scholarly journals Reducing Interface Traps with High Density Hydrogen Treatment to Increase Passivated Emitter Rear Contact Cell Efficiency

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chih-Cheng Yang ◽  
Po-Hsun Chen ◽  
Ting-Chang Chang ◽  
Wan-Ching Su ◽  
Sung-Yu Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Short Circuit Current ◽  
Hydrogen Gas ◽  
High Density ◽  
Experimental Result ◽  
Hydrogen Treatment ◽  
Interface Traps ◽  
Electrical Measurements ◽  
Cell Efficiency

AbstractIn this work, a high-density hydrogen (HDH) treatment is proposed to reduce interface traps and enhance the efficiency of the passivated emitter rear contact (PERC) device. The hydrogen gas is compressed at pressure (~ 70 atm) and relatively low temperature (~ 200 °C) to reduce interface traps without changing any other part of the device’s original fabrication process. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed the enhancement of Si–H bonding and secondary-ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) confirmed the SiN/Si interface traps after the HDH treatment. In addition, electrical measurements of conductance-voltage are measured and extracted to verify the interface trap density (Dit). Moreover, short circuit current density (Jsc), series resistance (Rs), and fill factor (F.F.) are analyzed with a simulated light source of 1 kW M−2 global AM1.5 spectrum to confirm the increase in cell efficiency. External quantum efficiency (EQE) is also measured to confirm the enhancement in conversion efficiency between different wavelengths. Finally, a model is proposed to explain the experimental result before and after the treatment.

scholarly journals CdTe-Based Thin Film Solar Cells: Past, Present and Future

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1684
Author(s):  
Alessandro Romeo ◽  
Elisa Artegiani
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Solar Cells ◽  
Solar Cell ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Short Circuit Current ◽  
Short Circuit Current Density ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Solar Cell Efficiency ◽  
Cell Efficiency

CdTe is a very robust and chemically stable material and for this reason its related solar cell thin film photovoltaic technology is now the only thin film technology in the first 10 top producers in the world. CdTe has an optimum band gap for the Schockley-Queisser limit and could deliver very high efficiencies as single junction device of more than 32%, with an open circuit voltage of 1 V and a short circuit current density exceeding 30 mA/cm2. CdTe solar cells were introduced at the beginning of the 70s and they have been studied and implemented particularly in the last 30 years. The strong improvement in efficiency in the last 5 years was obtained by a new redesign of the CdTe solar cell device reaching a single solar cell efficiency of 22.1% and a module efficiency of 19%. In this paper we describe the fabrication process following the history of the solar cell as it was developed in the early years up to the latest development and changes. Moreover the paper also presents future possible alternative absorbers and discusses the only apparently controversial environmental impacts of this fantastic technology.

Study on the Small Molecule Organic Solar Cells with Anode Buffer Layer

2012 ◽  
Vol 550-553 ◽  
pp. 476-479
Author(s):  
Ai Fen Wang
Keyword(s):  
Buffer Layer ◽  
Active Layer ◽  
Organic Solar Cells ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Short Circuit Current ◽  
Photovoltaic Cell ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Experimental Result ◽  
Anode Buffer Layer ◽  
Buffer Material

The three photovoltaic cells with two different anode buffer layer on the basis of Pentacene/C60 as active layer was fabicated, the effect and mechanism of anode buffer layer on performance of organic photovoltaic cell are explored. The experimental result shows transition metal oxide inserted between organic active layer and ITO could increase short circuit current and open-circuit voltage,power conversion efficiency is increased to 107%,so it is effective anode buffer material.

scholarly journals Nobiletin Stimulates Chloride Secretion in Human Bronchial Epithelia via a cAMP/PKA-Dependent Pathway

2015 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 306-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan Hao ◽  
Cindy S.T. Cheung ◽  
Wallace C.Y. Yip ◽  
Wing-hung Ko
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Adenylate Cyclase ◽  
Cell Line ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Short Circuit Current ◽  
Chloride Secretion ◽  
Epithelial Cell Line ◽  
Electrical Measurements ◽  
Cl Secretion ◽  
Bronchial Epithelia

