scholarly journals Magnitude of Biofilm Formation and Antimicrobial Resistance Pattern of Bacteria Isolated from Urinary Catheterized Inpatients of Jimma University Medical Center, Southwest Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Netsanet Awoke ◽  
Tesfaye Kassa ◽  
Lule Teshager
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Southwest Ethiopia ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Jimma University

Biofilm formation is one of the features of most bacteria. Catheterization in medicine is a source of highly resistant bacterial infections, and those bacteria respond poorly to antimicrobial therapy. Bacterial biofilm features were not described from catheterized inpatients in Ethiopia as its formation is known to afford antimicrobial resistance and challenge patient management. The aim of this study was to isolate catheter-associated urinary bacterial pathogens, their biofilm formation, and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern among inpatients of Jimma University Medical Center (JUMC) in Southwest Ethiopia. A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted among urinary catheterized inpatients of JUMC from February to August 2016. A total of 143 study participants were enrolled consecutively in this study. Urine samples were collected from catheterized patients and processed using a standard bacteriological protocol for isolation and identification. Evaluation ofin vitrobiofilm formation and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of uropathogenic bacteria was done using microtiter plates and disk diffusion method, respectively. Data were cleaned, coded, and entered into SPSS version 20 for analysis. All statistical test values ofp<0.05were considered statistically significant. From all study participants, mean age was 44 years. Sixty bacterial strains were recovered from 57 urinary catheterized inpatients among which 54 of them were monomicrobial (94.7%). The remaining six bacterial strains were recovered from three study participants each with two bacterial isolates. The predominant bacterial isolates were Gram-negative bacteria withE. coliturning out first. About 80% of bacterial isolates were biofilm formers. The majority of the bacteria were resistant to commonly prescribed antimicrobial agents. In conclusion, the majority of bacterial uropathogen isolates were Gram-negative, biofilm formers, and resistant to commonly prescribed antimicrobial agents. Relatively ciprofloxacin, nitrofurantoin, and amikacin were highly effective against most isolated bacteria.

In vitro biofilm formation and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of bacteria isolated from suspected external ocular infected patients attending Jimma University Medical Center eye clinic, southwest Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuma Diriba ◽  
Tesfaye Kassa ◽  
Yared Alemu ◽  
Sisay Bekele
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Ocular Infection ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Southwest Ethiopia ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Ocular Infections ◽  
Jimma University

Abstract Background: Ocular disease with its complications is a major public health problem which significantly impacts on quality of life in developing countries. An ocular infection due to microbial agents, can lead to reduced vision and blindness. This study was aimed to assess the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern and biofilm forming potential of bacteria isolated from suspected external ocular infected patients attending Jimma University Medical Center (JUMC). Method: A cross sectional facility based study was conducted on 319 suspect patients with external ocular infections from March 2017 to June 2017 at JUMC in Southwest Ethiopia. External ocular specimens were collected and standard operating procedures were followed to handle and culture throughout the study period. Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of the isolates was determined by disk diffusion method according to CLSI 2015. Microtiter (96 wells) plate method was used to screen biofilm formation by measuring optical density at 570nm. Result: Out of 319 study participants with external ocular infection, the prevalence of bacterial pathogens was 46.1%. The predominant bacterial isolates were Coagulase negative staphylococcus (CoNS) (27.7%) followed by Staphylococcus aureus (19.7%). Among Gram negatives, Pseudomonas aeroginosa (6.8%) was the leading isolate. Increased antimicrobial resistance was observed for tetracycline (64%), erthromycin (66.7%) and penicillin (77.1%). Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, ciprofloxacin and gentamicin were the most effective drugs for both Gram negative and Gram positive ranging from about 70 to 100% with the later two drugs for external ocular infections. Methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA) accounted for 13.8% of S. aureus isolates.. Multidrug resistance (MDR) accounted for 68.7%. The overall biofilm formation rate of bacterial ocular pathogens was 66.1%; with P. aeruginosa (40%), CoNS (34.1%) and S. aureus (31%) formed strong biofilm phenotype. Conclusion: The prevalence of bacterial isolates among external ocular infection was high. Almost all bacterial isolates were resistant to atleast one or more drugs. MDR pathogens were observed increasingly among biofilm formers or vice versa. Therefore, antimicrobial susceptibility testing should be practiced to guide treatment of external ocular cases and to control the emergence of drug resistant bacteria.

