Isolation and characterization of Listeria monocytogenes among women attending Jimma University medical center, Southwest Ethiopia

Abstract Background Listeria monocytogenes (LM) has come to be a major public health issue of at-risk groups, causing high morbidity and mortality. Despite this data, studies are very limited in developing countries like Ethiopia. Thus, we aimed to isolate and characterize LM in terms of antibiogram and biofilm formation among pregnant women with fever, women with a history of spontaneous abortion, women with a history of fetal loss, and women with preterm delivery at Jimma University Medical Center (JUMC), southwest Ethiopia. Methods A cross-sectional study was done among 144 women from June to August 2019. Isolates were tested for antibiotic susceptibility and biofilm formation using disc diffusion and microtiter plate method, respectively. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire, entered into Epidata 3.1 and logistic regression was done by SPSS v25.0. Results LM was isolated in 8 (5.56%) of 144 screened women. The isolation rate of LM was relatively higher among women with a history of fetal loss (9.7%), followed by women with preterm delivery (6.25%). One of the six cord blood was positive for LM, indicating that the transplacental transmission rate at JUMC was 16.7%. More than 2% of women with an ongoing pregnancy were found to have LM septicemia, which could hurt their fetus. All of the isolates tested were susceptible to Ampicillin. However, all of the isolates were resistant to Penicillin and Meropenem and were biofilm producers. Conclusions The high magnitude of pregnancy-related listeriosis in the current study setting appears that implementation of educational programs targeting risk reduction and more studies to identify sources of LM are warranted. The choice of antibiotics should be after susceptibility testing.

Download Full-text

Determinants of Low Fifth Minute Apgar Score among Newborn Delivered in Jimma University Medical Center, Southwest Ethiopia

International Journal of Pediatrics ◽

10.1155/2020/9896127 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Bekalu Getachew ◽

Tesema Etefa ◽

Adissu Asefa ◽

Behailu Terefe ◽

Diriba Dereje

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Apgar Score ◽

Medical Center ◽

Southwest Ethiopia ◽

Khat Use ◽

Prolonged Duration ◽

History Of ◽

Minute Apgar Score ◽

Jimma University

Background. Apgar score is currently an accepted method for newborn infant assessment immediately after delivery. Low fifth minute Apgar score was strongly associated with the risk of neonatal and infant death. Even though much has been done, still, the levels of neonatal mortality in sub-Saharan African countries including Ethiopia were significant. Therefore, this study is aimed at identifying the risk factors so as providing strategies for decreasing the morbidity and mortality of newborns and identifying determinants of low fifth minute Apgar score among newborns delivered in Jimma University Medical Center, Southwest Ethiopia, 2018. Method. Institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted involving 366 neonates delivered at Jimma University Medical Center. Data was collected by using interview questionnaire. Apgar score was assessed by standard tool at the 1st, 5th, and 10th minutes after birth and only 5th minute Apgar score was used as outcome variable. Consecutive sampling technique was used to select the participants. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS version 20.0. Chi-square test was done at bivariate level and P value was used to select candidate variables for multivariate analysis. Finally, a 95% confidence interval was used to assess significance. Results. A response rate of this study was 95%. The proportion of low 5th minute Apgar score in this study was 11.5%. Prolonged duration of labor (AOR=15.18, 95% CI: 5.51-40.27), maternal history of khat use (AOR=3.21, 95% CI: 1.26-8.85), and low birth weight (AOR=1.65, 95% CI: 1.02-3.11) were predictors of low fifth minute Apgar score. Conclusion. About one tenth of newborns were having low 5th minute Apgar score. The likelihood of low 5th minute Apgar score was found to increase with prolonged duration of labor, history of mother’s khat use, and low birth weight.

Download Full-text

In vitro biofilm formation and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of bacteria isolated from suspected external ocular infected patients attending Jimma University Medical Center eye clinic, southwest Ethiopia

10.21203/rs.2.1780/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Kuma Diriba ◽

