Genome analysis to decipher syntrophy in the bacterial consortium ‘SCP’ for azo dye degradation

Abstract Background A bacterial consortium SCP comprising three bacterial members, viz. Stenotrophomonas acidaminiphila APG1, Pseudomonas stutzeri APG2 and Cellulomonas sp. APG4 was developed for degradation of the mono-azo dye, Reactive Blue 28. The genomic analysis of each member of the SCP consortium was done to elucidate the catabolic potential and role of the individual organism in dye degradation. Results The genes for glycerol utilization were detected in the genomes of APG2 and APG4, which corroborated with their ability to grow on a minimal medium containing glycerol as the sole co-substrate. The genes for azoreductase were identified in the genomes of APG2 and APG4, while no such trait could be determined in APG1. In addition to co-substrate oxidation and dye reduction, several other cellular functions like chemotaxis, signal transduction, stress-tolerance, repair mechanisms, aromatic degradation, and copper tolerance associated with dye degradation were also annotated. A model for azo dye degradation is postulated, representing the predominant role of APG4 and APG2 in dye metabolism while suggesting an accessory role of APG1. Conclusions This exploratory study is the first-ever attempt to divulge the genetic basis of azo-dye co-metabolism by cross-genome comparisons and can be harnessed as an example for demonstrating microbial syntrophy.

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Role of Enzymes From Microbes in the Treatment of Recalcitrant From Industries

Research Advancements in Pharmaceutical, Nutritional, and Industrial Enzymology - Advances in Medical Technologies and Clinical Practice ◽

10.4018/978-1-5225-5237-6.ch018 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 395-420

Author(s):

Veena Gayathri Krishnaswamy

Keyword(s):

Fresh Water ◽

Azo Dyes ◽

Azo Dye ◽

Dye Degradation ◽

Anthropogenic Activities ◽

Bacterial Degradation ◽

Wide Range ◽

Pharmaceutical Industries ◽

Degradation Of Azo Dye

The limited availability of fresh water is a global crisis. The growing consumption of fresh water due to anthropogenic activities has taken its toll on available water resources. Unfortunately, water bodies are still used as sinks for waste water from domestic and industrial sources. Azo dyes account for the majority of all dye stuffs, produced because they are extensively used in the textile, paper, food, leather, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical industries. Bacterial degradation of azo dyes under certain environmental conditions has gained momentum as a method of treatment, as these are inexpensive, eco-friendly, and can be applied to wide range of such complex dyes. The enzymatic approach has attracted much interest with regard to degradation of azo dyes from wastewater. The oxido-reductive enzymes are responsible for generating highly reactive free radicals that undergo complex series of spontaneous cleavage reactions, due to the susceptibility of enzymes to inactivation in the presence of the other chemicals. The oxidoreductive enzymes, such as lignin peroxidase, laccases, tyrosinase, azoreductase, riboflavin reductive, polyphenol oxidase, and aminopyrine n-demethylase, have been mainly utilized in the bacterial degradation of azo dye. Along with the reductive enzymes, some investigators have demonstrated the involvement in some other enzymes, such as Lignin peroxides and other enzymes. This chapter reviews the importance of enzymes in dye degradation.

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Synthesis of a Rationally Designed Multi-Component Photocatalyst Pt:SiO2:TiO2(P25) with Improved Activity for Dye Degradation by Atomic Layer Deposition

Nanomaterials ◽

10.3390/nano10081496 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (8) ◽

pp. 1496 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Dominik Benz ◽

Hao Van Bui ◽

Hubertus T. Hintzen ◽

Michiel T. Kreutzer ◽

J. Ruud van Ommen

Keyword(s):

Atomic Layer Deposition ◽

Dye Degradation ◽

Atomic Layer ◽

Oh Groups ◽

Practical Applications ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

Layer Deposition ◽

The Individual ◽

Materials Behavior

Photocatalysts for water purification typically lack efficiency for practical applications. Here we present a multi-component (Pt:SiO2:TiO2(P25)) material that was designed using knowledge of reaction mechanisms of mono-modified catalysts (SiO2:TiO2, and Pt:TiO2) combined with the potential of atomic layer deposition (ALD). The deposition of ultrathin SiO2 layers on TiO2 nanoparticles, applying ALD in a fluidized bed reactor, demonstrated in earlier studies their beneficial effects for the photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants due to more acidic surface Si–OH groups which benefit the generation of hydroxyl radicals. Furthermore, our investigation on the role of Pt on TiO2(P25), as an improved photocatalyst, demonstrated that suppression of charge recombination by oxygen adsorbed on the Pt particles, reacting with the separated electrons to superoxide radicals, acts as an important factor for the catalytic improvement. Combining both materials into the resulting Pt:SiO2:TiO2(P25) nanopowder exceeded the dye degradation performance of both the individual SiO2:TiO2(P25) (1.5 fold) and Pt:TiO2(P25) (4-fold) catalysts by 6-fold as compared to TiO2(P25). This approach thus shows that by understanding the individual materials’ behavior and using ALD as an appropriate deposition technique enabling control on the nano-scale, new materials can be designed and developed, further improving the photocatalytic activity. Our research demonstrates that ALD is an attractive technology to synthesize multicomponent catalysts in a precise and scalable way.