Background/Aims: Nobiletin, a citrus flavonoid isolated from tangerines, alters ion transport functions in intestinal epithelia, and has antagonistic effects on eosinophilic airway inflammation of asthmatic rats. The present study examined the effects of nobiletin on basal short-circuit current (ISC) in a human bronchial epithelial cell line (16HBE14o-), and characterized the signal transduction pathways that allowed nobiletin to regulate electrolyte transport. Methods: The ISC measurement technique was used for transepithelial electrical measurements. Intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) and cAMP were also quantified. Results: Nobiletin stimulated a concentration-dependent increase in ISC, which was due to Cl- secretion. The increase in ISC was inhibited by a cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator inhibitor (CFTRinh-172), but not by 4,4'-diisothiocyano-stilbene-2,2'-disulphonic acid (DIDS), Chromanol 293B, clotrimazole, or TRAM-34. Nobiletin-stimulated ISC was also sensitive to a protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor, H89, and an adenylate cyclase inhibitor, MDL-12330A. Nobiletin could not stimulate any increase in ISC in a cystic fibrosis (CF) cell line, CFBE41o-, which lacked a functional CFTR. Nobiletin stimulated a real-time increase in cAMP, but not [Ca2+]i. Conclusion: Nobiletin stimulated transepithelial Cl- secretion across human bronchial epithelia. The mechanisms involved activation of adenylate cyclase- and cAMP/PKA-dependent pathways, leading to activation of apical CFTR Cl- channels.

Efficiency Improvement in Co-sensitized DSSCs Through a Cascade Band Alignment of N-719 and Rose Bengal Dyes on Nanostructured ZnO Photoanodes

MRS Advances ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (14) ◽  
pp. 767-775
Author(s):  
M.A. Borysiewicz ◽  
S. Chusnutdinow ◽  
M. Wzorek ◽  
T. Wojciechowski
Keyword(s):  
Rose Bengal ◽  
Open Circuit Voltage ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Short Circuit Current ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Band Alignment ◽  
Electron Hole ◽  
Cell Efficiency ◽  
Hole Recombination

ABSTRACTWe show that by subsequent sensitization of nanostructured ZnO photoanodes with N-719 and Rose Bengal dyes an improvement or worsening of the cell efficiency may be obtained, relating to photoanodes sensitized with N-719 dye only (JSC = 2.97 mA/cm2, VOC = 0.68 V, η = 0.99%) depending on the order in which the dyes are applied. We observe that for the case when the N-719 dye is followed by Rose Bengal an increase in efficiency, short circuit current and open circuit voltage is observed (JSC = 3.95 mA/cm2, VOC = 0.71 V, η = 1.26%), which we relate to the cascade band alignment of the ZnO and the dyes. In the case when Rose Bengal is first on ZnO followed by N-719, a lowering of all parameters is observed (JSC = 2.86 mA/cm2, VOC = 0.64 V, η = 0.94%) due to the trap band alignment. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements and modelling confirmed this theory showing longer electron lifetimes in the photoanode for the cascade band alignment, enhancing electron-hole separation, than for the trap alignment, facilitating electron-hole recombination.

Characteristics of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells Using Dye from Pitaya Fruit

2015 ◽  
Vol 793 ◽  
pp. 450-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Gomesh ◽  
R. Syafinar ◽  
Muhamad Irwanto ◽  
Y.M. Irwan ◽  
M. Fareq ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cell ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Dye Sensitized Solar Cells ◽  
Short Circuit Current ◽  
Liquid Electrolyte ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Dye Sensitized Solar Cell ◽  
Photoelectrochemical Performance ◽  
Cell Efficiency ◽  
Dye Sensitized

Dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) consists of TiO2 nanoporous coating which acts as a photo electrode, a sensitizer of dye molecules soaked in the TiO2 film, liquid electrolyte and a counter electrode. This paper focuses on the usage of a sensitizer from the Pitaya fruit. Pitaya or commonly known as dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) was extracted and used as a sensitizer to fabricate the dye sensitized solar cell (DSSC). The photoelectrochemical performance of Pitaya based solar cell shows an open circuit voltage (VOC) of 237 mV, short circuit current (ISC) of 4.98 mA, fill factor (FF) of 0.51, solar cell efficiency (η) of 0.70 % and has a peak absorbance rate of 2.7 at 550 nm. The photoelectrochemical and UV-Visible light absorbance performance of Pitaya-DSSC shows good potential in future solar cell fabrication.

