scholarly journals Mucormycosis-induced upper gastrointestinal ulcer perforation in immunocompetent patients: a report of two cases

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongyun Huang ◽  
Lang Xie ◽  
Zheng Zheng ◽  
Hanhui Yu ◽  
Lingjing Tu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Bleeding ◽  
Bacterial Infection ◽  
Fungal Infection ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Ventilatory Support ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Good Prognosis ◽  
Pathological Examination ◽  
First Case

Abstract Background Gastrointestinal mucormycosis (GIM) is a rare, opportunistic fungal infection with poor prognosis. Clinically, it is difficult to diagnose GIM owing to its nonspecific clinical symptoms and poor suspicion. The estimated incidence of GIM is inaccurate, and most cases are diagnosed accidentally during surgery or upon postmortem examination. GIM usually occurs in patients with immune deficiencies or diabetes. Here, we report two cases of immunocompetent young patients with GIM who had good prognosis after treatment. Compared to other case reports on GIM, our cases had unusual infection sites and no obvious predisposing factors, which make it important to highlight these cases. Case presentation The first case was that of a 16-year-old immunocompetent boy who was admitted with gastrointestinal bleeding and perforation due to a gastric ulcer. Strategies used to arrest bleeding during emergency gastroscopy were unsuccessful. An adhesive mass was then discovered through laparoscopy. The patient underwent type II gastric resection. Pathological examination of the mass revealed bacterial infection and GIM. The second case was of a 33-year-old immunocompetent woman with a recent history of a lower leg sprain. The patient subsequently became critically ill and required ventilatory support. After hemodynamic stabilization and extubation, she presented with hematemesis due to exfoliation and necrosis of the stomach wall. The patient underwent total gastrectomy plus jejunostomy. The pathology results revealed severe bacterial infection and fungal infection that was confirmed as GIM. The patient fully recovered after receiving anti-infective and antifungal treatments. Conclusions Neither patient was immunosuppressed, and both patients presented with gastrointestinal bleeding. GIM was confirmed via pathological examination. GIM is not limited to immunocompromised patients, and its diagnosis mainly relies on pathological examination. Early diagnosis, timely surgical treatment, and early administration of systemic drug treatment are fundamental to improving its prognosis.

scholarly journals An unusual case of acute lower gastrointestinal bleeding due to fungal infection

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (11) ◽  
pp. 030006052096782
Author(s):  
Jianchun Xiao ◽  
Ruopeng Zhang ◽  
Wanqi Chen ◽  
Beizhan Niu
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Bleeding ◽  
Fungal Infection ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Unusual Case ◽  
Exploratory Laparotomy ◽  
Lower Gastrointestinal Bleeding ◽  
Pathological Examination ◽  
Disorder Of Consciousness ◽  
Glucocorticoid Treatment ◽  
History Of

A 63-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital with herpes zoster viral infection and intermittent disorder of consciousness. On day 13 of hospitalization for glucocorticoid treatment, the patient experienced seven episodes of hematochezia. She had a 2-year history of systemic lupus erythematosus and had undergone splenectomy at 40 years of age. Computed tomography and electronic endoscopy revealed bleeding and contrast agent leakage into the splenic flexure of the colon. The patient underwent an emergency exploratory laparotomy and left hemicolectomy for suspected active hemorrhaging into the digestive tract. Pathological examination revealed that the bleeding had been caused by a fungal infection. No further hemorrhaging occurred after the surgery, suggesting that intestinal fungal infection might be a potential differential diagnosis for gastrointestinal bleeding in compromised hosts.

Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma presenting with life-threatening hemorrhage in a child

2009 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua J. Wind ◽  
P. Benjamin Kerr ◽  
Jennifer A. Sweet ◽  
Vivek R. Deshmukh
Keyword(s):  
Intracerebral Hemorrhage ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Pleomorphic Xanthoastrocytoma ◽  
First Case ◽  
Life Threatening

Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytomas are glial-based tumors that arise most frequently in young patients and usually follow a more benign and indolent clinical course than their other glial-based tumor counterparts. These tumors most frequently present with seizures, and only 3 previous case reports exist of hemorrhagic tumor as the clinical presentation. The authors present the first case of life-threatening intracerebral hemorrhage from pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma in a child.

scholarly journals Blunt external laryngeal trauma: Two case reports

2007 ◽  
Vol 60 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 489-492
Author(s):  
Slobodan Mitrovic
Keyword(s):  
Computerized Tomography ◽  
Computer Tomography ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Thyroid Cartilage ◽  
Complete Recovery ◽  
Valve Mechanism ◽  
Laryngeal Trauma ◽  
First Case

Introduction. External laryngeal trauma, blunt or penetrating, is rare but potentially life-threatening. Most frequently it occurs in motor vehicle accidents. The most common symptoms of external laryngeal injuries are: dysphagia, odynophagia, dysphonia, odynophonia, reduction of the laryngeal prominence, hemoptysis and neck crepitation. Two case reports. This paper reviews two cases of blunt laryngeal injury caused by a direct blow to the neck. After admission, both patients underwent clinical examination, as well as radiography of the neck, and computer tomography of the neck and larynx. GIRBAS scale was used for voice analysis. In the first case, computer tomography showed a fracture of the right thyroid cartilage in the posterior lamina where it is attached to the upper horn. In the other case, the presence of air was confirmed by radiography of the upper aperture. Computerized tomography showed the presence of air in the neck, underneath the skin, which was probably the consequence of the larygeal valve mechanism trauma. Both patients were treated conservatively. Discussion and Conclusion. The symptomatology of external larygeal trauma may include: hoarseness, swallowing difficulties and/or painful swallowing, painful phonation, neck pain, bloody sputum and breathing difficulties. The clinical symptoms of blunt laryngeal trauma may be hidden and non-specific, but also clear, indicating a larynx trauma, and vice versa. Quick diagnosis using computerized tomography, hospitalization and adequate therapy, can reduce the consequences of these injuries and increase the chances for a complete recovery of larygeal musculature and function. .

scholarly journals Presentation of Branchial Cleft Anomalies: Case Reports and Review of Literature

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 168-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Apar Pokharel ◽  
TS Rao ◽  
Bikash Pandey ◽  
Chhanya Bhandary ◽  
Prashant Bhatt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Surgical Excision ◽  
Operative Outcomes ◽  
First Case ◽  
Branchial Cleft Anomalies ◽  
Branchial Cleft ◽  
Branchial Fistula ◽  
Lateral Neck Swelling

Type 2 branchial cleft anomalies are the most common cause of lateral neck swelling. We report two cases of type 2 branchial cleft anomalies. The first case is branchial cleft cyst and the second one is branchial fistula. Both cases were managed surgically. The post operative outcomes were uneventful. Second branchial cleft anomalies are the most common branchial anomalies. Branchial cysts are more common than sinuses and branchial fistulae are extremely rare. There is no gender predilection. The location, clinical symptoms and imaging findings aid in the diagnosis of this condition. Surgical excision is the mainstay of treatment.Keywords: branchial cleft; branchial cyst; branchial fistula.

scholarly journals Everolimus Implicated in Case of Severe Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Gonzales ◽  
Seth Klusewitz ◽  
Johanna Marowske ◽  
John Gancayco ◽  
Michael B. Osswald ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Gastrointestinal Bleeding ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Argon Plasma Coagulation ◽  
Mammalian Target Of Rapamycin ◽  
Argon Plasma ◽  
Metastatic Breast ◽  
Reduced Dose ◽  
First Case