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General Discussion

Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B Biological Sciences ◽

10.1098/rspb.1952.0007 ◽

1952 ◽

Vol 139 (895) ◽

pp. 202-207 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Keyword(s):

Division Of Labour ◽

Genetic Constitution ◽

Single Individual ◽

Predominant Role ◽

Individual Organism ◽

Favourable Environment ◽

The Individual ◽

Associated Species ◽

Symbiotic Organisms

The first consideration which arises in any discussion of symbiosis is the connotation to be attached to the term. In what sense, if any, can the symbiotic organisms be regarded as constituting a unity? The ‘struggle for existence’ presupposes antagonism between organisms whether or no they belong to the same or diverse a species. On the other hand, the question remains whether associated species tend to provide for each other a favourable environment. The analysis of the relations between organisms has been dominated by the notion of ‘competition’ or ‘struggle’ and the converse notion of ‘co-operation’ has in consequence been disregarded. It should be remembered that even with regard to the unitary organism the notion of ‘struggle’ between organs has been seriously advocated. The data of ecology serve as a challenge to this view of the predominant role of ‘struggle’. It will be generally accepted that the individual organism represents a true unity, and the persistence of the species bears witness to this fact. In this case the unity of the organism and the transmission of this unity from generation to generation is achieved by a genetic mechanism; nevertheless, the uniformity of genetic constitution throughout the cells of a single individual permits of differentiation of the cells into tissues and organs with diverse physiological functions displaying a ‘division of labour’ between the various organs. The unity of the organism expressed and recognized in the persistence of form within the species thus embraces a diversity of functioning within the constituent parts; and thus the unity may be regarded as a ‘functional unity’ or ‘functional field’. Each organ by its activity provides factors essential for the activity of other organs. The recent advances in the study of hormones as regulating factors in development and coordination is only one aspect of this functional unity.

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Autoprobiotics for personalized nutrition of school children

10.33920/igt-01-2009-11 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 65-68

Author(s):

V.I. Ganina

Keyword(s):

General Education ◽

The Body ◽

School Age Children ◽

School Age ◽

Individual Organism ◽

Impaired Health ◽

The Russian Federation ◽

The Individual ◽

Positive Effect

According to the Ministry of Health and Social Development of Russia, the health status of children and adolescents in the Russian Federation is characterized by the following indicators: more than half of school-age children have impaired health; two-thirds of children under 14 have chronic diseases; only 10-15 percent of graduates of general education institutions can be classified as healthy. In recent decades, with the development of nutrigenomics, the world community of scientists has come to understand the importance of the role of the microbiota in the human body and its relation with nutrition. Normal intestinal microbiota is involved in a variety of physiological functions of the body of school-age children: protective, digestive, detoxifying and anticarcinogenic, synthetic, genetic, immunogenic, metabolic, and others. Probiotic bacteria are one of the functional ingredients that have proven to have a positive effect on children's bodies. Methods of normoflora correction are proposed, aimed not only at restoring evolutionarily conditioned microbial populations, but also providing an effective impact on the individual organism.

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Biodecolourisation of Reactive Red 120 as a Sole Carbon Source by a Bacterial Consortium—Toxicity Assessment and Statistical Optimisation

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18052424 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (5) ◽

pp. 2424

Author(s):

Motharasan Manogaran ◽

Nur Adeela Yasid ◽

Ahmad Razi Othman ◽

Baskaran Gunasekaran ◽

Mohd Izuan Effendi Halmi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Carbon Source ◽

