scholarly journals Leading cancers contributing to educational disparities in cancer mortality in the US, 2017

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana R. Withrow ◽  
Neal D. Freedman ◽  
James T. Gibson ◽  
Mandi Yu ◽  
Anna M. Nápoles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
High School ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Cancer Mortality ◽  
Death Certificate ◽  
Bachelor's Degree ◽  
Educational Disparities ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Death Certificate Data ◽  
The Us

Abstract Purpose To inform prevention efforts, we sought to determine which cancer types contribute the most to cancer mortality disparities by individual-level education using national death certificate data for 2017. Methods Information on all US deaths occurring in 2017 among 25–84-year-olds was ascertained from national death certificate data, which include cause of death and educational attainment. Education was classified as high school or less (≤ 12 years), some college or diploma (13–15 years), and Bachelor's degree or higher (≥ 16 years). Cancer mortality rate differences (RD) were calculated by subtracting age-adjusted mortality rates (AMR) among those with ≥ 16 years of education from AMR among those with ≤ 12 years. Results The cancer mortality rate difference between those with a Bachelor's degree or more vs. high school or less education was 72 deaths per 100,000 person-years. Lung cancer deaths account for over half (53%) of the RD for cancer mortality by education in the US. Conclusion Efforts to reduce smoking, particularly among persons with less education, would contribute substantially to reducing educational disparities in lung cancer and overall cancer mortality.

scholarly journals Racial disparities in COVID-19 mortality across Michigan, United States

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alyssa S. Parpia ◽  
Abhishek Pandey ◽  
Isabel Martinez ◽  
Abdulrahman M. El-Sayed ◽  
Chad R. Wells ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Human Services ◽  
Death Certificate ◽  
Systemic Racism ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Department Of Health ◽  
Mortality Burden ◽  
Comorbidity Burden ◽  
The Us ◽  
Black Populations

AbstractBlack populations in the US are disproportionately affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, but the increased mortality burden after accounting for health and demographic characteristics is not well understood. We evaluated COVID-19 mortality in Michigan using individual-level death certificate and surveillance data from the Michigan Department of Health and Human Services from March 16 to October 26, 2020. Among the 6,065 COVID-19-related deaths, Black individuals experienced 3.6 times the mortality rate as White individuals. Black individuals under 65 years without comorbidities had a mortality rate 12.6 times that of their White counterparts. After accounting for age, sex, and comorbidities, we found that Black individuals in all strata are at higher risk of COVID-19 mortality than their White peers. We demonstrate that inequities in mortality are driven by ongoing systemic racism, as opposed to comorbidity burden or older age, and further highlight how underlying disparities across the race are compounded in crises.

scholarly journals CO-DESIGNING CANCER SCREENING INTERVENTIONS WITH PEOPLE OVER 55 YEARS OLD AT RISK FOR LUNG CANCER

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S917-S918
Author(s):  
Leah Tuzzio ◽  
Lorella Palazzo ◽  
Sarah Brush ◽  
Kelly Ehrlich ◽  
Melissa Anderson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Cancer Mortality ◽  
Financial Incentives ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Lung Cancer Screening ◽  
Smoking History ◽  
The Us ◽  
Multilevel Interventions

Abstract In 2014, the US Preventive Task Force recommended annual lung cancer screening with low dose CT (LDCT) for adults aged 55 to 80 years old with significant smoking history. Although screening reduces lung cancer mortality, the leading cause of cancer mortality in the US, adherence to screening follow-up remains low. In a human-centered design qualitative study, health services researchers and eight adults over 55 years old from Kaiser Permanente Washington who had recently had an LDCT participated in two co-design sessions. We elicited barriers, facilitators and design principles to develop multilevel interventions that aim to improve adherence to ongoing LDCT. In the initial discussion, participants identified four key areas for improvements to adherence: a) reminders for scheduling and appointments, b) knowledge about tests and follow-up, c) convenience in location and scheduling, and d) financial and non-financial incentives. In a second session, participants referenced patient personas and sketched storyboards, a comic strip-like format showing steps in a journey, to describe different ways to help patients return for LDCTs. Through qualitative analysis, we identified ten elements to consider incorporating in multilevel interventions: versatility (e.g., multiple reminder options), social support (e.g., families, peers), individualization (e.g., tailoring to patient needs), feelings (e.g., fear, relief), knowledge (e.g., harms/benefits, expectations), responsibility (e.g., who is accountable for reminders), continuity (e.g., clear pathway to adherence), consistency (e.g., same messages), cadence (e.g., rhythm of messages), and acknowledgment (e.g., recognition of screening completion). Next steps are to incorporate feedback from clinical stakeholders and develop multilevel interventions for further testing.

