An age-period-cohort analysis of mortality rates for stomach, colorectal, liver, and lung cancer among prefectures in Japan, 1999–2018

Abstract Background Although change in the birth cohort effect on cancer mortality rates is known to be highly associated with the decreasing rates of age-standardized cancer mortality rates in Japan, the differences in the trends of cohort effect for representative cancer types among the prefectures remain unknown. This study aimed to investigate the differences in the decreasing rate of cohort effects among the prefectures for representative cancer types using age-period-cohort (APC) analysis. Methods Data on stomach, colorectal, liver, and lung cancer mortality for each prefecture and the population data from 1999 to 2018 were obtained from the Vital Statistics in Japan. Mortality data for individuals aged 50 to 79 years grouped in 5-year increments were used, and corresponding birth cohorts born 1920–1924 through 1964–1978 were used for analysis. We estimated the effects of age, period, and cohort on each type of mortality rate for each prefecture by sex. Then, we calculated the decreasing rates of cohort effects for each prefecture. We also calculated the mortality rate ratio of each prefecture compared with all of Japan for cohorts using the estimates. Results As a result of APC analysis, we found that the decreasing rates of period effects were small and that there was a little difference in the decreasing rates among prefectures for all types of cancer among both sexes. On the other hand, there was a large difference in the decreasing rates of cohort effects for stomach and liver cancer mortality rates among prefectures, particularly for men. For men, the decreasing rates of cohort effects in cohorts born between 1920–1924 and 1964–1978 varied among prefectures, ranging from 4.1 to 84.0% for stomach cancer and from 20.2 to 92.4% for liver cancers, respectively. On the other hand, the differences in the decreasing rates of cohort effects among prefectures for colorectal and lung cancer were relatively smaller. Conclusions The decreasing rates of cohort effects for stomach and liver cancer varied widely among prefectures. It is possible that this will influence cancer mortality rates in each prefecture in the future.

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Trends in lung cancer mortality in Brazil from the 1980s into the early 21st century: age-period-cohort analysis

Cadernos de Saúde Pública ◽

10.1590/s0102-311x2012000100003 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 28 (1) ◽

pp. 21-30 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Mirian Carvalho de Souza ◽

Ana Glória Godoi Vasconcelos ◽

Oswaldo Gonçalves Cruz

Keyword(s):

Lung Cancer ◽

Cancer Mortality ◽

Cohort Analysis ◽

Age Groups ◽

Cohort Effect ◽

Lung Cancer Mortality ◽

Mortality Rates ◽

Population Based ◽

Control Measures ◽

Early 21St Century

The aim of this study was to describe the pattern of trends in lung cancer mortality in Brazil and identify the effects of the factors age, period and cohort (APC) on mortality rates. A time series study was conducted using secondary population-based data. Lung cancer mortality rates by sex were calculated for the period 1980 to 2007. APC models were adjusted to identify the influence of age, period and cohort effects on rates. Lung cancer mortality rates are significantly higher among men. Specific rates for men over the age of 64 and for women of all ages are increasing. There was a greater increase of adjusted rates among women. With respect to the age effect, mortality risk increases with age starting with the earliest age groups. With regard to the cohort effect, there is a lesser risk of mortality among men born after 1950 and an increasing risk across all cohorts among women. The results regarding younger generations indicate that present trends are likely to continue. The cohort effect among women suggests an increasing trend in mortality rates, whereas a decrease in rates among men under the age of 65 suggests that this trend will continue. These trends reflect tobacco control measures adopted since 1986.

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The Fifty-Year Decline of Cancer in America

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2001.19.1.239 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 239-241 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Brad Rodu ◽

Philip Cole

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Lung Cancer ◽

Mortality Rate ◽

Cancer Mortality ◽

The United States ◽

Mortality Rates ◽

Health Statistics ◽

The Past ◽

The Impact

PURPOSE: From 1950 to 1990, the overall cancer mortality rate increased steadily in the United States, a trend which ran counter to declining mortality from other major diseases. The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of lung cancer on all-cancer mortality over the past 50 years. METHODS: Data from the National Centers for Health Statistics were used to develop mortality rates for all forms of cancer combined, lung cancer, and other-cancer (all-cancer minus lung cancer) from 1950 to 1998. RESULTS: When lung cancer is excluded, mortality from all other forms of cancer combined declined continuously from 1950 to 1998, dropping 25% during this period. The decline in other-cancer mortality was approximately 0.4% annually from 1950 to 1990 but accelerated to 0.9% per year from 1990 to 1996 and to 2.2% per year from 1996 to 1998. CONCLUSION: The long-term decline is likely due primarily to improvements in medical care, including screening, diagnosis, and treatment.