Tesfaye Kassa ◽

Yared Alemu ◽

Sisay Bekele

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽

Biofilm Formation ◽

Medical Center ◽

Ocular Infection ◽

Bacterial Isolates ◽

Susceptibility Pattern ◽

Southwest Ethiopia ◽

Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern ◽

Ocular Infections ◽

Jimma University

Abstract Background: Ocular disease with its complications is a major public health problem which significantly impacts on quality of life in developing countries. An ocular infection due to microbial agents, can lead to reduced vision and blindness. This study was aimed to assess the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern and biofilm forming potential of bacteria isolated from suspected external ocular infected patients attending Jimma University Medical Center (JUMC). Method: A cross sectional facility based study was conducted on 319 suspect patients with external ocular infections from March 2017 to June 2017 at JUMC in Southwest Ethiopia. External ocular specimens were collected and standard operating procedures were followed to handle and culture throughout the study period. Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of the isolates was determined by disk diffusion method according to CLSI 2015. Microtiter (96 wells) plate method was used to screen biofilm formation by measuring optical density at 570nm. Result: Out of 319 study participants with external ocular infection, the prevalence of bacterial pathogens was 46.1%. The predominant bacterial isolates were Coagulase negative staphylococcus (CoNS) (27.7%) followed by Staphylococcus aureus (19.7%). Among Gram negatives, Pseudomonas aeroginosa (6.8%) was the leading isolate. Increased antimicrobial resistance was observed for tetracycline (64%), erthromycin (66.7%) and penicillin (77.1%). Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, ciprofloxacin and gentamicin were the most effective drugs for both Gram negative and Gram positive ranging from about 70 to 100% with the later two drugs for external ocular infections. Methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA) accounted for 13.8% of S. aureus isolates.. Multidrug resistance (MDR) accounted for 68.7%. The overall biofilm formation rate of bacterial ocular pathogens was 66.1%; with P. aeruginosa (40%), CoNS (34.1%) and S. aureus (31%) formed strong biofilm phenotype. Conclusion: The prevalence of bacterial isolates among external ocular infection was high. Almost all bacterial isolates were resistant to atleast one or more drugs. MDR pathogens were observed increasingly among biofilm formers or vice versa. Therefore, antimicrobial susceptibility testing should be practiced to guide treatment of external ocular cases and to control the emergence of drug resistant bacteria.

Download Full-text

Magnitude of Biofilm Formation and Antimicrobial Resistance Pattern of Bacteria Isolated from Urinary Catheterized Inpatients of Jimma University Medical Center, Southwest Ethiopia

International Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.1155/2019/5729568 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Netsanet Awoke ◽

Tesfaye Kassa ◽

Lule Teshager

Keyword(s):

Biofilm Formation ◽

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

Medical Center ◽

Bacterial Isolates ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Southwest Ethiopia ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern ◽

Study Participants ◽

Jimma University

Biofilm formation is one of the features of most bacteria. Catheterization in medicine is a source of highly resistant bacterial infections, and those bacteria respond poorly to antimicrobial therapy. Bacterial biofilm features were not described from catheterized inpatients in Ethiopia as its formation is known to afford antimicrobial resistance and challenge patient management. The aim of this study was to isolate catheter-associated urinary bacterial pathogens, their biofilm formation, and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern among inpatients of Jimma University Medical Center (JUMC) in Southwest Ethiopia. A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted among urinary catheterized inpatients of JUMC from February to August 2016. A total of 143 study participants were enrolled consecutively in this study. Urine samples were collected from catheterized patients and processed using a standard bacteriological protocol for isolation and identification. Evaluation ofin vitrobiofilm formation and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of uropathogenic bacteria was done using microtiter plates and disk diffusion method, respectively. Data were cleaned, coded, and entered into SPSS version 20 for analysis. All statistical test values ofp<0.05were considered statistically significant. From all study participants, mean age was 44 years. Sixty bacterial strains were recovered from 57 urinary catheterized inpatients among which 54 of them were monomicrobial (94.7%). The remaining six bacterial strains were recovered from three study participants each with two bacterial isolates. The predominant bacterial isolates were Gram-negative bacteria withE. coliturning out first. About 80% of bacterial isolates were biofilm formers. The majority of the bacteria were resistant to commonly prescribed antimicrobial agents. In conclusion, the majority of bacterial uropathogen isolates were Gram-negative, biofilm formers, and resistant to commonly prescribed antimicrobial agents. Relatively ciprofloxacin, nitrofurantoin, and amikacin were highly effective against most isolated bacteria.

