scholarly journals Learning from beautiful monsters: phylogenetic and morphogenetic implications of left-right asymmetry in ammonoid shells

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Romain Jattiot ◽  
Emmanuel Fara ◽  
Arnaud Brayard ◽  
Séverine Urdy ◽  
Nicolas Goudemand
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Plasticity ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Lower Jurassic ◽  
Integrative Approach ◽  
Species Assignment ◽  
Left Right Asymmetry ◽  
The Right ◽  
Two Sides ◽  
Shell Geometry ◽  
Direct Ancestor

Abstract Background Many pathologies that modify the shell geometry and ornamentation of ammonoids are known from the fossil record. Since they may reflect the developmental response of the organism to a perturbation (usually a sublethal injury), their study is essential for exploring the developmental mechanisms of these extinct animals. Ammonoid pathologies are also useful to assess the value of some morphological characters used in taxonomy, as well as to improve phylogenetic reconstructions and evolutionary scenarios. Results We report on the discovery of an enigmatic pathological middle Toarcian (Lower Jurassic) ammonoid specimen from southern France, characterized by a pronounced left-right asymmetry in both ornamentation and suture lines. For each side independently, the taxonomic interpretations of ornamentation and suture lines are congruent, suggesting a Hildoceras semipolitum species assignment for the left side and a Brodieia primaria species assignment for the right side. The former exhibits a lateral groove whereas the second displays sinuous ribs. This specimen, together with the few analogous cases reported in the literature, lead us to erect a new forma-type pathology herein called “forma janusa” for specimens displaying a left-right asymmetry in the absence of any clear evidence of injury or parasitism, whereby the two sides match with the regular morphology of two distinct, known species. Conclusions Since “forma janusa” specimens reflect the underlying developmental plasticity of the ammonoid taxa, we hypothesize that such specimens may also indicate unsuspected phylogenetic closeness between the two displayed taxa and may even reveal a direct ancestor-descendant relationship. This hypothesis is not, as yet, contradicted by the stratigraphical data at hand: in all studied cases the two distinct taxa correspond to contemporaneous or sub-contemporaneous taxa. More generally, the newly described specimen suggests that a hitherto unidentified developmental link may exist between sinuous ribs and lateral grooves. Overall, we recommend an integrative approach for revisiting aberrant individuals that illustrate the intricate links among shell morphogenesis, developmental plasticity and phylogeny.

Integrative Approach in Law Understanding: the History of the Origin of Ideas and the Current State

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-130
Author(s):  
R. R. Palekha ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Central Place ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Integrative Approach ◽  
Current State ◽  
History Of ◽  
Legal Thinking ◽  
Reliable Knowledge ◽  
The Right ◽  
Fat Formulation

Introduction. Right understanding is the most live, interesting and, at the same time, the uncertain and changeable area of researches which takes the central place as in the general theory of the right, and gains the increasing value in industry jurisprudence that is connected with its considerable teoretiko-methodological and applied potential which is shown in spheres of lawmaking and law-enforcement activity. Thus, right understanding represents research tools of the subject of knowledge which allow to study all range legal and, the based on them, state phenomena for the purpose of obtaining reliable knowledge of state and legal reality. In this regard integrative approach in right understanding which has rich history of the formation and development is of special interest, allows to perceive the right as integrally complete phenomenon, as much as possible retrieves its regulatory abilities and, provides achievement of criteria of scientific research: comprehensiveness, objectivity, historicism. Materials and Methods. In article an attempt of the analysis of integrative approach in right understanding from a position of history of origin of his ideas and assessment of the current state is made. A result of studying of scientific literature, generalization and comparison of the different points of view fat formulation of author’s determination of category “right understanding” and submission of the evidence-based integrative theory of right understanding which as much as possible conforms to requirements of time and has essential regulatory and guarding potential. Results. In article the category right understanding is comprehensively considered, different integrative theories of right understanding from a position of their origin and development are submitted, the value of modern integrative approach in right understanding is shown, perspectives of its further development are evaluated. Discussion and Conclusion. The author comes to the conclusion about the theoretical and methodological consistency and inevitability of the integrative approach in law understanding, which acts as a scientifically grounded type of legal thinking capable of comprehending the law on a truly scientific basis.

scholarly journals Tardigrades of Kristianstads Vattenrike Biosphere Reserve with description of four new species from Sweden

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Edoardo Massa ◽  
Roberto Guidetti ◽  
Michele Cesari ◽  
Lorena Rebecchi ◽  
K. Ingemar Jönsson
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
New Records ◽  
Biosphere Reserve ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Integrative Approach ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Biological Value

