce of cereals, legumes and chilli. In order to reverse the problem , immediate and sustainable distribution of iodated salt /oil capsule , prohibition of direct application of pesticides on foods and awareness creation on adverse effects of IDD and benefits of iodine nutrition is highly recommended.

scholarly journals Thyroglobulin as a marker of iodine nutrition status in the general population

2009 ◽  
Vol 161 (3) ◽  
pp. 475-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pernille Vejbjerg ◽  
Nils Knudsen ◽  
Hans Perrild ◽  
Peter Laurberg ◽  
Allan Carlé ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iodine Deficiency ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Urinary Iodine ◽  
Thyroid Volume ◽  
Nutrition Status ◽  
Iodine Nutrition ◽  
Serum Thyroglobulin ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Iodine Status ◽  
Reference Limit

ObjectiveThe iodine status of a population is traditionally evaluated by either urinary iodine (UI) excretion or by some measure of thyroid volume and the prevalence of goitre. In this prospective study of a mandatory iodization programme, we aimed to evaluate serum thyroglobulin (Tg) as a marker of iodine status in the population.MethodsTwo identical cross-sectional studies were performed before (1997–1998,n=4649) and after (2004–2005,n=3570) the initiation of the Danish iodization programme in two areas with mild and moderate iodine deficiency. Serum Tg was measured from blood samples. Thyroid volume was measured by ultrasonography.ResultsBefore iodization, the median serum Tg was considerably higher in moderate than in mild iodine deficiency. Iodization led to a lower serum Tg in all examined age groups. The marked pre-iodization difference in Tg level between the regions was eliminated. The prevalence of Tg above the suggested reference limit (40 μg/l) decreased from 11.3 to 3.7% (P<0.0001). Using bootstrapping, we demonstrated a higher efficacy of Tg than of thyroid volume to show a difference between pre- and post-iodization values.ConclusionWe found serum Tg to be a suitable marker of iodine nutrition status in the population. The results may suggest that the Danish iodization programme has led to a sufficient iodine intake, even if the median UI excretion is still marginally low according to WHO criteria.

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