scholarly journals P1.06-023 Spatio-Temporal Distribution of Lung Cancer Mortality Rate in Peru: 2005-2014

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. S1994
Author(s):  
C.J. Flores ◽  
J.S. Torres-Roman ◽  
L.A. Mas Lopez ◽  
R. Ruiz Mendoza ◽  
C.A. Samanez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Cancer Mortality ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Lung Cancer Mortality ◽  
Spatio Temporal

scholarly journals An age-period-cohort analysis of mortality rates for stomach, colorectal, liver, and lung cancer among prefectures in Japan, 1999–2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tasuku Okui
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Liver Cancer ◽  
Cancer Mortality ◽  
Cohort Effect ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cohort Effects ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Cancer Types

Abstract Background Although change in the birth cohort effect on cancer mortality rates is known to be highly associated with the decreasing rates of age-standardized cancer mortality rates in Japan, the differences in the trends of cohort effect for representative cancer types among the prefectures remain unknown. This study aimed to investigate the differences in the decreasing rate of cohort effects among the prefectures for representative cancer types using age-period-cohort (APC) analysis. Methods Data on stomach, colorectal, liver, and lung cancer mortality for each prefecture and the population data from 1999 to 2018 were obtained from the Vital Statistics in Japan. Mortality data for individuals aged 50 to 79 years grouped in 5-year increments were used, and corresponding birth cohorts born 1920–1924 through 1964–1978 were used for analysis. We estimated the effects of age, period, and cohort on each type of mortality rate for each prefecture by sex. Then, we calculated the decreasing rates of cohort effects for each prefecture. We also calculated the mortality rate ratio of each prefecture compared with all of Japan for cohorts using the estimates. Results As a result of APC analysis, we found that the decreasing rates of period effects were small and that there was a little difference in the decreasing rates among prefectures for all types of cancer among both sexes. On the other hand, there was a large difference in the decreasing rates of cohort effects for stomach and liver cancer mortality rates among prefectures, particularly for men. For men, the decreasing rates of cohort effects in cohorts born between 1920–1924 and 1964–1978 varied among prefectures, ranging from 4.1 to 84.0% for stomach cancer and from 20.2 to 92.4% for liver cancers, respectively. On the other hand, the differences in the decreasing rates of cohort effects among prefectures for colorectal and lung cancer were relatively smaller. Conclusions The decreasing rates of cohort effects for stomach and liver cancer varied widely among prefectures. It is possible that this will influence cancer mortality rates in each prefecture in the future.

scholarly journals The Trends of Cardiovascular and Cancer Mortality in Russian Men and Women from 2000 to 2016 years

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Shalnova ◽  
O. M. Drapkina
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Cancer Mortality ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Absolute Number ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Federal State

Aim. To compare trends from CVD and cancer mortality in the Russian Federation from 2000 to 2016. depending on age and gender.Material and methods. The official statistics on mortality of Federal state statistics Service and the data obtained in the Russian database of fertility and mortality of the Center for Demographic Studies of the Russian Economic School, Moscow (Russia) were used. Mortality from CVD, including coronary heart disease (CHD), cerebrovascular disease (CerVD), other CVD, and cancer, including prostate cancer in men and breast cancer in women, stomach cancer, trachea, bronchus and lung cancer were analyzed from 2000 to 2016.Results. From 2000 to 2016 CVD mortality leads in comparison with deaths from cancer both in absolute number of deaths and in standardized deaths rates (SDR). There was a decrease in SDR from CVD and cancer between 2003 and 2016, however, rate of decline in the mortality rate from cancer was much less pronounced compared to CVD. At the same time, there is a trend towards a convergence in mortality from both causes in all age groups, with the exception of 75 years and older. For women in the age group of 35–64 years in 2016, the SDR from CVD was slightly lower than from cancer. The decrease in mortality from CVD was accompanied by a decrease in mortality from CHD and the CerVD, the latter was more pronounced in women. The overall mortality rate from cancer was characterized by a decrease in gastric cancer in people of both sexes, trachea, bronchus and lung cancer in men and breast cancer in women and an increase in prostate cancer in men.Conclusion. The ratio of mortality of CVD to cancer and their age characteristics are important for health care. Keeping in mind a present high rate of CVD deaths and cancer deaths rate decline is still not enough, there are now already two big problems for the health care and prevention is a key, especially with common risk factors. These changing trends in mortality may support evidence for changes in the policy of resource allocation in the country. 

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