AbstractKristianstads Vattenrike Biosphere Reserve [KVBR] is a UNESCO designated area of Sweden possessing high biological value. Although several studies on tardigrades inhabiting Sweden have been performed, the KVBR area has been neglected. The current study investigates the tardigrade fauna of five areas of the biosphere reserve and includes 34 samples of different substrates analysed quantitatively and qualitatively. In total, 33 species of tardigrades were found in the samples, including 22 new records for the Skåne region, 15 new records for Sweden, and four species new to science. Mesobiotus emiliae sp. nov., Xerobiotus gretae sp. nov., Itaquascon magnussoni sp. nov., and Thulinius gustavi sp. nov. were described with an integrative approach (when possible) using morphological characters (light, electron scanning, and confocal laser scanning microscopies) and molecular markers (ITS2, 18S, 28S, cox1). A new protocol to increase morphological data was developed recovering mounted specimens within old slides for SEM analysis. Emended diagnoses for the genus Itaquascon and the transfer of Platicrista itaquasconoide to the genus Meplitumen are proposed. This study enriches the knowledge of the tardigrade biodiversity both within the KVBR and in Sweden and contributes to the rapidly increasing number of tardigrade species reported worldwide. The 33 species identified in the KVBR area represents 28% of all water bear species found in Sweden so far. The restricted study areas and limited number of samples collected suggests that the KVBR is very rich of tardigrades.

Ambidexterity [L'Homme droit et l'Homme gauche: les Ambidextres]. (Revue philosophique, October, 1901.) Biervliet, J. J. van.

1902 ◽  
Vol 48 (201) ◽  
pp. 348-349
Author(s):  
Havelock Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Uniform Method ◽  
Careful Study ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Right ◽  
Two Sides ◽  
Careful Investigation

Professor van Biervliet has now completed his very careful study of right-sidedness and left-sidedness (already summarised in the Journal) by a still more careful investigation of ambidextrous persons. In the first place by photography, according to a special and uniform method, he finds that in the ambidextrous the two sides of the face, as well as the arms, are fairly alike, the face being slightly more developed on the right side, as among left-sided people, but not in so marked a degree. They occupy much the same position, indeed, throughout the investigation. When compared with right-sided and left-sided people as regards sensory acuteness, it is found that while the right-sided have predominant sensory acuteness on the right side, both the left-sided and the ambidextrous can see further, hear better, possess more acute tactile and muscular sense, on the left side, so that ambidexterity may be regarded as a variety of left-sidedness of more symmetrical anatomical type. In all respects the ambidextrous almost or quite resembled the left-sided.

Simulation and Implementation of HLA-Based Branch Predictor of Multi-Pipeline Processor

2012 ◽  
Vol 204-208 ◽  
pp. 4952-4957
Author(s):  
Ji Hua Ye ◽  
Qi Xie ◽  
Yao Hong Xiahou
Keyword(s):  
Simulation System ◽  
New Method ◽  
High Level Architecture ◽  
Hit Rate ◽  
Branch Predictor ◽  
The Right ◽  
High Level ◽  
Two Sides

Researched how the multi-pipeline processor accelerates the running of thread ,found that when the branch predictor facing the random branch instruction, the hit rate will become very low, so bring out a new method that using the free pipeline to accelerate the running of branch instruction. If the right prediction from branch predictor is less than 70% and there is a free pipeline, then using two pipelines to run the two sides of a branch instruction at the same time. In order to test the new method, the HLA (High Level architecture) architecture-based simulation system is established, the results show that the new method can really reduce the time when processing the random branch instructions.

Two Sides of the Same Coin: Evolution of the Right to Receive

1990 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Elizabeth Bezanson
Keyword(s):  
The Right ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Two Sides

Brain asymmetry, immunity, handedness

Open Medicine ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zlatislav Stoyanov ◽  
Lyoubka Decheva ◽  
Irina Pashalieva ◽  
Piareta Nikolova
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Human Brain ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Functional Organization ◽  
Brain Asymmetry ◽  
Internal Environment ◽  
Living Nature ◽  
Left Right Asymmetry ◽  
The Right

AbstractThe principle of symmetry-asymmetry is widely presented in the structural and functional organization of the nonliving and living nature. One of the most complex manifestations of this principle is the left-right asymmetry of the human brain. The present review summarizes previous and contemporary literary data regarding the role of brain asymmetry in neuroimmunomodulation. Some handedness-related peculiarities are outlined additionally. Brain asymmetry is considered to be imprinted in the formation and regulation of the individual’s responses and relationships at an immunological level with the external and internal environment. The assumptions that the hemispheres modulate immune response in an asymmetric manner have been confirmed in experiments on animals. Some authors assume that the right hemisphere plays an indirect role in neuroimmunomodulation, controlling and suppressing the left hemispheric inductive signals.

scholarly journals Gap junction structures. IV. Asymmetric features revealed by low-irradiation microscopy.

