scholarly journals Role of nonpneumoniae mycoplasma in the pathogenesis of ventilator-associated pneumonia: an in vitro assessment

Critical Care ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (S2) ◽  
Author(s):  
TJ Nolan ◽  
AC Morris ◽  
A Rossi ◽  
T Walsh
Keyword(s):  
Ventilator Associated Pneumonia ◽  
In Vitro Assessment

scholarly journals Insights on the Role of Antimicrobial Cuffed Endotracheal Tubes in Preventing Transtracheal Transmission of VAP Pathogens from anIn VitroModel of Microaspiration and Microbial Proliferation

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Joel Rosenblatt ◽  
Ruth Reitzel ◽  
Ying Jiang ◽  
Ray Hachem ◽  
Issam Raad
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Gentian Violet ◽  
Ventilator Associated Pneumonia ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Endotracheal Tubes ◽  
Microbial Proliferation

We developed anin vitromodel to evaluate the effect of different cuffed endotracheal tubes (ETTs) on transtracheal transmission of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) pathogens along external surfaces of ETTs. The model independently assessed the relative contributions of microbial proliferation to the distal tip and microaspiration of contaminated secretions past the cuff by testing in three modes: microaspiration only, microbial proliferation only, and simultaneous microaspiration and microbial proliferation. We evaluated transmission of methicillin resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) orPseudomonas aeruginosa(PA) in the presence of a standard ETT; a soft, tapered cuff ETT with subglottic suctioning; and a novel antimicrobial gendine (combination of gentian violet and chlorhexidine) ETT in the model. In the microaspiration only mode, when leakage past the cuff occurred quickly, no ETT prevented transmission. When microaspiration was delayed, the gendine ETT was able to completely disinfect the fluid above the cuff and thereby prevent transmission of pathogens. In microbial proliferation only mode, the gendine ETT was the sole ETT that prevented transmission. With both mechanisms simultaneously available, transmission was dependent on how long microaspiration was delayed. Potent antimicrobial ETTs, such as a gendine ETT, can make unique contributions to prevent VAP when microaspiration is gradual.

In vivo and in vitro assessment of the role of glutathione antioxidant system in anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity

2010 ◽  
Vol 85 (5) ◽  
pp. 525-535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Vávrová ◽  
Olga Popelová ◽  
Martin Štěrba ◽  
Eduard Jirkovský ◽  
Pavlína Hašková ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant System ◽  
Glutathione Antioxidant System ◽  
In Vitro Assessment

In vitro Assessment of Period of Oviposition and Hatching in Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (02) ◽  
pp. 72-73
Author(s):  
Mohd Akil ◽  
RK Bagherwal ◽  
AK Jayraw ◽  
N Rajput ◽  
R Singh
Keyword(s):  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Hyalomma Anatolicum ◽  
Hyalomma Anatolicum Anatolicum ◽  
Blood Sucking ◽  
Cchf Virus ◽  
In Vitro Assessment ◽  
The Cost

Hyalomma anatolicum anatolocum is one of the most important tick species in India (Geeverghese and Dhanda, 1987), which assumed noticeable importance because of its role as the major vector of the hemoprotozoan parasites. Besides, the role of Hyalomma species in transmitting the Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) virus in humans has been established in different countries (Karti et al., 2004). Ticks produce severe economic losses through blood-sucking and acting as vectors of pathogens and toxins. In India alone, the cost of tick and tick-borne diseases (TTBDs) in animals has been estimated to the tune of approx. Two thousand crores (Ghosh et al., 2007). Scanty literature is available pertaining to the life cycle of H. a. anatolicum in general and from Madhya Pradesh in particular. Therefore, the present study was designed to record the period of oviposition and hatching of eggs in H. a. anatolicum.

scholarly journals Functional In Vitro Assessment of VEGFA/NOTCH2 Signaling Pathway and pRB Proteasomal Degradation and the Clinical Relevance of Mucolipin TRPML2 Overexpression in Glioblastoma Patients

2022 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 688
Author(s):  
Giorgio Santoni ◽  
Consuelo Amantini ◽  
Massimo Nabissi ◽  
Antonietta Arcella ◽  
Federica Maggi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Negative Prognostic Factor ◽  
Channel Expression ◽  
Increased Sensitivity ◽  
In Vitro Assessment ◽  
U251 Cells

