scholarly journals Monoclonal antibodies to 65kDa glutamate decarboxylase induce epitope specific effects on motor and cognitive functions in rats

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christiane S Hampe ◽  
Laura Petrosini ◽  
Paola De Bartolo ◽  
Paola Caporali ◽  
Debora Cutuli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Glutamate Decarboxylase ◽  
Specific Effects

scholarly journals Monoclonal Antibodies as Neurological Therapeutics

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 92
Author(s):  
Panagiotis Gklinos ◽  
Miranta Papadopoulou ◽  
Vid Stanulovic ◽  
Dimos D. Mitsikostas ◽  
Dimitrios Papadopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Medical Specialties ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Neurological Conditions ◽  
Disease Pathways

Over the last 30 years the role of monoclonal antibodies in therapeutics has increased enormously, revolutionizing treatment in most medical specialties, including neurology. Monoclonal antibodies are key therapeutic agents for several neurological conditions with diverse pathophysiological mechanisms, including multiple sclerosis, migraines and neuromuscular disease. In addition, a great number of monoclonal antibodies against several targets are being investigated for many more neurological diseases, which reflects our advances in understanding the pathogenesis of these diseases. Untangling the molecular mechanisms of disease allows monoclonal antibodies to block disease pathways accurately and efficiently with exceptional target specificity, minimizing non-specific effects. On the other hand, accumulating experience shows that monoclonal antibodies may carry class-specific and target-associated risks. This article provides an overview of different types of monoclonal antibodies and their characteristics and reviews monoclonal antibodies currently in use or under development for neurological disease.

scholarly journals Variations in the TNF-α Gene (TNF-α -308G→A) Affect Attention and Action Selection Mechanisms in a Dissociated Fashion

2010 ◽  
Vol 104 (5) ◽  
pp. 2523-2531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Beste ◽  
Bernhard T. Baune ◽  
Michael Falkenstein ◽  
Carsten Konrad
Keyword(s):  
Single Nucleotide Polymorphism ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Action Selection ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphism ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Genotype Group ◽  
Brain Functions ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
Tnf Α

There is growing interest to understand the molecular basis of complex cognitive processes. While neurotransmitter systems have frequently been examined, other, for example neuroimmunological factors have attracted much less interest. Recent evidence suggests that the A allele of the tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) 308G→A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP; rs1800629) enhances cognitive functions. However, it is also known that TNF-α exerts divergent, region-specific effects on neuronal functioning. Thus the finding that the A allele is associated with enhanced cognitive performance may be due to regionally specific effects of TNF-α. In this study, associations between the TNF-α −308G→A single nucleotide polymorphism (rs1800629) and cognitive function in an event-related potential (ERP) study in healthy participants ( n = 96) are investigated. We focus on subprocesses of stimulus-response compatibility that are known to be mediated by different brain systems. The results show a dissociative effect of the TNF- 308G→A SNP on ERPs reflecting attentional (N1) versus conflict and action selection processes [N2 and early-lateralized readiness potential (e-LRP)] between the AA/AG and the GG genotypes. Compared with the GG genotype group, attentional processes (N1) were enhanced in the combined AA/AG genotype group, while conflict processing functions (N2) and the selection of actions (LRP) were reduced. The results refine the picture of the effects of the TNF-α −308G→A SNP on cognitive functions and emphasize the known divergent effects of TNF-α on brain functions.

scholarly journals Monoclonal antibodies with specific effects on partial activities of recA protein of Escherichia coli.

1985 ◽  
Vol 260 (29) ◽  
pp. 15402-15405
Author(s):  
O Makino ◽  
Y Shibata ◽  
H Maeda ◽  
T Shibata ◽  
T Ando
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Reca Protein ◽  
Specific Effects

scholarly journals Maize Leaf Epiphytic Bacteria Diversity Patterns Are Genetically Correlated with Resistance to Fungal Pathogen Infection

2010 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 473-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Balint-Kurti ◽  
Susan J. Simmons ◽  
James E. Blum ◽  
Carlos L. Ballaré ◽  
Ann E. Stapleton
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Diversity ◽  
Glutamate Decarboxylase ◽  
Radiation Effects ◽  
Gamma Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Plant Leaves ◽  
Chromosomal Locus ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
Allele Specific ◽  
Solar Uv ◽  
Ri Lines

