Pharmacological analysis of the increases in heart rate and diastolic blood pressure produced by (S)-isometheptene and (R)-isometheptene in pithed rats

In vitro studies have suggested that terguride blocks the contractile and relaxant responses produced by 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) via 5-HT2A/2B receptors. This study has now investigated terguride’s blocking properties on central/peripheral 5-HT2 receptors in anaesthetized or pithed rats. Male Wistar anaesthetized/pithed rats were cannulated for recording blood pressure and heart rate and for i.v. administration of several compounds. In both groups of rats, i.v. bolus injections of 5-HT or (±)-DOI (a 5-HT2 receptor agonist; 1–1000 μg/kg) produced dose-dependent increases in diastolic blood pressure and heart rate. These responses were dose-dependently antagonized by terguride (10–3000 μg/kg). In anaesthetized rats, i.v. bolus injections of BW723C86 (a 5-HT2B receptor agonist; 1–1000 μg/kg) produced dose-dependent increases in diastolic blood pressure and not dose-dependent increases in heart rate, while in pithed rats, these responses were attenuated. The vasopressor responses elicited by BW723C86 in anaesthetized rats were dose-dependently blocked by terguride (10–300 μg/kg), whereas its the tachycardic responses were dose-independently blocked. These results, taken together, suggest that terguride behaved as an antagonist at the 5-HT2 receptors located in the central nervous system and (or) the systemic vasculature. This is the first evidence demonstrating that terguride can block central/peripheral 5-HT2 receptors mediating cardiovascular responses in anaesthetized or pithed rats.

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Obesity does not Impair Ambulatory Cardiovascular and Autonomic Responses Post-exercise

International Journal of Sports Medicine ◽

10.1055/a-1393-6184 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Gabriel Kolesny Tricot ◽

Fabiula Isoton Isoton Novelli ◽

Lucieli Teresa Cambri

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Heart Rate ◽

Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽

Maximal Exercise ◽

Young Men ◽

Autonomic Modulation ◽

Incremental Test ◽

Post Exercise ◽

Cardiac Autonomic Modulation ◽

Main Effect

AbstractThis study aimed to assess whether obesity and/or maximal exercise can change 24 h cardiac autonomic modulation and blood pressure in young men. Thirty-nine men (n: 20; 21.9±1.8 kg·m−2, and n: 19; 32.9±2.4 kg·m−2) were randomly assigned to perform a control (non-exercise) and an experimental day exercise (after maximal incremental test). Cardiac autonomic modulation was evaluated through frequency domain heart rate variability (HRV). Obesity did not impair the ambulatory HRV (p>0.05), however higher diastolic blood pressure during asleep time (p=0.02; group main effect) was observed. The 24 h and awake heart rate was higher on the experimental day (p<0.05; day main effect), regardless of obesity. Hypotension on the experimental day, compared to control day, was observed (p<0.05). Obesity indicators were significantly correlated with heart rate during asleep time (Rho=0.34 to 0.36) and with ambulatory blood pressure(r/Rho=0.32 to 0.53). Furthermore, the HRV threshold workload was significantly correlated with ambulatory heart rate (r/Rho=− 0.38 to−0.52). Finally, ambulatory HRV in obese young men was preserved; however, diastolic blood pressure was increased during asleep time. Maximal exercise caused heart rate increase and 24h hypotension, with decreased cardiac autonomic modulation in the first hour, regardless of obesity.

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Cardiovascular Responding during Anger and Fear Imagery

Psychological Reports ◽

10.2466/pr0.1982.50.1.219 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 50 (1) ◽

pp. 219-230 ◽

Cited By ~ 53

Author(s):

Richard J. Roberts ◽

Theodore C. Weerts

Keyword(s):

College Students ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Heart Rate ◽

Systolic Blood Pressure ◽

Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽

Scene Change ◽

Emotional Responding ◽

Analysis Of Change ◽

Screening Interview

This study was designed to determine if visualization of anger- and fear-provoking scenes produced differential physiological patterns similar to those produced by in vivo manipulations. Normotensive college students were selected on the basis of their responses to newly developed Anger and Fear/Anxiety questionnaires and for their ability to construct arousing scenes during a screening interview. In a 2 × 2 design (intensity × emotion), four scenes (high and low anger, high and low fear) were constructed individually for each of 16 subjects to imagine. Diastolic blood pressure, systolic blood pressure, and heart rate were monitored during visualization of each scene. Change in diastolic blood pressure was significantly greater for high anger than for high fear as predicted. Analysis of change in heart rate and systolic blood pressure showed significant effects for intensity only. These results provide further support for the concept of physiological differentiation in human emotion and suggest the utility of imagery for systematic study of human emotional responding.