scholarly journals Detection of SHV and TEM-type Extended spectrum β-lactamase in bacterial isolates recovered from clinical samples of patients attending military hospitals in South-South Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 186
Author(s):  
Helen Oroboghae Ogefere ◽  
Samuel E. Iriah ◽  
Ephraim Ehidiamen Ibadin
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Military Hospitals ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Phenotypic Method ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Tests

Background<br />Multi-drug resistant bacterial strains have been increasingly implicated in clinical infections worldwide and beta-lactamase production is one of the commonest mechanisms of resistance in these strains. This study investigated the prevalence of extended spectrum â-lactamase (ESBL)-producing isolates and determined the temoneira (TEM) and sulfhydryl variable (SHV) types implicated in two military hospitals in South-South Nigeria. <br /><br />Methods<br />Three-hundred and eighty (380) consecutive non-duplicate bacterial isolates (Gram negative bacilli) recovered from clinical samples were identified following standard techniques. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests were performed for each isolate following the Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. Bacterial isolates recovered which comprised Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp, Proteus spp and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were screened for ESBL using a phenotypic method (double disc synergy test). All positive isolates were screened for TEM and SHV genes by PCR method. <br /><br />Results<br />Sixty-five isolates (17.1%) were ESBL producing using phenotypic method, E. coli showed the highest ESBL prevalence (24.3%). One isolate was SHV positive (1.5%), 8 (12.3%) were TEM positive while 3 (4.6%) isolates harbored both SHV and TEM genes. Fluoroquinolone - ofloxacin showed marked activity against ESBL-producing isolates (90.8%) while the least active were ceftriaxone (9.2%), ceftazidime (3.1%) and ampicillin (1.5%). <br /><br />Conclusion<br />This study demonstrated that 17.1% of Gram-negative bacilli were ESBL producers. Screening of clinical isolates for ESBL should be implemented. The findings of this study suggest the need for caution in the use of antimicrobial agents in order to curb the incidence of antimicrobial resistance.

scholarly journals Isolation and characterization of Listeria monocytogenes among women attending Jimma University medical center, Southwest Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lencho Girma ◽  
Alene Geteneh ◽  
Demisew Amenu ◽  
Tesfaye Kassa
Keyword(s):  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Preterm Delivery ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Fetal Loss ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Southwest Ethiopia ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
History Of ◽  
Jimma University

Abstract Background Listeria monocytogenes (LM) has come to be a major public health issue of at-risk groups, causing high morbidity and mortality. Despite this data, studies are very limited in developing countries like Ethiopia. Thus, we aimed to isolate and characterize LM in terms of antibiogram and biofilm formation among pregnant women with fever, women with a history of spontaneous abortion, women with a history of fetal loss, and women with preterm delivery at Jimma University Medical Center (JUMC), southwest Ethiopia. Methods A cross-sectional study was done among 144 women from June to August 2019. Isolates were tested for antibiotic susceptibility and biofilm formation using disc diffusion and microtiter plate method, respectively. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire, entered into Epidata 3.1 and logistic regression was done by SPSS v25.0. Results LM was isolated in 8 (5.56%) of 144 screened women. The isolation rate of LM was relatively higher among women with a history of fetal loss (9.7%), followed by women with preterm delivery (6.25%). One of the six cord blood was positive for LM, indicating that the transplacental transmission rate at JUMC was 16.7%. More than 2% of women with an ongoing pregnancy were found to have LM septicemia, which could hurt their fetus. All of the isolates tested were susceptible to Ampicillin. However, all of the isolates were resistant to Penicillin and Meropenem and were biofilm producers. Conclusions The high magnitude of pregnancy-related listeriosis in the current study setting appears that implementation of educational programs targeting risk reduction and more studies to identify sources of LM are warranted. The choice of antibiotics should be after susceptibility testing.

SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION AND BIOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF 3-FORMYL INDOLE BASED SCHIFF BASES

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Singh Gurvinder ◽  
Singh Prabhsimran ◽  
Dhawan R. K.
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Spectral Analysis ◽  
Schiff Bases ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Biological Evaluation ◽  
Fungal Strain ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
E Coli

In order to develop new antimicrobial agents, a series of 3-formyl indole based Schiff bases were synthesized by reacting 3-formyl indole(indole-3-carboxaldehyde) with substituted aniline taking ethanol as solvent. The reaction was carried in the presence of small amount of p-toluene sulphonic acid as catalyst.All the synthesized compounds were characterized by IR, 1H-NMR spectral analysis. All the synthesized compounds were evaluated for antimicrobial activity against two gram positive bacterial strains (B. subtilisand S. aureus) and two gram negative bacterial strains (P. aeruginosaand E. coli) and one fungal strain (C. albicans). All the synthesized compounds were found to have moderate to good antimicrobial activity. The  standard drug amoxicillin, fluconazole were used for antimicrobial activity. Among the synthesized compounds, the maximum antimicrobial activity was shown by compounds GS04, GS07, GS08 and GS10.

STUDIES ON SOME BACTERIAL DISEASES IN OREOCHROMIS NILOTICUS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCES TO TREATMENT

2018 ◽  
pp. 39-47
Author(s):  
Viola Zaki ◽  
Ahmed EL-gamal ◽  
Yasmin Reyad
Keyword(s):  
Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Klebsiella Oxytoca ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Hydropic Degeneration ◽  
Total Prevalence

he present research carried out to study the common bacterial infections in Oreochromis niloticus (Nile tilapia) in Manzala area at Dakahlia governorate and possible antimicrobial agents used for treatment. A total number of 400 fish were randomly collected from Manzala private farms at Dakahlia governorate and subjected to the clinical, bacteriological and histopathological examination. The highest prevalence of bacterial isolates during the whole period of examination of naturally infected O.niloticus was recorded for A.hydrophila (22.66%), followed by V.alginolyticus (19.01%), V.parahemolyticus (13.80%), Streptococcus spp. (12.24%), A.caviae (11.72%), V.cholera (10.16%), A.salmonicida (7.55%), while the lowest prevalence was recorded for Klebsiella oxytoca (2.86%). The seasonal highest total prevalence of bacterial isolates from examined naturally infected O. niloticus was recorded in spring (30.21%), followed by autumn (28.39%), then summer (22.40%) and the lowest prevalence was recorded in winter (19.01%). Histopathological findings of the tissue samples which collected from different organs of naturally infected O.niloticus revealed that spleen show marked hemosiderosis and sever hemorrhage, gills showsever congestion of lamellar capillaries with marked aneurysm, necrosis and hemorrhage of lamellar epithelium and liver show sever hydropic degeneration and necrosis of hepatocytes, Ciprofloxacin was the most effective antibiotic against all isolated bacterial strains

scholarly journals Microwave Assisted Synthesis and Antimicrobial Evaluation of Schiff Bases of Indole-3-aldehyde

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 305-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priyanka Kamaria ◽  
N. Kawathekar ◽  
Prerna Chaturvedi
Keyword(s):  
Schiff Bases ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Microwave Assisted Synthesis ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Mass Spectral Analysis ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Mass Spectral ◽  
Microwave Assisted ◽  
Antimicrobial Evaluation

In order to develop new antimicrobial agents, a series of Schiff bases of indole-3-aldehyde were synthesized by microwave assisted synthesis by takingDMFas solvent and evaluated for their antimicrobial activity. All the synthesized compounds were characterized byIR,1HNMRand mass spectral analysis. All compounds were tested against five gram positive and five gram negative bacterial strains and one fungal strain. All compounds exhibited better activity against gram positive strains than against gram negative strains and the compounds were found more active againstS.aureusandB.subtilis.