Ammonium Sulphate ◽

Azo Dye ◽

Sole Carbon Source ◽

Bacterial Consortium ◽

Toxicity Assessment ◽

Substrate Availability ◽

Reactive Red 120 ◽

Significant Attention

The application of microorganisms in azo dye remediation has gained significant attention, leading to various published studies reporting different methods for obtaining the best dye decolouriser. This paper investigates and compares the role of methods and media used in obtaining a bacterial consortium capable of decolourising azo dye as the sole carbon source, which is extremely rare to find. It was demonstrated that a prolonged acclimation under low substrate availability successfully isolated a novel consortium capable of utilising Reactive Red 120 dye as a sole carbon source in aerobic conditions. This consortium, known as JR3, consists of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain MM01, Enterobacter sp. strain MM05 and Serratia marcescens strain MM06. Decolourised metabolites of consortium JR3 showed an improvement in mung bean’s seed germination and shoot and root length. One-factor-at-time optimisation characterisation showed maximal of 82.9% decolourisation at 0.7 g/L ammonium sulphate, pH 8, 35 °C, and RR120 concentrations of 200 ppm. Decolourisation modelling utilising response surface methodology (RSM) successfully improved decolourisation even more. RSM resulted in maximal decolourisation of 92.79% using 0.645 g/L ammonium sulphate, pH 8.29, 34.5 °C and 200 ppm RR120.

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Artist’s Psychophysiology in Disposition to Style (Case Study of Lesia Ukrainka’s Biography Materials)

Anthropological Measurements of Philosophical Research ◽

10.15802/ampr.v0i20.249502 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 16-27

Author(s):

H. I Yastrubetska ◽

T. P Levchuk

Keyword(s):

Creative Process ◽

Word Formation ◽

Quantitative Aspect ◽

Individual Organism ◽

Conceptual Role ◽

Research Findings ◽

The Moment ◽

The Individual

Purpose of the study is to shed light on the role of psychophysiology in the creative process, namely, the style corrections connected with pathological changes in the artist’s organism, deviating from empirical-descriptive methods. Theoretical basis of the study implies the interpretation of the notions style and disease not in their narrow professional limitation but from the standpoint of expanding the parameters of these concepts to philosophical dimensions. Based on the principle of analogy, the research findings prove that non-mimetic creative process ("pure" action) manifests itself exclusively in connection with a human from a bodily viewpoint through anthropological mimesis, which can program the propensity to certain capabilities of the individual organism (both psycho-physiological and in its creative and stylistic manifestations). C. G. Jung was the first who pointed to the productivity of this method in his work "Theoretical Reflections on the Nature of the Psyche". The creativity phenomenon (and its most specific feature – style) reflects not only "pure" psychology and the intellectual and spiritual component but also its relation to the artist as a physical being. It, outside its belonging to and being conditioned by transcendent factors, includes a quantitative aspect related to the moment of intensity. The disease (quantitative-intensive indicator) acts to some extent as a stimulator of the production/change of aesthetic enzyme ("The Obsessed" by Lesia Ukrainka). In this context, the dialectic method is also effective because the subject of study cannot be comprehensively argued using naturalistic approaches only and requires (according to A. Losev) a semantic explanation too. The essence of it is the logic of contradictions. In this case, the antinomy of matter-spirit plays a conceptual role in the projection on the plane of word-formation. Originality of the research findings is in the expansion of the causal relationship range of the creative process, namely the inclusion of the factor of psycho-physiological pathology into the system artist-work. This factor performs important stylistic functions. Conclusions. In contrast to scientific studies, where 1) style is analyzed separately (mostly in terms of text landscape description) and 2) the figure of the artist (mainly – in the parameters of empiricism, rarely – in psychoanalytic perspective), this study argues the need to correlate these issues, taking them beyond descriptiveness to avoid schematics and one-dimensionality.

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Role of Enzymes From Microbes in the Treatment of Recalcitrant From Industries

Research Anthology on Synthesis, Characterization, and Applications of Nanomaterials ◽

10.4018/978-1-7998-8591-7.ch036 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 878-903

Author(s):

Veena Gayathri Krishnaswamy

Keyword(s):

Fresh Water ◽

Azo Dyes ◽

Azo Dye ◽

Dye Degradation ◽

Anthropogenic Activities ◽

Bacterial Degradation ◽

Wide Range ◽

Pharmaceutical Industries ◽

Degradation Of Azo Dye

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Ecological Time

Time in Ecology ◽

10.23943/princeton/9780691182353.003.0004 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 43-66

Author(s):

Eric Post

Keyword(s):

Life History ◽

Individual Organism ◽

Life History Stages ◽

Use Of Time ◽

The Individual

This chapter explores the role of time in ecology as a resource. In this framework, the established terms timing, rate, acceleration, and duration accrue more nuanced importance. Here, timing, rate, and duration refer to the onset of, progression through, and hence use of time in linked series of associated phenophases that comprise an individual organism's life history cycle. As with other resources, time available for allocation to such phenophases or life history stages is limited in supply, and it is in demand by conspecific and heterospecific competitors alike. The chapter then argues that time, much like space, varies in its scales of availability for use by the individual organism, and in its forms available for use by the individual organism.

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