Optical approaches to improving perovskite/Si tandem cells

MRS Advances ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (14) ◽  
pp. 901-910 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haejun Chung ◽  
Xingshu Sun ◽  
Peter Bermel
Keyword(s):  
Light Trapping ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Short Circuit Current ◽  
Single Junction ◽  
Cell Efficiency ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Halide Perovskites ◽  
Low Costs ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Reflected Power

ABSTRACTRecently, metal-halide perovskites have demonstrated an extraordinarily rapid advance in single junction cell efficiency to over 20%, while still offering potentially low costs. Since the bandgap is larger than the ideal single-junction value, perovskite-based tandem cells can theoretically offer even higher efficiencies. Instead, however, the record tandem cell performance in experiments to date has come in slightly below that of record single junctions, although slightly higher than the same single junctions. In this work, we consider both how this disconnect can be explained quantitatively, and then devise experimentally feasible, variance-aware approaches to address them. The first stage of our approach is based on reconfiguring dielectric front coatings to help reduce net reflected power and balance junction currents by reshaping the reflection peaks. This method could be applied to post-fabrication stage of perovskite/c-Si tandem cells, and also applicable to cell and module level structures. In the second stage of our approach, we can almost entirely eliminate Fresnel reflection by applying a conformal periodic light trapping structure. In the best case, a short circuit current (Jsc) of 18.0 mA/cm2 was achieved, after accounting for 4.8 mA/cm2 of parasitic loss and 1.6 mA/cm2 reflection loss. Further improvements may require a change in the baseline materials used in perovskite cells.

Simulation of Symmetrically Doped Silicon Nanowire Solar Cells

2011 ◽  
Vol 1322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix Voigt ◽  
Thomas Stelzner ◽  
Silke H. Christiansen
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Silicon Nanowire ◽  
Short Circuit Current ◽  
Cylindrical Symmetry ◽  
Short Circuit Current Density ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Back Surface ◽  
Cell Efficiency ◽  
P Type

ABSTRACTSilicon nanowire solar cells were simulated using the Silvaco TCAD software kit. For optimization of speed the simulations were performed in cylinder coordinates with cylindrical symmetry. Symmetric doping was assumed with a dopant density of 1018 cm-3 in the p-type core and inside the n-type shell. In the implementation a cathode contact was wrapped around the semiconductor nanorod and an anode was assumed at the bottom of the rod. Optimization of cell efficiency was performed with regard to the rod radius and the rod length. In both optimization processes clear maxima in efficiency were visible, resulting in an optimal radius of 66 nm with the pn junction at 43.5 nm and an optimal rod length of about 48 μm. The maximum of efficiency with respect to the rod radius is due to a decrease of short-circuit current density (Jsc) and an increase of open-circuit voltage (Uoc) with radius, while the maximum with respect to the rod length is explained by the combination of an increase of Jsc and a decrease of Uoc. Fill factors stay rather constant at values between 0.6 and 0.8. Further, the influence of a back surface field (BSF) layer was surveyed in simulations. Positioning the BSF next to the cathode contact considerably improved cell efficiency. In addition, simulations with a cathode contact on top of the nanowire structure were undertaken. No severe deterioration of cell performance with increasing radius was observed so far in this configuration. Hence, nanorods with much larger radii can be used for solar cells using this contact scheme. In comparison to simulations with wrapped cathode contacts, Jsc and Uoc and therefore efficiency is considerably improved.

