scholarly journals Mepiquat chloride promotes cotton lateral root formation by modulating plant hormone homeostasis

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian Wu ◽  
Mingwei Du ◽  
Jie Wu ◽  
Ning Wang ◽  
Baomin Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Root Development ◽  
Lateral Root ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Root Formation ◽  
Lateral Root Formation ◽  
Mepiquat Chloride ◽  
Auxin Level ◽  
Lateral Root Development

Abstract Background Mepiquat chloride (MC), a plant growth regulator, enhances root growth by promoting lateral root formation in cotton. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of this phenomenon is still unknown. Methods In this study, we used 10 cotton (Gossypium hirsutum Linn.) cultivars to perform a seed treatment with MC to investigate lateral root formation, and selected a MC sensitive cotton cultivar for dynamic monitor of root growth and transcriptome analysis during lateral root development upon MC seed treatment. Results The results showed that MC treated seeds promotes the lateral root formation in a dosage-depended manner and the effective promotion region is within 5 cm from the base of primary root. MC treated seeds induce endogenous auxin level by altering gene expression of both gibberellin (GA) biosynthesis and signaling and abscisic acid (ABA) signaling. Meanwhile, MC treated seeds differentially express genes involved in indole acetic acid (IAA) synthesis and transport. Furthermore, MC-induced IAA regulates the expression of genes related to cell cycle and division for lateral root development. Conclusions Our data suggest that MC orchestrates GA and ABA metabolism and signaling, which further regulates auxin biosynthesis, transport, and signaling to promote the cell division responsible for lateral root formation.

Lateral root formation and nutrients: nitrogen in the spotlight

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre-Mathieu Pélissier ◽  
Hans Motte ◽  
Tom Beeckman
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Root System ◽  
Root Development ◽  
Lateral Root ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Root Formation ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Nutrient Use Efficiency ◽  
Lateral Root Formation ◽  
Lateral Root Development

Abstract Lateral roots are important to forage for nutrients due to their ability to increase the uptake area of a root system. Hence, it comes as no surprise that lateral root formation is affected by nutrients or nutrient starvation, and as such contributes to the root system plasticity. Understanding the molecular mechanisms regulating root adaptation dynamics towards nutrient availability is useful to optimize plant nutrient use efficiency. There is at present a profound, though still evolving, knowledge on lateral root pathways. Here, we aimed to review the intersection with nutrient signaling pathways to give an update on the regulation of lateral root development by nutrients, with a particular focus on nitrogen. Remarkably, it is for most nutrients not clear how lateral root formation is controlled. Only for nitrogen, one of the most dominant nutrients in the control of lateral root formation, the crosstalk with multiple key signals determining lateral root development is clearly shown. In this update, we first present a general overview of the current knowledge of how nutrients affect lateral root formation, followed by a deeper discussion on how nitrogen signaling pathways act on different lateral root-mediating mechanisms for which multiple recent studies yield insights.

scholarly journals Lateral Root Priming Synergystically Arises from Root Growth and Auxin Transport Dynamics

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thea van den Berg ◽  
Kirsten H. ten Tusscher
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Lateral Root ◽  
Root Formation ◽  
Growth Dynamics ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Cycle Duration ◽  
Elongation Zone ◽  
Lateral Root Formation ◽  
Cell Cycle Duration

AbstractThe root system is a major determinant of plant fitness. Its capacity to supply the plant with sufficient water and nutrients strongly depends on root system architecture, which arises from the repeated branching off of lateral roots. A critical first step in lateral root formation is priming, which prepatterns sites competent of forming a lateral root. Priming is characterized by temporal oscillations in auxin, auxin signalling and gene expression in the root meristem, which through growth become transformed into a spatially repetitive pattern of competent sites. Previous studies have demonstrated the importance of auxin synthesis, transport and perception for the amplitude of these oscillations and their chances of producing an actual competent site. Additionally, repeated lateral root cap apoptosis was demonstrated to be strongly correlated with repetitive lateral root priming. Intriguingly, no single mutation has been identified that fully abolishes lateral root formation, and thusfar the mechanism underlying oscillations has remained unknown. In this study, we investigated the impact of auxin reflux loop properties combined with root growth dynamics on priming, using a computational approach. To this end we developed a novel multi-scale root model incorporating a realistic root tip architecture and reflux loop properties as well as root growth dynamics. Excitingly, in this model, repetitive auxin elevations automatically emerge. First, we show that root tip architecture and reflux loop properties result in an auxin loading zone at the start of the elongation zone, with preferential auxin loading in narrow vasculature cells. Second, we demonstrate how meristematic root growth dynamics causes regular alternations in the sizes of cells arriving at the elongation zone, which subsequently become amplified during cell expansion. These cell size differences translate into differences in cellular auxin loading potential. Combined, these properties result in temporal and spatial fluctuations in auxin levels in vasculature and pericycle cells. Our model predicts that temporal priming frequency predominantly depends on cell cycle duration, while cell cycle duration together with meristem size control lateral root spacing.

