Comparison of natural durability of wood by stake tests followed by survival analysis

AbstractThe conventional stake test is widely used to evaluate wood durability. The test monitors the deterioration level observed on stakes partially inserted into the ground. The test results are conventionally expressed as the relationship between the mean deterioration level and exposure periods. Durability is compared between the stake groups based on the test results; however, there is no scientific basis for the comparison. To include a scientific basis to the conventional stake test, we applied survival analysis to it. Four stake groups were subjected to deterioration at three sites for 7 years. The deterioration levels were monitored according to the conventional procedure, and survival analysis was applied to the monitored data. The Kaplan–Meier curves plotting the survival probabilities against the exposure periods indicated that the durability of the test stakes of Japanese cedar heartwood is higher than those of Japanese cedar sapwood. However, it was also demonstrated that the durability ratio between Japanese cedar heartwood and sapwood was strongly dependent on the test sites. It was also revealed that the durability of the heartwood portion did not differ significantly among Japanese cedar, Japanese cypress, and Japanese larch. These results were verified using the modified Gehan–Wilcoxon test.

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Comparison of durability of treated wood using stake tests and survival analysis

Journal of Wood Science ◽

10.1186/s10086-021-01996-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 67 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Ikuo Momohara ◽

Haruko Sakai ◽

Yuji Kubo

Keyword(s):

Survival Analysis ◽

Treated Wood ◽

Scientific Basis ◽

Wilcoxon Test ◽

Conventional Procedure ◽

Kaplan Meier ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Copper Naphthenate ◽

Alkaline Copper Quaternary ◽

The Relationship

AbstractThe stake test is widely used to evaluate the efficacy of wood preservatives. This test monitors the deterioration level observed in treated stakes partially inserted into the ground. The results are conventionally expressed as the relationship between deterioration levels and exposure periods. The preservative efficacy is compared among the stake groups treated with different retention levels based on the test results; however, there is no scientific basis for the comparison. We applied survival analysis to the conventional stake test to include a scientific basis to the test. Stakes impregnated with different types and retention levels of preservatives were subjected to deterioration at two test sites for approximately 30 years. The deterioration levels were monitored according to the conventional procedure and survival analysis was applied to the monitored data. Kaplan–Meier plots of the survival probabilities against the exposure periods indicated that there is a significant difference between the durability of the stakes treated with alkylammonium chloride (AAC-1) at K2 and K3 retention levels, whereas no significant difference was observed between those at K3 and K4 retention levels. Contrastingly, emulsified copper naphthenate (NCU-E) was found to be a reliable preservative, and the stakes impregnated with NCU-E showed a significant increase in durability in accordance with preservative retention. Alkaline copper quaternary (ACQ-1) also appeared to be a reliable preservative; however, the increase in stake durability after ACQ-1 treatment differed between the test sites. These results were verified using the modified Gehan–Breslow–Wilcoxon test with Holm’s p adjusting method.

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Is the Frequency of Smoking Affecting the Risk of Abusing Cannabis?

Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat ◽

10.15294/kemas.v16i1.18063 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 44-52

Author(s):

Nurul Huriah Astuti ◽

Sutanto Priyo Hastono

Keyword(s):

Multivariate Analysis ◽

Survival Analysis ◽

Survival Rate ◽

Smoking Habit ◽

Wilcoxon Test ◽

Test Results ◽

Cannabis Abuse ◽

The Relationship

The results of previous study found that teens that had a smoking habit were 14 times more likely to smoke cannabis than those who did not smoke. This study aims to determine the relationship between the frequency of smoking and cannabis abuse done through survival analysis. The research samples were 708 students of cannabis abusers who were previously preceded by smoking. The results of this study found that durability or length of time for abusing cannabis was mostly 1 – 4 years. The Wilcoxon test results concluded that there was a difference in survival to abusing cannabis among the frequency groups of smoking. Multivariate analysis also showed that the more number of cigarettes consumed, the greater the risk for abusing cannabis after being controlled by confounders. Conclusion of this study, the frequency of smoking affects the survival rate and the amount of risk to abusing cannabis.