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Effect of Anesthesia Techniques on Pain Severity, Hemodynamic Changes, and Patients’ Satisfaction in Elective Cesarean Section

ACTA MEDICA IRANICA ◽

10.18502/acta.v57i7.2328 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Abdollah Jafarzadeh ◽

Maryam Hadavi ◽

Gholamhossein Hasanshahi ◽

Mohsen Rezaeian ◽

Reza Vazirinejad ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Heart Rate ◽

Postoperative Pain ◽

Cesarean Section ◽

Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽

Elective Cesarean Section ◽

Hemodynamic Changes ◽

Apgar Scores ◽

Patients Satisfaction ◽

Elective Cesarean

The severity of postoperative pain and hemodynamic changes during and post-cesarean section have a direct effect on the neonatal and maternal condition. This study aimed to compare pain severity, hemodynamic changes, and patient satisfaction following two anesthesia techniques in elective cesarean section. In this blinded study, 60 women who were candidate for cesarean section were allocated into two equal groups of general anesthesia (GA) and spinal anesthesia (SA). Systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), heart rate (HR), and O2 Saturation at pre cesarean (T0), the uterine incision time (T1), end of surgery (T2), 6h (T3), 12h (T4), and 24 hours post-cesarean (T5) were measured. A Visual Analog Scale assessed post-cesarean pain, 6, 12, and 24 hours post-cesarean. Gender, birth weight, first- and fifth- minutes’ apgar score was recorded in the checklists. The VAS score was significantly higher in the GA group at 6h, 12h, and 24 hours post-cesarean (P=0.014, P=0.002, P=0.017, respectively). SBP and DBP at T1 in the GA group were significantly higher than in the S.A group (P<0.001). The heart rate at T0 and T1 in the GA group was lower than the SA group (P=0.001, P=0.045 respectively). The difference between the apgar scores of the two groups was not significant. SA for cesarean section was associated with lower postoperative pain, systolic and diastolic blood pressure. However, the two groups had no significant difference in terms of patients’ satisfaction and apgar scores. © 2019 Tehran University of Medical Sciences. All rights reserved. Acta Med Iran 2019;57(7):424-429.

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A pilot study investigating the relationship between heart rate variability and blood pressure in young adults at risk for cardiovascular disease

Clinical Hypertension ◽

10.1186/s40885-021-00185-z ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 28 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Linda P. Bolin ◽

Amelia D. Saul ◽

Lauren L. Bethune Scroggs ◽

Carolyn Horne

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Heart Rate ◽

Heart Rate Variability ◽

Pilot Study ◽

Family History ◽

Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽

Biofeedback Training ◽

Paced Breathing ◽

History Of

Abstract Background Cardiovascular disease is one of the leading causes of death globally with hypertension being a primary cause of premature death from this disease process. Individuals with a family history of cardiovascular disease and hypertension are at a greater risk for developing the same sequela. Autonomic cardiac control is important in the level of cardiac function. One intervention that is effective in improving cardiovascular function is heart rate variability biofeedback training. The purpose of our study was to determine the effectiveness of heart rate biofeedback training on HRV and blood pressure in individuals with a family history of cardiovascular disease. Methods Thirty-four participants (76.5% female, 22.7 ± 4.3 years) completed a baseline assessment and training using an established short-term HRV protocol followed by two weeks of at-home paced breathing employing a smartphone application. The participants were then reassessed in a biofeedback clinic. Results The participants physiological measures showed a significant increase in means between pre and post intervention of SDNN (t (32) = 2.177, p =.037) and TP, (t (32) = 2.327 p = .026). Correlation noted a medium effect on diastolic blood pressure and high frequency heart rate variability, F, r = .41, n =33, p < .05. A multiple regression with all predictor variables in the model found no significance with diastolic and systolic blood pressure. Conclusions The findings from this pilot study demonstrated that a two-week paced breathing intervention may assist in reducing heart rate and diastolic blood pressure while improving heart rate variability.

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Comparison of Ropivacaine-Fentanyl with Bupivacaine-Fentanyl for Labour Epidural Analgesia

The Open Anesthesiology Journal ◽

10.2174/2589645802014010108 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 108-114

Author(s):

Kalpana Kulkarni ◽

Rahul Patil

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Heart Rate ◽

Epidural Analgesia ◽

Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽

Diastolic Pressure ◽

Vas Score ◽

Group I ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Labour Epidural Analgesia ◽