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most malignant glioma with an extremely poor prognosis. It is characterized by high vascularization and its growth depends on the formation of new blood vessels. We have previously demonstrated that TRPML2 mucolipin channel expression increases with the glioma pathological grade. Herein by ddPCR and Western blot we found that the silencing of TRPML2 inhibits expression of the VEGFA/Notch2 angiogenic pathway. Moreover, the VEGFA/Notch2 expression increased in T98 and U251 cells stimulated with the TRPML2 agonist, ML2-SA1, or by enforced-TRPML2 levels. In addition, changes in TRPML2 expression or ML2-SA1-induced stimulation, affected Notch2 activation and VEGFA release. An increased invasion capability, associated with a reduced VEGF/VEGFR2 expression and increased vimentin and CD44 epithelial-mesenchymal transition markers in siTRPML2, but not in enforced-TRPML2 or ML2-SA1-stimulated glioma cells, was demonstrated. Furthermore, an increased sensitivity to Doxorubicin cytotoxicity was demonstrated in siTRPML2, whereas ML2-SA1-treated GBM cells were more resistant. The role of proteasome in Cathepsin B-dependent and -independent pRB degradation in siTRPML2 compared with siGLO cells was studied. Finally, through Kaplan-Meier analysis, we found that high TRPML2 mRNA expression strongly correlates with short survival in GBM patients, supporting TRPML2 as a negative prognostic factor in GBM patients.

An in vitro assessment of the role of Tooth Mousse in preventing wine erosion

2008 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Piekarz ◽  
S Ranjitkar ◽  
D Hunt ◽  
J McIntyre
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Assessment ◽  
Tooth Mousse

In vivo and in vitro assessment of the role of leukotriene B4 as a mediator of rat cutaneous late-phase reactions

1986 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 302-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
D KOPP ◽  
B ESSER ◽  
T TASHOFF ◽  
D GOLDMAN ◽  
E GOETZL ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Late Phase ◽  
Leukotriene B4 ◽  
In Vitro Assessment

In-vitro assessment of release of silicone oil droplets with the use of variety of syringes and needles used in intravitreal injections

2021 ◽  
pp. 112067212110195
Author(s):  
Natasha Ferreira Santos da Cruz ◽  
Lydianne Lumack do Monte Agra ◽  
Christine Probst ◽  
Luiz Henrique Lima ◽  
John F. Carpenter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Silicone Oil ◽  
High Variability ◽  
Buffer Solution ◽  
High Coefficient ◽  
Imaging Flow Cytometry ◽  
Syringe Needle ◽  
In Vitro Assessment

Purpose: To assess the variability of silicone oil (SO) particles released across syringes from the same lot and the role of different needle gauges. Materials and methods: Four syringe models and six needle models were assessed for SO release. About 50 microliters of a buffer solution were loaded into the syringe, needle or syringe/needle setup. The data were analyzed by imaging flow cytometry with fluorescently labeling for SO. Results: All syringe models had a high coefficient of variation in SO release across syringes from the same lot. The amount of SO was significantly greater in the syringe when the needle was attached. SO particles with the BD 30G needle attached to the syringe were statistically greater than the 27G counterpart ( p = 0.005). None of the other comparisons was statistically different. Finally, the number of SO particles was higher in the syringe/needle setup than in needles only ( p = 0.0024). Conclusion: We found a high variability in SO content across syringes from the same lot. Additionally, there was no clear association between needle gauge and the number of SO particles, as well as their coefficient of variation. Finally, the needles accounted for a small number of SO particles in comparison to the combined syringe-needle setup.

The role of silicon in forages: A quantitative X-Ray study

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 416-417
Author(s):  
Janet H. Woodward ◽  
D. E. Akin
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Acetate ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Acetate Buffer ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Sodium Acetate Buffer ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Percent Composition

Silicon (Si) is distributed throughout plant tissues, but its role in forages has not been clarified. Although Si has been suggested as an antiquality factor which limits the digestibility of structural carbohydrates, other research indicates that its presence in plants does not affect digestibility. We employed x-ray microanalysis to evaluate Si as an antiquality factor at specific sites of two cultivars of bermuda grass (Cynodon dactvlon (L.) Pers.). “Coastal” and “Tifton-78” were chosen for this study because previous work in our lab has shown that, although these two grasses are similar ultrastructurally, they differ in in vitro dry matter digestibility and in percent composition of Si.Two millimeter leaf sections of Tifton-7 8 (Tift-7 8) and Coastal (CBG) were incubated for 72 hr in 2.5% (w/v) cellulase in 0.05 M sodium acetate buffer, pH 5.0. For controls, sections were incubated in the sodium acetate buffer or were not treated.

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