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Eight-Gene Metabolic Signature Related with Tumor-Associated Macrophages Predicting Overall Survival for Hepatocellular Carcinoma

10.21203/rs.3.rs-36554/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Junyu Huo ◽

Yunjin Zang ◽

Hongjing Dong ◽

Xiaoqiang Liu ◽

Fu He ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽

Overall Survival ◽

Survival Analysis ◽

Risk Score ◽

Risk Group ◽

Cancer Genome ◽

Metabolic Reprogramming ◽

Tumor Associated Macrophages ◽

Kaplan Meier ◽

The Relationship

Abstract Background: In recent years, the relationship between tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) and solid tumors has become a research hotspot. The study aims at exploring the close relationship of TAMs with metabolic reprogramming genes in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC), in order to provide a new way of treatment for HCC.Materials and methods: The study selected 343 HCC patients with complete survival information(survival time >= 1month) in the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) as the study objects. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis assisted in figuring out the relationship between macrophage infiltration level and overall survival (OS), and Pearson correlation test to identify metabolic reprogramming genes(MRGs) related to tumor macrophage abundance. Lasso regression algorithm were conducted on prognosis related MRGs screened by Univariate Cox regression analysis and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis to construct the riskscore, another independent cohort (including 228 HCC patients) from the International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) were used for external validation regarding the prognostic signature.Results: A risk score composed of 8 metabolic genes can accurately predict the OS of training cohort(TCGA) and testing cohort(ICGC). It is important that the risk score could widely used for people with different clinical characteristics, and is an independent predictor independent of other clinical factors affecting prognosis. As expected, high-risk group exhibited an obviously higher macrophage abundance relative to low-risk group, and the risk score presented a positive relation to the expression level of three commonly used immune checkpoints(PD1,PDL1,CTLA4).Conclusion: Our study constructed and validated a novel eight‑gene signature for predicting HCC patients’ OS, which possibly contributed to making clinical treatment decisions.

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Surgical site infection in patients submitted to heart transplantation

Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem ◽

10.1590/1518-8345.0821.2700 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 24 (0) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jussara Aparecida Souza do Nascimento Rodrigues ◽

Renata Eloah de Lucena Ferretti-Rebustini ◽

Vanessa de Brito Poveda

Keyword(s):

Heart Transplantation ◽

Surgical Site Infection ◽

Systemic Disease ◽

Wilcoxon Test ◽

Site Infection ◽

Test Results ◽

Exact Test ◽

Organ Space Infection ◽

The Relationship ◽

Severe Systemic Disease

Abstract Objectives: to analyze the occurrence and predisposing factors for surgical site infection in patients submitted to heart transplantation, evaluating the relationship between cases of infections and the variables related to the patient and the surgical procedure. Method: retrospective cohort study, with review of the medical records of patients older than 18 years submitted to heart transplantation. The correlation between variables was evaluated by using Fisher's exact test and Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon test. Results: the sample consisted of 86 patients, predominantly men, with severe systemic disease, submitted to extensive preoperative hospitalizations. Signs of surgical site infection were observed in 9.3% of transplanted patients, with five (62.5%) superficial incisional, two (25%) deep and one (12.5%) case of organ/space infection. There was no statistically significant association between the variables related to the patient and the surgery. Conclusion: there was no association between the studied variables and the cases of surgical site infection, possibly due to the small number of cases of infection observed in the sample investigated.

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A clinical insight into therapeutic sequence in advanced melanoma.

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2018.36.5_suppl.186 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 36 (5_suppl) ◽

pp. 186-186 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jesus Vera Aguilera ◽

Jonas Paludo ◽

Marcella Tschautscher ◽

Cecilia Yu ◽

Narjust Duma ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Treatment Guidelines ◽

Salvage Chemotherapy ◽

Wilcoxon Test ◽

Test Results ◽

Time To Event ◽

Duration Of Treatment ◽

Optimal Sequence ◽

Kaplan Meier ◽

Therapeutic Sequence ◽

Melanoma Patients

186 Background: The optimal sequence strategy of BRAF/MEK inhibitors, anti-PD- 1/PDL-1 and anti-CTLA-4 in metastatic BRAF-mutated melanoma patients (pts) is unknown and no treatment guidelines exist. Therefore, we report a single-institution experience of different treatment approaches using targeted therapy (TT) and immunotherapy and its impact on outcomes. Methods: BRAF-mutated metastatic melanoma pts treated with TT and immunotherapy from 2012 to2017 were analyzed. Six groups were identified based on treatment strategy. All time-to-event analyses were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method and Wilcoxon test. Results: Forty-four pts were identified. The median age at diagnosis was 49 years (range 21-73), 54% pts were females and 43% developed brain metastases during disease course. The most common approach strategy was immunotherapy followed by TT, the median duration of treatment was 11 and 19 weeks, respectively. Time-to-next therapy (TTNT) following 1st line treatment was similar in pts treated with TT (median 23 weeks [95% CI: 15-31]) or immunotherapy (median 26 weeks [95% CI: 10-33], p = 0.94). A trend towards better overall survival (OS) was seen in pts who received immunotherapy followed by TT (p = 0.09); patients who received salvage chemotherapy (carboplatin/paclitaxel) had significantly longer OS (median 7 years [95% CI: 3.2-7.08]) ( p = 0.03). Conclusions: No differences in TTNT were seen with immunotherapy, TT or combined (triple therapy) when used as 1st or 2nd line. The significant longer OS benefit with 1st line immunotherapy was only seen in patients who received chemotherapy later in their treatment course. [Table: see text]

