scholarly journals Myocardial inflammation and energetics by cardiac MRI: a review of emerging techniques

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vasiliki Tsampasian ◽  
Andrew J. Swift ◽  
Hosamadin Assadi ◽  
Amrit Chowdhary ◽  
Peter Swoboda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Transplant Rejection ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Myocardial Inflammation ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Cardiac Transplant ◽  
Macrophage Activity ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Huge Impact

AbstractThe role of inflammation in cardiovascular pathophysiology has gained a lot of research interest in recent years. Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance has been a powerful tool in the non-invasive assessment of inflammation in several conditions. More recently, Ultrasmall superparamagnetic particles of iron oxide have been successfully used to evaluate macrophage activity and subsequently inflammation on a cellular level. Current evidence from research studies provides encouraging data and confirms that this evolving method can potentially have a huge impact on clinical practice as it can be used in the diagnosis and management of very common conditions such as coronary artery disease, ischaemic and non-ischaemic cardiomyopathy, myocarditis and atherosclerosis. Another important emerging concept is that of myocardial energetics. With the use of phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy, myocardial energetic compromise has been proved to be an important feature in the pathophysiological process of several conditions including diabetic cardiomyopathy, inherited cardiomyopathies, valvular heart disease and cardiac transplant rejection. This unique tool is therefore being utilized to assess metabolic alterations in a wide range of cardiovascular diseases. This review systematically examines these state-of-the-art methods in detail and provides an insight into the mechanisms of action and the clinical implications of their use.

scholarly journals INSPECTOR: free software for magnetic resonance spectroscopy data inspection, processing, simulation and analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Gajdošík ◽  
Karl Landheer ◽  
Kelley M. Swanberg ◽  
Christoph Juchem
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Quality Management ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Data Processing ◽  
Biomedical Research ◽  
Clinical Diagnostics ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
User Friendliness ◽  
Wide Range

AbstractIn vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is a powerful tool for biomedical research and clinical diagnostics, allowing for non-invasive measurement and analysis of small molecules from living tissues. However, currently available MRS processing and analytical software tools are limited in their potential for in-depth quality management, access to details of the processing stream, and user friendliness. Moreover, available MRS software focuses on selected aspects of MRS such as simulation, signal processing or analysis, necessitating the use of multiple packages and interfacing among them for biomedical applications. The freeware INSPECTOR comprises enhanced MRS data processing, simulation and analytical capabilities in a one-stop-shop solution for a wide range of biomedical research and diagnostic applications. Extensive data handling, quality management and visualization options are built in, enabling the assessment of every step of the processing chain with maximum transparency. The parameters of the processing can be flexibly chosen and tailored for the specific research problem, and extended confidence information is provided with the analysis. The INSPECTOR software stands out in its user-friendly workflow and potential for automation. In addition to convenience, the functionalities of INSPECTOR ensure rigorous and consistent data processing throughout multi-experiment and multi-center studies.

Neuroimaging for the Clinician

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua P Klein
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
Vascular Pathology ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Spinal Imaging

Modern neuroimaging has revolutionized the practice of neurology by allowing visualization and monitoring of evolving pathophysiologic processes. High-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can now resolve structural abnormalities on a near-cellular level. Advances in functional imaging can assess the in vivo metabolic, vascular, and functional states of neuronal and glial populations in real time. Given the high density of data obtained from neuroimaging studies, it is essential for the clinician to take an active role in understanding the nature and significance of imaging abnormalities. This chapter reviews computed tomography and MRI techniques (including angiography and advanced sequences), specialized protocols for investigating specific diagnoses, risks associated with imaging, disease-specific imaging findings with general strategies for interpretation, and incidental findings and artifacts. Figures include computed tomography, T1- and T2-weighted signal intensity, diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging, magnetic resonance spectroscopy, imaging in epilepsy and dementia, extra-axial versus intra-axial lesions, typical lesions of multiple sclerosis, spinal imaging, spinal pathology, vascular pathology, intracranial hemorrhage, and common imaging artifacts. Tables list Hounsfield units, patterns of enhancement from imaging, advanced techniques in imaging, magnetic resonance imaging sequences, and the evolution of cerebral infarction and intraparenchymal hemorrhage on magnetic resonance imaging. This review contains 12 figures, 6 tables, and 213 references.

scholarly journals Cardiac magnetic resonance T2 mapping for monitoring acute cardiac transplant rejection