Novel Use of Semiconductive Conjugated Polymer With Optimized Scintillator for Betavoltaic Applications

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashish Sharma ◽  
Justin Melancon ◽  
Sheila Bailey ◽  
Sandra Zivanovic
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Conjugated Polymer ◽  
Yttrium Aluminum Garnet ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Short Circuit Current ◽  
Electrical Current ◽  
Cesium Iodide ◽  
Experimental Result ◽  
Long Duration

The ongoing advanced space exploration requires the novel energy sources that can generate power for extreme duration without need of refill. The long duration betavoltaic devices are presented using conjugated polymer with scintillators. The Monte Carlo simulations are used to study the interaction of electron beam with two different scintillators, Cerium doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet (Ce:YAG) and Thallium doped Cesium Iodide (CsI:Tl). The catholuminescence profiles from simulation showed that CsI:Tl is more-efficient to generate photons when hit by electron beam compared to Ce:YAG. The semiconductive conjugated polymer device stack of ITO/PEDOT:PSS/P3HT:ICBA/Al are then fabricated and tested with Ce:YAG and CsI:Tl scintillators under different electron beam energies. The electrical current is successfully extracted from these betavoltaic devices when illuminated with electron beams. As expected, the betavoltaic devices with CsI:Tl scintillator performed better compared with Ce:YAG. The maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 0.24% is obtained at 10 kV electron beam with CsI:Tl, while PCE in device with Ce:YAG is 0.16%. The short circuit current in devices with CsI:Tl is about 57%, greater than in devices with Ce:YAG. The experimental result showed that output electrical power increased with increase in incident electron beam energy.

scholarly journals Efficiency enhancement of natural dye sensitized solar cell by optimizing electrode fabrication parameters

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 816-823 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Khalid Hossain ◽  
M.F. Pervez ◽  
S. Tayyaba ◽  
M. Jalal Uddin ◽  
A.A. Mortuza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cell ◽  
Counter Electrode ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Short Circuit Current ◽  
Short Circuit Current Density ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Dye Sensitized Solar Cell ◽  
Cell Efficiency ◽  
Dye Sensitized ◽  
Candle Flame

Abstract Efficiency of dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) depends on several interrelated factors such as type and concentration of dye, type and thickness of photoelectrode and counter electrode. Optimized combination of these factors leads to a more efficient cell. This paper presents the effect of these parameters on cell efficiency. TiO2 nanoporous thin films of different thicknesses (5 μm to 25 μm) were fabricated on indium doped tin oxide (ITO) coated glass by doctor blading method and characterized by inverted microscope, stylus surface profiler and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Natural organic dye of different concentrations, extracted from turmeric, was prepared with ethanol solvent. Different combinations of dye concentrations and film thicknesses along with different types of carbon catalyst have been investigated by I-V characterization. The result shows that the cell made of a counter electrode catalyst material prepared by candle flame carbon combined with about 15 μm thick photoelectrode and 100 mg/mL dye in ethanol solvent, achieves the highest efficiency of 0.45 %, with open circuit voltage of 566 mV and short circuit current density of 1.02 mA/cm2.

Implementation of Highly Resistive Emitter Solar Cells in a Production Environment using an Inline Doping System

2011 ◽  
Vol 178-179 ◽  
pp. 441-445
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Wille ◽  
Ralph Rothemund ◽  
Gerald Meinhardt ◽  
Wolfgang Jantsch
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Short Circuit Current ◽  
Surface Concentration ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Doping Profile ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Production Environment ◽  
Cell Efficiency ◽  
Set Up

Instead of selective emitter technology we investigate an alternative way to optimize contact formation and increased blue responsivity of highly resistive emitter solar cells using screen print technology for the deposition of the frontside metallization grid. We show with the aid of an inline doping/diffusion set-up at Blue Chip Energy that tuning the emitter doping profile is an alternative way to reduce the effect of Auger recombination in the spectral range from 300 nm to 600 nm. By properly choosing the process conditions we were able to minimize the detrimental effect of the low surface concentration of the dopant on the contact resistance. Due to improved blue light responsivity a significant gain in short circuit current Jsc was achieved. This and a reduced reverse saturation current I00E yielded a higher open circuit voltage VOC and an increase of cell efficiency from 17.6 %-avg to more than 17.9 %-avg.

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