Group Ii

Background: Bupivacaine with opioid is commonly used for labour epidural analgesia. Ropivacaine is considered as an alternative to bupivacaine due to its lower cardiovascular complications. However, there is a controversy regarding the efficacy of these drugs as some studies suggest equivalent action, whereas others report that ropivacaine produces less motor blockade. The study aimed to compare the effect of ropivacaine-fentanyl and bupivacaine-fentanyl for labour analgesia. Materials and Methods: The prospective randomized study was performed on 60 parturients, divided into two groups of 30 subjects each. Group I received 10ml of bupivacaine 0.1% + fentanyl 2µg/ml and Group II received 10ml of ropivacaine 0.1% + fentanyl 2µg/ml by epidural catheter. Pre-anaesthetic evaluation was performed on all the participants and all were administered metoclopramide 0.25mg/kg and ondansetron 0.08-0.1mg/kg intravenously as premedication. The baseline and post anaesthesia systolic, diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, VAS score, degree of motor block, sedation and APGAR score of the baby were recorded. The data were tabulated and statistically analyzed. Results: When compared, there was no significant difference in systolic/diastolic blood pressure in two groups except at 360 min where diastolic pressure was low in group II. Significantly higher heart rate at 30 min (P=0.0003), 120 min (0.006), and 300 min (P=0.001) was observed in group I subjects. VAS score was significantly less at 180 min (P=0.019) and 300 min (P=0.019) in group II. Adverse effects such as fetal bradycardia, nausea/vomiting and hypotension observed were clinically insignificance when compared in two groups. Conclusion: Bupivacaine and ropivacaine produce an equal degree of analgesia and hemodynamic stability in 0.1% of concentration when added with 2µg/ml fentanyl . However, heart rate was well maintained with lower VAS scores in group II receiving ropivacaine. No significant difference in the side effects between the two groups. Hence, Ropivacaine can be used as a safe alternative to bupivacaine for labour epidural analgesia.

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Evaluation of the Cardiovascular Effects of Clonidine in Neonates Treated for Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome

The Journal of Pediatric Pharmacology and Therapeutics ◽

10.5863/1551-6776-23.6.473 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 23 (6) ◽

pp. 473-478

Author(s):

Raymond P. Meddock ◽

Deirdre Bloemer

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Heart Rate ◽

Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽

Neonatal Intensive Care ◽

Dose Range ◽

Safety Data ◽

Cardiovascular Effects ◽

Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome ◽

Abstinence Syndrome

OBJECTIVES Neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) is characterized by withdrawal symptoms in neonates exposed to legal or illegal substances in utero, and it is often managed with medications such as opiates, phenobarbital, and clonidine. Clonidine use is increasing, but further safety data regarding its use in neonates are warranted. This study evaluated the effects of clonidine on heart rate and blood pressure in neonates treated for NAS at doses up to 24 mcg/kg/day. METHODS A retrospective review via the electronic medical record of infants at least 35 weeks' gestation treated adjunctively with clonidine for NAS in the neonatal intensive care unit at St Elizabeth was conducted. Heart rate, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure were recorded at baseline, while on different dose ranges of clonidine (small: ≤1.5 mcg/kg per dose every 3 hours; medium: >1.5 to 2 mcg/kg per dose every 3 hours; and large: >2 mcg/kg to 3 mcg/kg per dose every 3 hours), and upon discontinuation. RESULTS A total of 64 infants treated with clonidine for NAS between August 2015 and December 2016 were included. Heart rate decreased in all clonidine dose ranges compared with baseline (average reduction of 7 bpm [CI: −12 to −2], 9 bpm [CI: −16 to −2], and 10 bpm [CI: −18 to −1] for the small, medium, and large dose ranges, respectively; p < 0.0001). Systolic and diastolic blood pressure were not significantly different from baseline when infants were receiving any dose of clonidine, except diastolic blood pressure while on medium–dose range clonidine, where diastolic blood pressure was higher than baseline (p = 0.0128). Increases in systolic and diastolic blood pressure were evident upon discontinuation of clonidine (p < 0.0001 and p = 0.0156, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Clonidine doses up to 24 mcg/kg/day are well tolerated in neonates ≥35 weeks' gestation treated for NAS. Any decreases in heart rate are likely clinically insignificant, and increases in blood pressure upon discontinuing clonidine are mild and may be mitigated further with extended discontinuation protocols. Further trials should be conducted to evaluate the long-term safety of clonidine in this population.

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COMPARISON STUDY OF IVABRADINE WITH METOPROLOL IN MANAGEMENT OF ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME

International Journal of Medical and Biomedical Studies ◽

10.32553/ijmbs.v5i9.2201 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (9) ◽

Author(s):