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A Study of Water Quality and Liver Cancer Mortality Rate in a Karst Terrain of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China

Sinkholes and the Engineering and Environmental Impacts of Karst ◽

10.1061/40698(2003)29 ◽

2003 ◽

Author(s):

Tang Jie ◽

Xia Zhen ◽

Lin Nianfeng ◽

George Yu ◽

Ma Cheng Hua

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Mortality Rate ◽

Liver Cancer ◽

Cancer Mortality ◽

Karst Terrain ◽

Autonomous Region ◽

Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region

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Use tumor suppressor genes as biomarkers for diagnosis of non-small cell lung cancer

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-020-80735-x ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Chuantao Zhang ◽

Man Jiang ◽

Na Zhou ◽

Helei Hou ◽

Tianjun Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lung Cancer ◽

Mortality Rate ◽

Tumor Suppressor ◽

Small Cell Lung Cancer ◽

Cell Lung Cancer ◽

Network Effects ◽

Small Cell ◽

The Other ◽

Small Cell Lung ◽

High Efficient

AbstractLung cancer is the leading cause of death worldwide. Especially, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has higher mortality rate than the other cancers. The high mortality rate is partially due to lack of efficient biomarkers for detection, diagnosis and prognosis. To find high efficient biomarkers for clinical diagnosis of NSCLC patients, we used gene differential expression and gene ontology (GO) to define a set of 26 tumor suppressor (TS) genes. The 26 TS genes were down-expressed in tumor samples in cohorts GSE18842, GSE40419, and GSE21933 and at stages 2 and 3 in GSE19804, and 15 TS genes were significantly down-expressed in tumor samples of stage 1. We used S-scores and N-scores defined in correlation networks to evaluate positive and negative influences of these 26 TS genes on expression of other functional genes in the four independent cohorts and found that SASH1, STARD13, CBFA2T3 and RECK were strong TS genes that have strong accordant/discordant effects and network effects globally impacting the other genes in expression and hence can be used as specific biomarkers for diagnosis of NSCLC cancer. Weak TS genes EXT1, PTCH1, KLK10 and APC that are associated with a few genes in function or work in a special pathway were not detected to be differentially expressed and had very small S-scores and N-scores in all collected datasets and can be used as sensitive biomarkers for diagnosis of early cancer. Our findings are well consistent with functions of these TS genes. GSEA analysis found that these 26 TS genes as a gene set had high enrichment scores at stages 1, 2, 3 and all stages.

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Leading cancers contributing to educational disparities in cancer mortality in the US, 2017

Cancer Causes & Control ◽

10.1007/s10552-021-01471-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Diana R. Withrow ◽

Neal D. Freedman ◽

James T. Gibson ◽

Mandi Yu ◽

Anna M. Nápoles ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lung Cancer ◽

High School ◽

Mortality Rate ◽

Cancer Mortality ◽

Death Certificate ◽

Bachelor's Degree ◽

Educational Disparities ◽

Individual Level ◽

Death Certificate Data ◽

The Us

Abstract Purpose To inform prevention efforts, we sought to determine which cancer types contribute the most to cancer mortality disparities by individual-level education using national death certificate data for 2017. Methods Information on all US deaths occurring in 2017 among 25–84-year-olds was ascertained from national death certificate data, which include cause of death and educational attainment. Education was classified as high school or less (≤ 12 years), some college or diploma (13–15 years), and Bachelor's degree or higher (≥ 16 years). Cancer mortality rate differences (RD) were calculated by subtracting age-adjusted mortality rates (AMR) among those with ≥ 16 years of education from AMR among those with ≤ 12 years. Results The cancer mortality rate difference between those with a Bachelor's degree or more vs. high school or less education was 72 deaths per 100,000 person-years. Lung cancer deaths account for over half (53%) of the RD for cancer mortality by education in the US. Conclusion Efforts to reduce smoking, particularly among persons with less education, would contribute substantially to reducing educational disparities in lung cancer and overall cancer mortality.

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