scholarly journals CLE-CLAVATA1 Signaling Pathway Modulates Lateral Root Development under Sulfur Deficiency

Plants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Dong ◽  
Yinghua Wang ◽  
Hideki Takahashi
Keyword(s):  
Root Development ◽  
Lateral Root ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Plant Root ◽  
Root System Architecture ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Lateral Root Development ◽  
S Deficiency ◽  
Cle Peptide ◽  
Plant Root System

Plant root system architecture changes drastically in response to availability of macronutrients in the soil environment. Despite the importance of root sulfur (S) uptake in plant growth and reproduction, molecular mechanisms underlying root development in response to S availability have not been fully characterized. We report here on the signaling module composed of the CLAVATA3 (CLV3)/EMBRYO SURROUNDING REGION (CLE) peptide and CLAVATA1 (CLV1) leucine-rich repeat receptor kinase, which regulate lateral root (LR) development in Arabidopsis thaliana upon changes in S availability. The wild-type seedlings exposed to prolonged S deficiency showed a phenotype with low LR density, which was restored upon sulfate supply. In contrast, the clv1 mutant showed a higher daily increase rate of LR density relative to the wild-type under prolonged S deficiency, which was diminished to the wild-type level upon sulfate supply, suggesting that CLV1 directs a signal to inhibit LR development under S-deficient conditions. CLE2 and CLE3 transcript levels decreased under S deficiency and through CLV1-mediated feedback regulations, suggesting the levels of CLE peptide signals are adjusted during the course of LR development. This study demonstrates a fine-tuned mechanism for LR development coordinately regulated by CLE-CLV1 signaling and in response to changes in S availability.

scholarly journals The Ca2+ sensor protein CMI1 fine tunes root development, auxin distribution and responses

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ora Hazak ◽  
Elad Mamon ◽  
Meirav Lavy ◽  
Hasana Sternberg ◽  
Smrutisanjita Behera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Root Development ◽  
Lateral Root ◽  
Developmental Plasticity ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Ectopic Expression ◽  
Growth Arrest ◽  
Root Hairs ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Auxin Distribution

Signaling cross-talks between auxin, a regulator of plant development and Ca2+, a universal second messenger have been proposed to modulate developmental plasticity in plants. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are largely unknown. Here we report that in Arabidopsis roots, auxin elicits specific Ca2+ signaling pattern that spatially coincide with the expression pattern of auxin-regulated genes. We identified the EF-hand protein CMI1 (Ca2+ sensor Modulator of ICR1) as an interactor of the ROP effector ICR1 (Interactor of Constitutively active ROP). CMI1 is monomeric in solution, changes its secondary structure at Ca2+ concentrations ranging from 10-9 to 10-8 M and its interaction with ICR1 is Ca2+ dependent, involving a conserved hydrophobic pocket. cmi1 mutants display an increased auxin response including shorter primary roots, longer root hairs, longer hypocotyls and altered lateral root formation while ectopic expression of CMI1 induces root growth arrest and reduced auxin responses at the root tip. When expressed alone, CMI1 is localized at the plasma membrane, the cytoplasm and in nuclei. Interaction of CMI1 and ICR1 results in exclusion of CMI1 from nuclei and suppression of the root growth arrest. CMI1 expression is directly upregulated by auxin while expression of auxin induced genes is enhanced in cmi1 concomitantly with repression of auxin induced Ca2+ increases in the lateral root cap and vasculature, indicating that CMI1 represses early auxin responses. Collectively, our findings identify a crucial function of Ca2+ signaling and CMI1 in root growth and suggest an auxin-Ca2+ regulatory feedback loop that fine tunes root development.

EFFECT OF METAL NANOPARTICLES ON THE GROWTH OF NGOC LINH GINSENG (PANAX VIETNAMENSIS) LATERAL ROOTS CULTURED IN VITRO

2017 ◽  
Vol 126 (1C) ◽  
Author(s):  
Duong Tan Nhut ◽  
Nguyen Thi Nhat Linh ◽  
Nguyen Hoang Loc ◽  
Hoang Thanh Tung ◽  
Vu Thi Hien ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Metal Nanoparticles ◽  
Lateral Root ◽  
Root Formation ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Metal Nanoparticle ◽  
Ginseng Root ◽  
Lateral Root Formation ◽  
Triterpenoid Saponins