Rishman Tandi ◽

Tanvi Kumar ◽

Amritpal Singh Kahlon ◽

Aaftab Sethi

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Heart Rate ◽

Acute Coronary Syndrome ◽

Systolic Blood Pressure ◽

Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽

Beta Blocker ◽

Beta Blockers ◽

Coronary Syndrome ◽

Group A ◽

Group B

Introduction: Acute coronary syndrome remains as one of the most important causes for morbidity and mortality in developed countries. Therefore, evidence-based management strategy is required to offset the loss of health during an acute coronary syndrome. An effective approach includes both medical and surgical methods. This study was conducted to evaluate the medical method of management. Objective: To study blood pressure and heart rate variability after administration of Ivabradine or metoprolol in cases with acute coronary syndrome. Materials and methods: The study was a Prospective single center observational study conducted in patients attending Cardiology Intensive Care Unit in Nayyar Heart and Superspecialty Hospital, a tertiary care centre located in an urban area. All patients with Acute coronary syndrome admitted to the emergency or cardiac care unit were analysed with ECG as a preliminary diagnostic test and confirmed with troponin markers. They were either given Ivabradine or Metoprolol. Baseline evaluation and follow up was done and necessary data was collected and analysed. Results: 100 patients were included in the study out of which 50 were given Metoprolol (Group A) and 50 were given Ivabradine (Group B). Themean age of studied cases was found to be 66.54 years in group A and 68.69 years in group B. It was observed that there was a fall in heart rate by 26.8 beats per minute with beta blocker and 24.4 beats per minute with Ivabradine. In case of blood pressure measurement, in patients with beta blocker administration, there was a fall of 25 mm Hg in systolic blood pressure and 17 mm Hg in diastolic blood pressure However, with Ivabradine there was only a fall of 8mm Hg in systolic Blood pressure and 6 mm Hg in diastolic blood pressure. Conclusion: Although Metoprolol is the drug of choice to decrease heart rate and blood pressure in acute coronary syndrome, Ivabradine is being increasingly used in cases where beta blockers are contraindicated as it has similar efficacy in lowering heart rate without compromising contractility of cardiac muscle, thereby maintaining LVEF and blood pressure. Keywords: Acute coronary syndrome, Beta Blockers, Metoprolol, Ivabradine.

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Exploring the relationship between schizophrenia and cardiovascular disease: A genetic correlation and multivariable Mendelian randomization study

10.1101/2021.07.09.21260260 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Rada R Veeneman ◽

Jentien M Vermeulen ◽

Abdel Abdellaoui ◽

Eleanor Sanderson ◽

Robyn E Wootton ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heart Failure ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Heart Rate ◽

Heart Rate Variability ◽

Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽

Mendelian Randomization ◽

Genetic Correlations ◽

Lipid Levels ◽

Early Repolarization ◽

Artery Disease

Importance: Individuals with schizophrenia have a reduced life-expectancy compared to the general population, largely due to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Clinical and epidemiological studies have been unable to fully unravel the nature of this relationship. Objective: Investigate genetic correlations and potential bi-directional effects between liability to schizophrenia and CVD. Design, setting, and participants: We obtained summary-data of genome-wide-association studies of schizophrenia (N=130,644), heart failure (N=977,323), coronary artery disease (N=332,477), systolic and diastolic blood pressure (N=757,601), heart rate variability (N=46,952), QT interval (N=103,331), early repolarization and dilated cardiomyopathy ECG patterns (N=63,700). We computed genetic correlations with linkage disequilibrium score regression and conducted bi-directional Mendelian randomization (MR). With multivariable MR, we investigated whether associations were mediated by smoking, body mass index, physical activity, lipid levels, or type 2 diabetes. To ensure robustness, we applied a range of sensitivity methods. Main outcomes and measures: Schizophrenia, heart failure, coronary artery disease, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, heart rate variability, QT interval, early repolarization, dilated cardiomyopathy. Results: Genetic correlations between liability to schizophrenia and CVD were close to zero (-0.02 to 0.04). With MR, we found robust evidence that liability to schizophrenia increases heart failure risk. This effect remained consistent with multivariable MR. There was also evidence that liability to schizophrenia increases early repolarization risk, largely mediated by BMI and lipid levels. Finally, there was evidence that liability to schizophrenia increases heart rate variability, a direction of effect contrasting previous studies. In the other direction, there was weak evidence that higher systolic, but not diastolic, blood pressure increases schizophrenia risk. Conclusions and relevance: Our findings indicate that liability to schizophrenia increases the risk of heart failure, and that this is not mediated by key health behaviours. This is consistent with the notion that schizophrenia is characterised by a systemic dysregulation of the body (including inflammation and oxidative stress) with detrimental effects on the heart. To decrease cardiovascular mortality among schizophrenia patients, priority should lie with optimal treatment and interventions in early stages of psychoses. We also identified early repolarization, currently understudied, as a potential CVD marker among patients with schizophrenia.

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Characterizing Effects of Antidiabetic Drugs on Heart Rate, Systolic and Diastolic Blood Pressure

Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics ◽

10.1002/cpt.2130 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

John Maringwa ◽

Maria Luisa Sardu ◽

Yaming Hang ◽

Richard Czerniak ◽

Manasa Vishnubhotla ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Heart Rate ◽

Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽

Antidiabetic Drugs

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