Breast cancer remains the leading cause of cancer and the third leading cause of cancer related deaths among our population with an estimated number of 246,660 new cases and 40,450 deaths in 2016. With treatment advancements, including targeted agents such as Everolimus, a mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor, survivability and quality of life continue to improve. However, with the use of these agents come adverse effects, some of which are still being characterized. Our case demonstrates recurrent episodes of gastrointestinal bleeding in a 60-year-old woman being treated with Everolimus for progressive metastatic breast cancer. On endoscopy, bleeding was secondary to erosive gastritis. Previous case reports have described bleeding due to gastric antral vascular ectasia (GAVE), which was described in two prior reported cases. In our case, bleeding also occurred on a reduced dose of Everolimus compared to what is previously reported (5 mg versus 10 mg). As a result of her gastrointestinal bleeding, she required multiple endoscopic interventions including argon plasma coagulation and multipolar heater probe to achieve hemostasis. This is the first case reported of gastrointestinal bleeding not consistent with GAVE and occurring while being on a reduced dose of Everolimus. It is important to document our case so that the Gastroenterology and Hematology communities can be educated and made aware for their patient populations on Everolimus.

scholarly journals Case Report: Pregnancy with Fetal Hydrathorax

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-72
Author(s):  
Aditya Arya Putra ◽  
Rahmad Rizal Budi Wicaksono ◽  
M. Besari Adi Pramono ◽  
Arsita Eka Rini
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Hypoplasia ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Good Prognosis ◽  
Pathological Examination ◽  
Prior History ◽  
Fetal Outcomes ◽  
First Case ◽  
Experienced Difficulty

Background: Cases of fetal hydrothorax (FHT) are rare, with an occurrence probability of 1 in every 10,000-15,000 pregnancies. The condition may remain undiagnosed, and the fetus may be aborted, or death may occur soon after birth in outlying hospitals before transfer to a tertiary care center. The incidence rate of FHT is higher in males than females (2:1). One of the most effective methods of diagnosing fetal hydrothorax is sonography. Three forms of currently available treatments are: thoracentesis, thoracoamniotic shunting (TAS), and thoracomaternal cutaneous drainage. Fetal outcomes could be improved by performing the Extrauterine Intrapartum Treatment (EXIT) procedure.Case Presentation: We present two cases of first pregnancy primary FHT. In the first case, a 24-year-old woman was diagnosed with asymptomatic FHT in the 28th week of gestation without any prior history. In the second case, a 22-year-old woman with poor medical history was diagnosed in the 35th week of pregnancy and was experienced difficulty of breathing. Both pregnancies were delivered by cesarean section based on obstetric indications. Thoracentesis was performed on both neonates, and pathological examination of the pleural fluid was conducted. However, they died shortly after birth.Conclusion: The EXIT procedure is still a challenging method. A fetus with FHT is at significant risk of pulmonary hypoplasia and respiratory distress following delivery. Early diagnosis and intervention of FHT are vital to ensure a good prognosis. Approaching multidisciplinary groups, providing supportive diagnostic facilities and financial support is essential in improving fetal outcomes and preventing FHT in subsequent pregnancies.

scholarly journals Cystic Echinococcosis/Hydatid Cyst Coinfection with HIV: A Report from Shiraz, Iran

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Yosef Sharifi ◽  
Seyed Mahmoud Sadjjadi ◽  
Hamed Nikoupour Dailami ◽  
Seyed Hamed Jafari ◽  
Mohammad Hossein Anbardar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydatid Cyst ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
Laboratory Report ◽  
Hiv Coinfection ◽  
First Case ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Polymerase Chain

HIV coinfected with other parasitic diseases may cause a serious problem for the patients. A few case reports describing echinococcosis with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection have been reported in the world; however, it has not been reported in Iran, so far. Here, the first case of liver hydatid cyst coinfected with HIV in Iran is reported. The patient is a 46-year-old female HIV-positive based on the laboratory report. Her clinical symptoms included abdominal pain, abdominal enlargement, and anorexia. Ultrasound showed three large hepatic hydatid cysts with hundreds of daughter cysts. Ultrasonography of the cyst revealed it as a CE2 stage according to the WHO classification. The patient went under complete anesthesia followed by complete cyst removal by surgery. Observation of the hydatid cyst fluid using eosin 0.1% revealed more than 70% viable protoscoleces. Histopathology examination, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and viable protoscoleces confirmed the diagnosis of echinococcosis. The IgG ELISA test with native AgB for E. granulosus infection was also positive. mtDNA amplification using PCR and sequencing showed the cyst as E. granulosus sensu stricto genotype. Our observations show that huge, large, and high-pressure cysts with hundreds of daughter cysts are difficult to be completely removed, and drug treatment has not been able to reduce their size. Therefore, in HIV coinfection with hydatid cyst, surgery is preferable to other treatments.

