scholarly journals Experimental depletion of CD8+ cells in acutely SIVagm-Infected African Green Monkeys results in increased viral replication

Retrovirology ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thaidra Gaufin ◽  
Ruy M Ribeiro ◽  
Rajeev Gautam ◽  
Jason Dufour ◽  
Daniel Mandell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Replication ◽  
Cd8 Cells ◽  
Green Monkeys

scholarly journals Sites of Simian Foamy Virus Persistence in Naturally Infected African Green Monkeys: Latent Provirus Is Ubiquitous, Whereas Viral Replication Is Restricted to the Oral Mucosa

Virology ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 257 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valeria Falcone ◽  
Jörg Leupold ◽  
Jörn Clotten ◽  
Enikö Urbanyi ◽  
Ottmar Herchenröder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Replication ◽  
Oral Mucosa ◽  
Foamy Virus ◽  
Simian Foamy Virus ◽  
Virus Persistence ◽  
Latent Provirus ◽  
Green Monkeys

scholarly journals High Levels of Viral Replication during Primary Simian Immunodeficiency Virus SIVagm Infection Are Rapidly and Strongly Controlled in African Green Monkeys

2000 ◽  
Vol 74 (16) ◽  
pp. 7538-7547 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ousmane Madiagne Diop ◽  
Aïssatou Gueye ◽  
Marisa Dias-Tavares ◽  
Christopher Kornfeld ◽  
Abdourahmane Faye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Viral Replication ◽  
Simian Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Chronic Phase ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Viral Loads ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Green Monkeys

ABSTRACT In contrast to pathogenic human immunodeficiency virus and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infections, chronic SIVagm infections in African green monkeys (AGMs) are characterized by persistently low peripheral and tissue viral loads that correlate with the lack of disease observed in these animals. We report here data on the dynamics of acute SIVagm infection in AGMs that exhibit remarkable similarities with viral replication patterns observed in peripheral blood during the first 2 weeks of pathogenic SIVmac infections. Plasma viremia was evident at day 3 postinfection (p.i.) in AGMs, and rapid viral replication led by days 7 to 10 to peak viremias characterized by high levels of antigenemia (1.2 to 5 ng of p27/ml of plasma), peripheral DNA viral load (104 to 105 DNA copies/106 peripheral blood mononuclear cells [PBMC]), and plasma RNA viral load (2 × 106 to 2 × 108 RNA copies/ml). The lymph node (LN) RNA and DNA viral load patterns were similar to those in blood, with peaks observed between day 7 and day 14. These values in LNs (ranging from 3 × 105 to 3 × 106 RNA copies/106LN cell [LNC] and 103 to 104 DNA copies/106 LNC) were at no time point higher than those observed in the blood. Both in LNs and in blood, rapid and significant decreases were observed in all infected animals after this peak of viral replication. Within 3 to 4 weeks p.i., antigenemia was no longer detectable and peripheral viral loads decreased to values similar to those characteristic of the chronic phase of infection (102to 103 DNA copies/106 PBMC and 2 × 103 to 2 × 105 RNA copies/ml of plasma). In LNs, viral loads declined to 5 × 101 to 103 DNA copies and 104 to 3 × 105 RNA copies per 106 LNC at day 28 p.i. and continued to decrease until day 84 p.i. (<10 to 3 × 104 RNA copies/106 LNC). Despite extensive viremia during primary infection, neither follicular hyperplasia nor CD8+ cell infiltration into LN germinal centers was detected. Altogether, these results indicate that the nonpathogenic outcome of SIVagm infection in its natural host is associated with a rapidly induced control of viral replication in response to SIVagm infection, rather than with a poorly replicating virus or a constitutive host genetic resistance to virus replication.