Download Full-text

Impact of Sleep Disturbances on the Quality of Life Among Schizophrenic Out-patients of Jimma University Medical Center, Southwest Ethiopia: Hospital Based Cross-sectional Study

The Open Public Health Journal ◽

10.2174/1874944502013010684 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 684-691

Author(s):

Aman Dule ◽

Mustefa Mohammedhussein ◽

Mohammedamin Hajure

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Sleep Disturbances ◽

Medical Center ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Southwest Ethiopia ◽

Schizophrenic Patients ◽

Jimma University

Aim: Current study was aimed to assess the impacts of sleep disturbances on patient’s quality of life. Background: Schizophrenia is a syndrome, which affects sleep. Up to 80% of schizophrenic patients complain of sleep disturbances which affect the quality of life Objectives: To assess the association of sleep disturbances and quality of life and other contributing factors among schizophrenic patients on follow-up treatment at Jimma University Southwest Ethiopia. Methods: A cross-sectional study with a consecutive sampling of 411 out-patients at Jimma University medical center was employed from April 21-June 20, 2019. Sleep disturbances and the quality of life were assessed by Pittsburgh sleep quality index and WHOQOL-BREF, respectively. Epi data version 3.1 and SPSS version 23.0 software was used. Chi-square and independent samples t-test were used for association and P-value < 0.05 was considered for statistical significance. Results: Most participants had sleep disturbances and the mean score of positive scale on PANSS was higher for patients with sleep disturbances. About one-fourth of the patients had very good subjective sleep quality and > 85% of sleep efficiency was reported by 139 participants. More than half (51.1%) of the subjects had used sleep medication and the majority (64.7%) of them were reported daytime dysfunctions in the past month. The social domain (M±SD=3.92±2.51, t=8.46, p= <0.001, eta2=0.15) and overall WHOQOL (M±SD=57.60±16.87, t=9.24, p= < 0.001, eta2= 0.17) score had a large difference of means and about 15% and 17% of the variance in sleep disturbance have been explained. Conclusion: Generally, the finding of the current study was in agreement with most of the previous studies and sleep disturbances respectively moderate to significant effects on the patient’s quality of life.

Download Full-text

Prevalence and Predictors of Cognitive Impairment Among Hypertensive Patients on Follow Up at Jimma University Medical Center, Jimma, Southwest Ethiopia

e-Journal of Cardiovascular Medicine ◽

10.32596/ejcm.galenos.2019.05.031 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 117-125

Author(s):

Tesema Etefa Birhanu ◽

Mengistu Ayele Kassa ◽

Bekalu Getachew ◽

Diriba Dereje ◽

Asfaw Gerbi

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Medical Center ◽

Southwest Ethiopia ◽

Hypertensive Patients ◽

Jimma University

Download Full-text

Pregnancy outcome in patient who had first trimester bleeding in previous pregnancy: a prospective study

International Journal of Reproduction Contraception Obstetrics and Gynecology ◽

10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20201223 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 1559

Author(s):

Faswila M. ◽

Ramya N. R.

Keyword(s):

Pregnancy Outcome ◽

Preterm Delivery ◽

Spontaneous Abortion ◽

Adverse Pregnancy Outcome ◽

Placenta Previa ◽

Previous History ◽

Fetal Loss ◽

Previous Pregnancy ◽

Increased Risk ◽

History Of

Background: Patient who had history of spontaneous abortion in her previous pregnancy is associated with adverse outcome in her present pregnancy.Methods: A total 63 pregnant women attending OPD and admitted in department of obstetrics and gynecology, Yenepoya Medical College, from April 2017 to September 2017, considered and outcome were studied.Results: Out of 63 patient’s majority (57.1%) of patients belong to the age group 21-29 year. Anemia was found to be very severe in 4.3%, severe in 10% and moderate in 30% patients. Maximum patients (45.7%) were with history of previous one abortion followed by previous two abortions (38.6%). The final outcomes were term livebirth 47 (74.3%), abortion 9 (14.3%), preterm delivery 5 (8.6%), and stillbirth 2 (2.8%) caesarean section (23.3%) for various indications. 19.23% had term PROM, 9.09% had PPROM, 5.76% had term IUGR, 3.84% term IUD, preterm IUD accounts for 9.09% and still birth accounted for about 1.92% which was term, pre-eclampsia accounted for 4.76%, malpresentation for 7.93%, total 3 cases of antepartum hemorrhage out of which placenta previa accounts for about 3.1% and abruption for 1.58%, manual removal of placenta 4.7% and low birth weight 7.6%.Conclusions: Previous history of spontaneous abortion is associated with adverse pregnancy outcome. There is increased risk of abortion, preterm delivery, need for caesarean sections and fetal loss which can be reduced by booking and giving antenatal care.

Download Full-text