scholarly journals Case Reports on Metaplastic Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Breast and Treatment Dilemma

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Anita Pandey ◽  
Kishor Joshi ◽  
Harry Moussouris ◽  
Gardith Joseph
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Carcinoma Of The Breast ◽  
First Case ◽  
Heterogeneous Behavior ◽  
Premenopausal Female

Metaplastic squamous cell carcinoma of the breast is a very rare form of breast cancer that consists of both glandular and nonglandular components mixed with epithelial and mesenchymal tissues. Worldwide, the incidence of this tumor is between 0.1 and 2%. Because of the rarity of this tumor and heterogeneous behavior of the tumor cells, it is difficult to establish the standard therapeutic approach. We report 2 cases of metaplastic squamous cell carcinoma of the breast in young patients with different responses to treatment strategies. The first case is a premenopausal female with metaplastic squamous cell carcinoma treated with surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, and the second case is perimenopausal metaplastic squamous cell carcinoma with sarcomatoid subtype and osteoid matrix production which progressed on chemotherapy and was treated with surgery and radiation.

scholarly journals Solitary fibrous tumor of the pleura in a 22-year-old woman: a case report

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (9) ◽  
pp. 030006052095949
Author(s):  
Nina Sun ◽  
Jingluan Wang ◽  
Zhaozhong Cheng ◽  
Weizhong Han ◽  
Guo Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solitary Fibrous Tumor ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Pathological Examination ◽  
Positive Staining ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
Contrast Enhanced ◽  
Fibrous Tumor ◽  
Enhanced Computed Tomography ◽  
Over 40 Years

Solitary fibrous tumor of the pleura (SFTP) is a rare disease, and most published case reports are in patients over 40 years old. We report a case of SFTP in a 22-year-old woman. The imaging features were observed using contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT), and histomorphological features were evaluated using pathology and immunohistochemistry. The CT showed a mass in the pleura inside the ninth rib on the left. Pathological results of percutaneous puncture in the chest suggested the possibility of solitary fibroma. The patient underwent surgical resection, and the tumor measured 2.5 × 1.5 × 1.5 cm with an intact capsule. Pathological examination revealed a spindle cell tumor, and immunohistochemistry showed strong positive staining for CD34 and STAT6, consistent with typical solitary fibroma. Although SFTP is rare in young patients, early diagnosis and intervention are needed to avoid the possibility of future complications.

scholarly journals Buccal bifurcation cyst as an incidental finding in cone beam computed tomography scans

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 385-389
Author(s):  
Anne Caroline OENNING ◽  
Luciana Butini OLIVEIRA ◽  
José Luiz Cintra JUNQUEIRA ◽  
Saulo L. SOUSA MELO
Keyword(s):  
Incidental Finding ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Unknown Etiology ◽  
Second Molar ◽  
First Case ◽  
Dental Practitioners ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Computed Tomography Scans ◽  
Inferior Alveolar Canal

ABSTRACT Buccal bifurcation cyst is an unusual inflammatory odontogenic cyst of unknown etiology which occurs at the buccal region of the permanent mandibular first molars in children and adolescents aged 6-15 years old. The aim of this manuscript is to present two clinical cases of buccal bifurcation cyst incidentally detected in adolescents referred for tomographic exams (CBCT) as part of the treatment planning for the management of impacted mandibular molars. The first case is very interesting due to the proximity of the lesion to the inferior alveolar canal. In the second case the inferior alveolar canal was not in close proximity to the lesion, but in contact with the mesiobuccal root of the second molar. The diagnosis of Buccal bifurcation cyst is of utmost importance in order to avoid complications during surgical procedures. In addition, the present case reports have highlighted the importance for dental practitioners to be aware of the possibility of a buccal bifurcation cyst being present as an incidental finding in CBCT images, especially in young patients.

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