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Revision hip arthroplasty using a porous tantalum acetabular component

Hip International ◽

10.1177/1120700020913294 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 112070002091329

Author(s):

Hannu JA Miettinen ◽

Simo SA Miettinen ◽

Jukka S Kettunen ◽

Jussi Jalkanen ◽

Heikki Kröger

Keyword(s):

Survival Analysis ◽

Acetabular Component ◽

Hip Arthroplasty ◽

Revision Surgery ◽

University Hospital ◽

Revision Hip Arthroplasty ◽

Cumulative Proportion ◽

Kaplan Meier ◽

The Mean

Introduction: Reconstruction of acetabulum in case of bone defects can be challenging. The aim of this retrospective study was to investigate the 10-year survival of trabecular tantalum metal (TM) acetabulum component in revision hip arthroplasty operations and to evaluate complications. Methods: A total of 100 consecutive acetabulum revision hip arthroplasties (100 patients) were operated on between May 2004 and October 2006 at Kuopio University Hospital. The mean follow-up time was 9.4 years and the median was 11.5 years (SD 4.118; range 0.1–13.4 years). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was performed to study the survival of patients to re-revision surgery. Intra- and postoperative complications and reasons for re-revision were evaluated. Results: The Kaplan-Meier analysis showed a cumulative proportion of revision hip survivorship of 66% at 13.4 years (SE 0.403, 95% CI, 10.886–12.466) based on the need for further re-revision surgery for any major reason. The Kaplan-Meier survival analysis of time to re-revision surgery due acetabular component loosening showed a cumulative proportion of survivorship of 98.9% at 13.4 years (SE 0.136; 95% CI, 12.998–13.529). There were a total of 41/100 complications and the most common complication was dislocation (24/100). Re-revision for any major reason was performed on 18/100 of the revision arthroplasties. The mean time to re-revision was 4.9 years (SD 5.247; range 0.1–13.2 years). Discussion: The trabecular TM acetabular component gives excellent outcomes regarding stability and fixation to the acetabulum in acetabulum revision hip arthroplasty at a minimum of ten years of follow-up. However, acetabular component malposition and the small head size (28 mm) are risk factors for dislocation.

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The Long-Term Results of Lubinus Interplanta Hemiarthroplasty in 228 Acute Femoral Neck Fractures. A Retrospective Six-Year Follow-Up

Scandinavian Journal of Surgery ◽

10.1177/145749690209100409 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 91 (4) ◽

pp. 357-360 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

K. Isotalo ◽

J. Rantanen ◽

V. Äärimaa ◽

E. Gullichsen

Keyword(s):

Survival Analysis ◽

Hip Fracture ◽

Femoral Neck ◽

Femoral Neck Fractures ◽

Long Term Results ◽

Dislocation Rate ◽

Kaplan Meier ◽

The Mean

Background and Aims: We retrospectively studied survival of patients treated with Lubinus interplanta (IP) semiendoprosthesis in acute hip fracture. Materials and Methods: The long-term results of Lubinus interplanta (IP) hemiarthroplasty in 228 acute medial fractures of the femoral neck in 222 patients were reviewed. Results and Conclusions: The mean age of the patients was 80.3 years. The mean duration of post-operative follow-up was 6.3 years (range 5–8 years). There were 12 reoperations (5.3 %), of which 8 were revisions (3.5 %). Dislocation rate was 3.5 %. Survival was 93 % at three years and 88 % at six years (Kaplan-Meier-survival analysis). Conclusions: These results surpass those previously published after Thompson and Moore hemiarthroplasties. The Lubinus prosthesis has a greater CCD (caput, collum, diaphyse) angle and a longer stem compared to Thompson and Moore implants. The need for resection of calcar cortex is also limited. These biomechanical facts may explain the good long-term results of Lubinus hemiarthroplasty.

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Are there correlations between attention, physical endurance and anthropometric parameters of athletes?