Immune Electron Microscopy (IEM) of a Canine Adeno-Associated Virus

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 256-257
Author(s):  
Gunter F. Thomas ◽  
M. David Hoggan
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Cell Cultures ◽  
Complement Fixation ◽  
Hepatitis Virus ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Immune Electron Microscopy ◽  
Adeno Associated Virus ◽  
Virus Like Particle ◽  
Dog Kidney ◽  
Green Monkeys

In 1968, Sugimura and Yanagawa described a small 25 nm virus like particle in association with the Matsuda strain of infectious canine hepatitis virus (ICHV). Domoto and Yanagawa showed that this particle was dependent on ICHV for its replication in primary dog kidney cell cultures (PDK) and was resistant to heating at 70°C for 10 min, and concluded that it was a canine adeno-associated virus (CAAV). Later studies by Onuma and Yanagawa compared CAAV with the known human serotypes (AAV 1, 2, 3) and AAV-4, known to be associated with African Green Monkeys. Using the complement fixation (CF) test, they found that CAAV was serologically related to AAV-3 and had wide distribution in the dog population of Japan.

Virus-specific antibodies allow viral replication in the marginal zone, thereby promoting CD8+ T-cell priming and viral control

2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (12) ◽  
pp. 1343-1404
Author(s):  
V Duhan ◽  
V Khairnar ◽  
SK Friedrich ◽  
C Hardt ◽  
PA Lang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Viral Replication ◽  
Marginal Zone ◽  
Cd8 T Cell ◽  
Viral Control ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
T Cell Priming

TAMM HORSFALL PROTEIN: THE MEN BEHIND THE EPONYM

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. N. Paskalev ◽  
B. T. Galunska ◽  
D. Petkova-Valkova
Keyword(s):  
Viral Replication ◽  
Research Team ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Thick Ascending Limb ◽  
Rockefeller Institute ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Natural Inhibitor ◽  
Simplex Virus ◽  
First Time ◽  
New Protein

Tamm–Horsfall Protein (uromodulin) is named after Igor Tamm and Franc Horsfall Jr who described it for the first time in 1952. It is a glycoprotein, secreted by the cells in the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle. This protein will perform a number of important pathophysiological functions, including protection against uroinfections, especially caused by E. Сoli, and protection against formation of calcium concernments in the kidney. Igor Tamm (1922-1995) is an outstanding cytologist, virologist and biochemist. He is one of the pioneers in the study of viral replication. He was born in Estonia and died in the USA. In 1964 he was elected for a professorship in Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research, where has been working continuously. Since 1959, he became a head of the virology lab established by his mentor and co-author Franc Horsfall. In the course of studies on the natural inhibitor of viral replication, Tamm and Horsfall isolated and characterized biochemically a new protein named after their names. Franc Lappin Horsfall Jr (1906-1971) was a well-known clinician and virologist with remarkable achievements in internal medicine. He was born and died in the USA. He worked in the Rockefeller Hospital from 1934 to 1960, then in the Center for Cancer Research at the Sloan-Kettering Institute. Here he was a leader of a research team studying the molecular mechanisms of immunity, the effects of chemotherapy with benzimidazole compounds (together with I. Tamm), coxsackie viruses, herpes simplex virus, etc. 

EFFICACY OF LAMIVUDINE IN PATIENTS WITH HBV- RELATED HEPATIC CIRRHOSIS

2012 ◽  
pp. 107-113
Author(s):  
Van Huy Tran ◽  
Hoai Phong Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Viral Replication ◽  
Antiviral Therapy ◽  
Hepatic Cirrhosis ◽  
Hbeag Seroconversion ◽  
Hbv Dna ◽  
Hbeag Loss ◽  
Complications Of Cirrhosis

Background: The recent studies concerning antiviral therapy in HBV-related cirrhosis showed the promising results. This study is aimed at assessing efficacy of lamivudine in patients with HBV-related cirrhosis. Patients and methods: 41 patients with HBsAg positive-cirrhosis and evidence of viral replication were enrolled in the study. Lamivudine is given 100 mg per day and the follow-up is 12 months. Results: The rates of HBV DNA undetectable was 58.53%, 68.29% and 87.80% after 36.6 and 12 months, respectively. The rate of HBeAg loss and HBeAg seroconversion are 57.14% and 35.71%. Child-Pugh scores decreased significantly after 6 and 12 months. The complications of cirrhosis were infrequent. Conclusion: Lamivudine appeared effective and safe in HBV-related hepatic cirrhosis.

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