<p><em>Panax vietnamensis</em> (Ngoc Linh ginseng) plays critical roles in pharmaceutical industry because triterpenoid saponins from its roots produce medicine for improving health and treating many diseases. Metal nanoparticles reveal completely new or improved properties based on specific characteristics such as size, distribution and morphology compare to metal ion or salt; and their potential for <em>in vitro </em>plant cultures. Present study investigated the effects of metal nanoparticles including nZnO (0.5-2.5 mg/l), nAg (1-3 mg/l), and nCu (1-3 mg/l) supplemented in free-hormone-MS medium to <em>in vitro Panax vietnamensis </em>lateral root growth. Our results showed that metal nanoparticles have the positive effect on the growth of<em> in vitro P. vietnamensis </em>lateral<em> </em>roots with nAg, nCu, and nZnO. At different concentrations, <em>in vitro P. vietnamensis </em>lateral root growth also has various effects on the growth of lateral roots. In supplemented metal nanoparticle treatments, nCu is the most optimum for <em>in vitro P. vietnamensis</em> lateral root growth; the highest increase was obtained at 1.5 mg/l nCu treatment (99.3% lateral root formation and all root growth indexes are the highest). Besides, 2.5 mg/l nAg is also significantly noticed in ginseng root growth. However, the negative impact on the growth of the <em>in vitro P. vietnamensis</em> lateral roots showed when culture medium contained the highest concentration; such as the root growing inhibition of nCu and nAg above 2.5 mg/l. Especially, this decrease was higher with the application of nZnO0.5-2.5 mg/l (decrease the lateral root number) and 2.5 mg/l (decrease percent of lateral root formation).</p>

scholarly journals Interplay of Auxin and Cytokinin in Lateral Root Development

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 486 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongwei Jing ◽  
Lucia Strader
Keyword(s):  
Lateral Root ◽  
Root Formation ◽  
Plant Root ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Root System Architecture ◽  
Regulatory Mechanisms ◽  
Lateral Root Formation ◽  
Lateral Root Development ◽  
The Past ◽  
Plant Root System

The spacing and distribution of lateral roots are critical determinants of plant root system architecture. In addition to providing anchorage, lateral roots explore the soil to acquire water and nutrients. Over the past several decades, we have deepened our understanding of the regulatory mechanisms governing lateral root formation and development. In this review, we summarize these recent advances and provide an overview of how auxin and cytokinin coordinate the regulation of lateral root formation and development.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF METAL NANOPARTICLES ON THE GROWTH OF NGOC LINH GINSENG (PANAX VIETNAMENSIS) LATERAL ROOTS CULTURED IN VITRO

2017 ◽  
Vol 126 (1C) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Nguyễn Thị Nhật Linh ◽  
Hoàng Thanh Tùng ◽  
Vũ Thị Hiền ◽  
Vũ Quốc Luận ◽  
Nguyễn Phúc Huy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Metal Nanoparticles ◽  
Lateral Root ◽  
Root Formation ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Metal Nanoparticle ◽  
Ginseng Root ◽  
Lateral Root Formation ◽  
Triterpenoid Saponins

<p><em>Panax vietnamensis</em> (Ngoc Linh ginseng) plays critical roles in pharmaceutical industry because triterpenoid saponins from its roots produce medicine for improving health and treating many diseases. Metal nanoparticles reveal completely new or improved properties based on specific characteristics such as size, distribution and morphology compare to metal ion or salt; and their potential for <em>in vitro </em>plant cultures. Present study investigated the effects of metal nanoparticles including nZnO (0.5-2.5 mg/l), nAg (1-3 mg/l), and nCu (1-3 mg/l) supplemented in free-hormone-MS medium to <em>in vitro Panax vietnamensis </em>lateral root growth. Our results showed that metal nanoparticles have the positive effect on the growth of<em> in vitro P. vietnamensis </em>lateral<em> </em>roots with nAg, nCu, and nZnO. At different concentrations, <em>in vitro P. vietnamensis </em>lateral root growth also has various effects on the growth of lateral roots. In supplemented metal nanoparticle treatments, nCu is the most optimum for <em>in vitro P. vietnamensis</em> lateral root growth; the highest increase was obtained at 1.5 mg/l nCu treatment (99.3% lateral root formation and all root growth indexes are the highest). Besides, 2.5 mg/l nAg is also significantly noticed in ginseng root growth. However, the negative impact on the growth of the <em>in vitro P. vietnamensis</em> lateral roots showed when culture medium contained the highest concentration; such as the root growing inhibition of nCu and nAg above 2.5 mg/l. Especially, this decrease was higher with the application of nZnO0.5-2.5 mg/l (decrease the lateral root number) and 2.5 mg/l (decrease percent of lateral root formation).</p>

scholarly journals Pseudomonas sp. TK35-L enhances tobacco root development and growth by inducing HRGPnt3 expression in plant lateral root formation

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 2549-2560
Author(s):  
Yuan-yuan CAO ◽  
Hai-ting NI ◽  
Ting LI ◽  
Khien-duc LAY ◽  
Dai-song LIU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Development ◽  
Lateral Root ◽  
Root Formation ◽  
Pseudomonas Sp ◽  
Lateral Root Formation
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document