Biomedical Human Kinetics ◽

10.2478/bhk-2019-0014 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 103-109

Author(s):

Mirosław Mikicin ◽

Sylwia Nowacka-Dobosz ◽

Anna Mróz ◽

Anna Kuk ◽

Adriana Zagórska-Pachucka

Keyword(s):

Performance Test ◽

Visual Orientation ◽

Physical Endurance ◽

Test Results ◽

Endurance Running ◽

Anthropometric Parameters ◽

The Mean ◽

Vienna System ◽

The Relationship ◽

Mean Time

SummaryStudy aim: The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between attention and physical endurance (running) and anthropometric parameters of athletes.Material and methods: The study examined 61 students aged 19 to 25 years, divided into two groups: athletes (33 participants) and non-athletes (28 participants). We employed anthropometric measurements and the Vienna System Test, including tools to measure focused attention, such as LVT (visual orientation performance test) and DAUF (test for examination of sustained attention) and the Cooper test to measure endurance.Results: Analysis of the results demonstrated a relationship between attention and physical endurance with median time from LVT (r = –0.552). A relationship was also found between the Cooper test results and the mean time to incorrect answer (r = –0.900).Conclusions: The analysis demonstrated a relationship between attention, physical endurance and anthropometric parameters of athletes.

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Eight-gene metabolic signature related with tumor-associated macrophages predicting overall survival for hepatocellular carcinoma

BMC Cancer ◽

10.1186/s12885-020-07734-z ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Junyu Huo ◽

Liqun Wu ◽

Yunjin Zang ◽

Hongjing Dong ◽

Xiaoqiang Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽

Overall Survival ◽

Survival Analysis ◽

Risk Score ◽

Risk Group ◽

Cancer Genome ◽

Metabolic Reprogramming ◽

Tumor Associated Macrophages ◽

Kaplan Meier ◽

The Relationship

Abstract Background In recent years, the relationship between tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and solid tumors has become a research hotspot. This study aims to explore the close relationship of TAMs with metabolic reprogramming genes in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) to provide new methods of treatment for HCC. Methods The study selected 343 HCC patients with complete survival information (survival time > = 1 month) in the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) as study subjects. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis assisted in determining the relationship between macrophage infiltration and overall survival (OS), and Pearson correlation tests were used to identify metabolic reprogramming genes (MRGs) associated with tumor macrophage abundance. Lasso regression algorithms were used on prognosis-related MRGs identified by Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and univariate Cox regression analysis to construct a risk score; another independent cohort (including 228 HCC patients) from the International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) was used to verify prognostic signature externally. Results A risk score composed of 8 metabolic genes could accurately predict the OS of a training cohort (TCGA) and a testing cohort (ICGC). The risk score could be widely used for people with different clinical characteristics, and it is a predictor that is independent of other clinical factors that affect prognosis. As expected, compared with the low-risk group, the high-risk group exhibited an obviously higher macrophage abundance, together with a positive correlation between the risk score and the expression levels of three commonly used immune checkpoints (PD1, PDL1, and CTLA4). Conclusion Our study constructed and validated a novel eight-gene signature for predicting HCC patient OS, which may contribute to clinical treatment decisions.

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EN 206 Conformity Testing for Concrete Strength in Compression

The Journal of The Institution of Engineers, Malaysia ◽

10.54552/v77i2.43 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 77 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Daneti Saradhi Babu ◽

Li Wei ◽

Tam Chat Tim

Keyword(s):

Compressive Strength ◽

Concrete Strength ◽

Concrete Structures ◽

Strength Level ◽

Test Results ◽

Concrete Construction ◽

The Mean ◽

Compressive Strength Of Concrete ◽

Strength In Compression ◽

The Relationship

The design of concrete structures in accordance with EN 1992-1-1 adopts the characteristic cylinder compressive strength inits equations. EN 206 provides for conformity testing for concrete strength in compression using 150mm diameter by 300mm length cylinders or 150mm cubes only. The complementary standard to EN 206 in UK, BS 8500 (SS 544 in Singapore, MS 523 in Malaysia) has added provisions (clause 12.2) for the use of 100mm cubes for conformity testing. The conformity criteria for 100mm cube specimens are to be the same as those for 150mm cubes. A series of tests based on 3 selected levels of compressive strength has been conducted to examine the relationship between these 3 types of test specimens for compressive strength of concrete. For each strength level, 100 batches of concrete were produced over a period of several months. The test results are presented with analysis based on the mean of 3 numbers for each type of test specimens prepared from the same batch at each time of preparation. The results of this study for the 3 strength levels support the relationship between standard cylinder compressive strength and standard cube compressive strength in EN 206. In addition, results also support the recommendation that standard 100mm cube compressive strength is equivalent to that of standard 150mm cube compressive strength in BS 8500. The use of the small size cubes and certiication of designed concrete promote sustainability in concrete construction.

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