The prevalence of human papillomavirus infections and associated risk factors in men-who-have-sex-with-men in Cape Town, South Africa

ObjectivesMen who have sex with men (MSM) are a highly neglected population in the current recommendation of girls-only human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination programmes in many countries. To better assess the cost effectiveness of HPV vaccination among men requires data on the prevalence of HPV infection in MSM using a community sample, which is still sparse in several regions. We examined the prevalence of and factors associated with anogenital HPV infection among MSM in Taiwan.MethodsMSM 20 years of age and older were recruited from the community and social media in Taiwan in 2015–2016 and screened for HPV infection to detect 37 genotypes. MSM were seen at baseline and were/will be seen at 6, 12, 24 and 36 months. Men completed a questionnaire regarding their sexual experiences. Multivariable regression analyses were conducted to identify associated behavioural risk factors using the baseline data.ResultsA total of 253 MSM were recruited; 87 % were below 35 years of age. Diagnosis of HIV was reported in 4% of men; just over 20% had three or more anal sex partners in the past year. The prevalence of any tested HPV type was 29.4% at the anal site and 11% at the penile site. One quarter of MSM were infected with any of the 9-valent vaccine HPV types. Anal HPV detection was associated with having three or more receptive anal sex partners in the past year (adjusted odds ratio (aOR)=2.92, 95% CI 1.29 to 6.61) and having older sex partners (aOR=2.51, 95% CI 1.07 to 5.90).ConclusionsOur data provide the base to calculate the reproductive rate for HPV transmission in a low-risk community sample and cost-effectiveness to include men in HPV vaccination policies. Adding evidence from a community sample adds comprehensiveness for future estimates of disease transmission and vaccine effectiveness.

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Very High HIV Incidence and Associated Risk Factors in a Longitudinal Cohort Study of Diverse Adolescent and Young Adult Men Who Have Sex with Men and Transgender Women

AIDS and Behavior ◽

10.1007/s10461-019-02766-4 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 24 (6) ◽

pp. 1966-1975 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Brian Mustanski ◽

Daniel T. Ryan ◽

Michael E. Newcomb ◽

Richard T. D’Aquila ◽

Margaret Matson

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Young Adult ◽

Adolescent And Young Adult ◽

Longitudinal Cohort Study ◽

Hiv Incidence ◽

Adult Men ◽

Sex With Men ◽

Associated Risk Factors ◽

Very High

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Colonisation with pathogenic drug-resistant bacteria and Clostridioides difficile among residents of residential care facilities in Cape Town, South Africa: a cross-sectional prevalence study

Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control ◽

10.1186/s13756-019-0643-y ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Jason September ◽

Leon Geffen ◽

Kathryn Manning ◽

Preneshni Naicker ◽

Cheryl Faro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

South Africa ◽

Residential Care ◽

Cape Town ◽

Resistant Bacteria ◽

Antibiotic Prescribing ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Residential Care Facilities ◽

Care Facilities ◽

Stool Samples

Abstract Background Residential care facilities (RCFs) act as reservoirs for multidrug-resistant organisms (MDRO). There are scarce data on colonisation with MDROs in Africa. We aimed to determine the prevalence of MDROs and C. difficile and risk factors for carriage amongst residents of RCFs in Cape Town, South Africa. Methods We performed a cross-sectional surveillance study at three RCFs. Chromogenic agar was used to screen skin swabs for methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and stool samples for extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-E). Antigen testing and PCR was used to detect Clostridiodes difficile. Risk factors for colonisation were determined with logistic regression. Results One hundred fifty-four residents were enrolled, providing 119 stool samples and 152 sets of skin swabs. Twenty-seven (22.7%) stool samples were positive for ESBL-E, and 13 (8.6%) residents had at least one skin swab positive for MRSA. Two (1.6%) stool samples tested positive for C. difficile. Poor functional status (OR 1.3 (95% CI, 1.0–1.6)) and incontinence (OR 2.9 (95% CI, 1.2–6.9)) were significant predictors for ESBL-E colonisation. MRSA colonization appeared higher in frail care areas (8/58 v 5/94, p = 0.07). Conclusions There was a relatively high prevalence of colonisation with MDROs, particularly ESBL-E, but low C. difficile carriage, with implications for antibiotic prescribing and infection control practice.

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