Plant leaves host a specific set of microbial epiphytes. Plant genetic and solar UV-B radiation effects on the diversity of the phyllosphere were examined by measuring epiphytic bacterial ribosomal DNA diversity in a maize recombinant inbred (RI) mapping population. Several chromosomal quantitative trait loci (QTL) with significant effects on bacterial diversity were identified, some of which had effects only in the presence of UV-B radiation and others that had effects both with and without UV-B. Candidate genes with allele-specific effects were mapped to the bacterial diversity chromosomal regions. A glutamate decarboxylase candidate gene was located at a UV-B–specific chromosomal locus, and in a comparison between two RI lines with contrasting bacterial diversity phenotypes, high bacterial diversity was associated with high levels of glutamate decarboxylase enzyme activity, a component of the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) pathway. The bacterial diversity loci exhibited a significant overlap with loci connected with Southern leaf blight (SLB) susceptibility in the field. A SLB-resistant inbred genotype had less beta bacterial diversity, and antibiotic treatment of inbreds increased this diversity. These results suggest that the GABA pathway is genetically associated with phyllosphere bacterial diversity. Furthermore, the colocalization of QTL between low bacterial diversity and fungal blight–resistance and the increase in beta diversity in antibiotic-treated leaves suggest that occupation of leaf habitats by a particular set of suppressive bacteria may restrict phyllosphere bacterial variability and increase resistance to fungal infection.

Monoclonal antibodies to novel erythroid differentiation antigens reveal specific effects of oncogenes on the leukaemic cell phenotype

1986 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 257-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerzy A. Schmidt ◽  
John Marshall ◽  
Michael J. Hayman ◽  
Gabriele Doderlein ◽  
Hartmut Beug
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Erythroid Differentiation ◽  
Leukaemic Cell ◽  
Cell Phenotype ◽  
Differentiation Antigens ◽  
Specific Effects

No efficacy of anti-IL-23 therapy for axial spondyloarthritis in randomised controlled trials but in post-hoc analyses of psoriatic arthritis-related ‘physician-reported spondylitis’?

2021 ◽  
pp. annrheumdis-2021-221422
Author(s):  
Juergen Braun ◽  
Robert BM Landewé
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Psoriatic Arthritis ◽  
Randomised Controlled Trials ◽  
Axial Spondyloarthritis ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
Interleukin 23 ◽  
Pain Symptoms ◽  
Randomised Controlled ◽  
Post Hoc

The three monoclonal antibodies ustekinumab, guselkumab and risankizumab targeting the p 40 or the 19 subunit of interleukin -23 have now been approved for the indication psoriasis and the former two also for psoriatic arthritis (PsA). Ustekinumab and risankizumab have appeared ineffective in randomised controlled trials with patients with axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA), but post-hoc analyses of PsA trials have now suggested that they may improve back pain symptoms potentially induced by axial inflammation based on PsA. Here we argue that, based on the absence of efficacy in axSpA, this is unlikely and more probably due to generic, non-specific effects, which are not adequately covered by the tools developed for the assessment of inflammation in axSpA.

Language processing is not a race against time

2016 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giosuè Baggio ◽  
Carmelo M. Vicario
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Human Brain ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Memory Systems ◽  
Language System ◽  
Moderating Factors

AbstractWe agree with Christiansen & Chater (C&C) that language processing and acquisition are tightly constrained by the limits of sensory and memory systems. However, the human brain supports a range of cognitive functions that mitigate the effects of information processing bottlenecks. The language system is partly organised around these moderating factors, not just around restrictions on storage and computation.

Ultrastructural analysis of unique glycoconjugates in the rat olfactory system

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 890-891
Author(s):  
James E. Crandall ◽  
Linda C. Hassinger ◽  
Gerald A. Schwarting
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Olfactory System ◽  
Olfactory Bulbs ◽  
Temporal And Spatial Patterns ◽  
Carbohydrate Epitopes ◽  
Olfactory Systems ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
Cell Surface Glycoconjugates

Cell surface glycoconjugates are considered to play important roles in cell-cell interactions in the developing central nervous system. We have previously described a group of monoclonal antibodies that recognize defined carbohydrate epitopes and reveal unique temporal and spatial patterns of immunoreactivity in the developing main and accessory olfactory systems in rats. Antibody CC2 reacts with complex α-galactosyl and α-fucosyl glycoproteins and glycolipids. Antibody CC1 reacts with terminal N-acetyl galactosamine residues of globoside-like glycolipids. Antibody 1B2 reacts with β-galactosyl glycolipids and glycoproteins. Our light microscopic data suggest that these antigens may be located on the surfaces of axons of the vomeronasal and olfactory nerves as well as on some of their target neurons in the main and accessory olfactory bulbs.

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