1983 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 204-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
T S Baker ◽  
D L Caspar ◽  
C J Hollingshead ◽  
D A Goodenough
Keyword(s):  
Mirror Symmetry ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Threefold Axis ◽  
Lattice Vector ◽  
Electron Dose ◽  
Projected Image ◽  
The Right ◽  
Junction Structure ◽  
Two Sides ◽  
Low Irradiation

Micrographs of mouse liver gap junctions, isolated with detergents, and negatively stained with uranyl acetate, have been recorded by low-irradiation methods. Our Fourier-averaged micrographs of the hexagonal junction lattice show skewed, hexameric connexons with less stain at the threefold axis than at the six indentations between the lobes of the connexon image. These substructural features, not clearly observed previously, are acutely sensitive to irradiation. After an electron dose less than that normally used in microscopy, the image is converted to the familiar doughnut shape, with a darkly stained center and a smooth hexagonal outline, oriented with mirror symmetry in the lattice. Differences in appearance among 25 reconstructed images from our low-irradiation micrographs illustrate variation in staining of the connexon channel and the space between connexons. Consistently observed stain concentration at six symmetrically related sites approximately 34 A from the connexon center, 8 degrees to the right or left of the (1, 1) lattice vector may reveal an intrinsic asymmetric feature of the junction structure. The unexpected skewing of the six-lobed connexon image suggests that the pair of hexagonal membrane arrays that form the junction may not be structurally identical. Because the projected image of the connexon pair itself appears mirror symmetric, each pair may consist of two identical connexon hexamers related by local (noncrystallographic) twofold axes in the junctional plane at the middle of the gap. All connexons may be chemically identical, but their packing in the hexagonal arrays on the two sides of the junction appears to be nonequivalent.

scholarly journals The Chaetotaxy of the Pupa of Stegomyia fasciata

1920 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. S. Macfie
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Posterior Angle ◽  
Image Position ◽  
The Right ◽  
Two Sides

The pupa is bilaterally symmetrical, that is, setae occur in similar situations on each side of the body, so that it will suffice to describe the arrangement on one side only. The setae on the two sides of the same pupa, however, often vary as regards their sub-divisions, and similar variations occur between different individuals; as an example, in Table I are shown some of the variations that were found in ten pupae taken at random. An examination of a larger number would have revealed a wider range. As a rule, a seta which is sometimes single, sometimes divided, is longer when single. For example, in one pupa the seta at the posterior angle ofthe seventh segment was single on the right side, double on the left; the former measuring 266μ, and the latter only 159μ in length. This fact is not specifically mentioned in the descriptions which follow, but should be understood.

scholarly journals Phyllodiaptomus (Phyllodiaptomus) roietensis, a new diaptomid copepod (Copepoda, Calanoida) from temporary waters in Thailand and Cambodia, with a key to the species

ZooKeys ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 911 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
La-Orsri Sanoamuang ◽  
Santi Watiroyram
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Temporary Waters ◽  
Caudal Ramus ◽  
Temporary Water Bodies ◽  
Temporary Water ◽  
The Right ◽  
Northeastern Thailand

Phyllodiaptomus (Phyllodiaptomus) roietensissp. nov. was collected from temporary water bodies in Roi Et and Nakhon Ratchasima provinces in northeastern Thailand and Kampong Thom Province in central Cambodia. The new species is closely related to Phyllodiaptomus (P.) surinensis Sanoamuang & Yindee, 2001 in that it shares common morphological characters in the males: urosomites 2–3, P5 intercoxal sclerite, right P5 Exp-2, and left P5 Exp. Minor differences on the right antennule, right caudal ramus, P5 basis and Enp exist. The females differ in their Pdg 5, genital double-somite, and P5. An updated key to the species of the genus Phyllodiaptomus Kiefer, 1936 is provided.

Disequilibrium 1: Potential Gradients and Flows

1993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Bayly
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Bulk Flow ◽  
The Other ◽  
Water Salt ◽  
Potential Gradients ◽  
The Right ◽  
Two Sides

As in Chapter 2, so again here the intention is to review ideas that are already familiar, rather than to introduce the unfamiliar; to build a springboard, but not yet to leap off into space. The familiar idea is of flow down a gradient—water running downhill. Parallels are electric current in a wire, salt diffusing inland from the sea, heat flowing from the fevered brow into the cool windowpane, and helium diffusing through the membrane of a helium balloon. For any of these, we can imagine a linear relation: . . . Flow rate across a unit area = (conductivity) x (driving gradient) . . . where the conductivity retains a constant value, and if the other two quantities change, they do so in a strictly proportional way. Real life is not always so simple, but this relation serves to introduce the right quantities, some suitable units and some orders of magnitude. For present purposes, the second and fourth of the examples listed are the most relevant. To make comparison easier we imagine a barrier through which salt can diffuse and through which water can percolate, but we imagine circumstances such that only one process occurs at a time. Specifically, imagine a lagoon separated from the ocean by a manmade dike of gravel and sand 4 m thick, as in Figure 3.1. If the lagoon is full of seawater but the water levels on the two sides of the dike are unequal, water will percolate through the dike, whereas if the levels are the same and the dike is saturated but the lagoon is fresh water, salt will diffuse through but there will be no bulk flow of water. (More correctly, because seawater and fresh water have different densities, and because of other complications, the condition of no net water flow would be achieved in circumstances a little different from what was just stated. For present purposes all we need is the idea that conditions exist where water does not percolate but salt does diffuse.) For flow of water driven by a pressure gradient, suitable units are shown in the upper part of Table 3.1 and for diffusion of salt driven by a concentration gradient, suitable units are shown in the lower part.

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