scholarly journals Impact of Sleep Disturbances on the Quality of Life Among Schizophrenic Out-patients of Jimma University Medical Center, Southwest Ethiopia: Hospital Based Cross-sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 684-691
Author(s):  
Aman Dule ◽  
Mustefa Mohammedhussein ◽  
Mohammedamin Hajure
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Southwest Ethiopia ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Jimma University

Aim: Current study was aimed to assess the impacts of sleep disturbances on patient’s quality of life. Background: Schizophrenia is a syndrome, which affects sleep. Up to 80% of schizophrenic patients complain of sleep disturbances which affect the quality of life Objectives: To assess the association of sleep disturbances and quality of life and other contributing factors among schizophrenic patients on follow-up treatment at Jimma University Southwest Ethiopia. Methods: A cross-sectional study with a consecutive sampling of 411 out-patients at Jimma University medical center was employed from April 21-June 20, 2019. Sleep disturbances and the quality of life were assessed by Pittsburgh sleep quality index and WHOQOL-BREF, respectively. Epi data version 3.1 and SPSS version 23.0 software was used. Chi-square and independent samples t-test were used for association and P-value < 0.05 was considered for statistical significance. Results: Most participants had sleep disturbances and the mean score of positive scale on PANSS was higher for patients with sleep disturbances. About one-fourth of the patients had very good subjective sleep quality and > 85% of sleep efficiency was reported by 139 participants. More than half (51.1%) of the subjects had used sleep medication and the majority (64.7%) of them were reported daytime dysfunctions in the past month. The social domain (M±SD=3.92±2.51, t=8.46, p= <0.001, eta2=0.15) and overall WHOQOL (M±SD=57.60±16.87, t=9.24, p= < 0.001, eta2= 0.17) score had a large difference of means and about 15% and 17% of the variance in sleep disturbance have been explained. Conclusion: Generally, the finding of the current study was in agreement with most of the previous studies and sleep disturbances respectively moderate to significant effects on the patient’s quality of life.

scholarly journals Investigating In Vitro Antibacterial Activities of Medicinal Plants Having Folkloric Repute in Ethiopian Traditional Medicine

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 2515690X1988627 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mekonnen Sisay ◽  
Negussie Bussa ◽  
Tigist Gashaw ◽  
Getnet Mengistu
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Traditional Use ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Slow Development

Medicinal plants are targeted in the search for new antimicrobial agents. Nowadays, there is an alarmingly increasing antimicrobial resistance to available agents with a very slow development of new antimicrobials. It is, therefore, necessary to extensively search for new agents based on the traditional use of herbal medicines as potential source. The antibacterial activity of 80% methanol extracts of the leaves of Verbena officinalis (Vo-80ME), Myrtus communis (Mc-80ME), and Melilotus elegans (Me-80ME) was tested against 6 bacterial isolates using agar well diffusion technique. In each extract, 3 concentrations of 10, 20, and 40 mg/well were tested for each bacterium. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were also determined. Vo-80ME and Mc-80ME exhibited promising antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus with the highest zone of inhibition being 18.67 and 26.16 mm, respectively at concentration of 40 mg/well. Regarding gram-negative bacteria, Vo-80ME exhibited an appreciable activity against Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi. Mc-80ME displayed remarkable activity against all isolates including Pseudomonas aeruginosa with the maximum zone of inhibition being 22.83 mm. Me-80ME exhibited better antibacterial activity against E coli, but its secondary metabolites had little or no activity against other gram-negative isolates. The MIC values of Vo-80ME ranged from 0.16 to 4.00 mg/mL. The lowest MIC was observed in Mc-80ME, with the value being 0.032 mg/mL. Mc-80ME had bactericidal activity against all tested bacterial isolates. Mc-80ME showed remarkable zone of inhibitions in all tested bacterial isolates. Besides, Vo-80ME showed good antibacterial activity against S aureus, E coli, and S typhi. Conversely, Me-80ME has shown good activity against E coli only. Generally, M communis L and V officinalis have good MIC and MBC results.

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