2011 ◽  
Vol 13 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Asad A Usman ◽  
Kirsi Taimen ◽  
Marie Wasielewski ◽  
Saurabh Shah ◽  
Jermey D Collins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
T2 Mapping ◽  
Transplant Rejection ◽  
Cardiac Transplant

Imaging Abnormalities in Sporadic Hemiplegic Migraine on Conventional MRI, Diffusion and Perfusion MRI and MRS

Cephalalgia ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 1004-1009 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Jacob ◽  
K Mahavish ◽  
A Bowden ◽  
ETS Smith ◽  
P Enevoldson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Familial Hemiplegic Migraine ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Hemiplegic Migraine ◽  
Conventional Mri ◽  
Migrainous Infarction ◽  
Vascular Origin ◽  
Diagnostic Confusion

Prolonged hemiparetic migraine aura can cause diagnostic confusion and be mistaken for ischaemic stroke occurring during the course of a migraine—‘migrainous infarction’. We report a case of prolonged hemiparesis occurring during the course of a migraine attack. Though initially confused with migrainous infarction, we suggest with sequential magnetic resonance imaging, magnetic resonance angiography, diffusion, perfusion images and magnetic resonance spectroscopy that the hemiplegia was not of vascular origin and that the patient had sporadic hemiplegic migraine. We hypothesize that the mechanisms of sporadic hemiplegic migraine probably lie at a cellular level, similiar to familial hemiplegic migraine.

The system ABXYM in nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Analysis of 3,4-dehydroprolinamide spectra by ABXYM and ABCDE methods

1969 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 725 ◽  
Author(s):  
TJ Batterham ◽  
NV Riggs ◽  
AV Robertson ◽  
WRJ Simpson
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Deuterium Oxide ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Coupling Constant ◽  
Spectroscopy Analysis ◽  
Satisfactory Explanation ◽  
Iterative Computation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Spectral Patterns

The wide range of deceptive simplicities observed in spectra of 3,4- dehydro-prolinamide in different solvents makes analysis extremely difficult. The power of an approach using ABXYM tables combined with iterative computation is demonstrated to obtain accurate parameters for spectra of saturated solutions in deutero-chloroform and deuterium oxide. A detailed study of the effects of small changes in parameters on the observed spectral patterns provides a satisfactory explanation for each case of deceptive simplicity and, in particular, gives reasons for the added simplicity of spectra measured at 100 Mc/s. A trans- homoallylic coupling constant (J2,5) of 5.8 c/s was observed and a synergistic four-bond coupling through the heteroatom is suggested to explain its magnitude. The stereochemistry of pyrrolines and similar heterocycles is discussed in the light of this large trans-coupling.

scholarly journals Characterization of Carbonic Anhydrase In Vivo Using Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 2442
Author(s):  
Jyoti Singh Tomar ◽  
Jun Shen
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Carbonic Anhydrase ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Carbonic Anhydrases ◽  
Magnetization Saturation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
In Vivo Characterization

Carbonic anhydrase is a ubiquitous metalloenzyme that catalyzes the reversible interconversion of CO2/HCO3−. Equilibrium of these species is maintained by the action of carbonic anhydrase. Recent advances in magnetic resonance spectroscopy have allowed, for the first time, in vivo characterization of carbonic anhydrase in the human brain. In this article, we review the theories and techniques of in vivo 13C magnetization (saturation) transfer magnetic resonance spectroscopy as they are applied to measuring the rate of exchange between CO2 and HCO3− catalyzed by carbonic anhydrase. Inhibitors of carbonic anhydrase have a wide range of therapeutic applications. Role of carbonic anhydrases and their inhibitors in many diseases are also reviewed to illustrate future applications of in vivo carbonic anhydrase assessment by magnetic resonance spectroscopy.

Neuroimaging for the Clinician

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua P Klein
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
Vascular Pathology ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Spinal Imaging

Modern neuroimaging has revolutionized the practice of neurology by allowing visualization and monitoring of evolving pathophysiologic processes. High-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can now resolve structural abnormalities on a near-cellular level. Advances in functional imaging can assess the in vivo metabolic, vascular, and functional states of neuronal and glial populations in real time. Given the high density of data obtained from neuroimaging studies, it is essential for the clinician to take an active role in understanding the nature and significance of imaging abnormalities. This chapter reviews computed tomography and MRI techniques (including angiography and advanced sequences), specialized protocols for investigating specific diagnoses, risks associated with imaging, disease-specific imaging findings with general strategies for interpretation, and incidental findings and artifacts. Figures include computed tomography, T1- and T2-weighted signal intensity, diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging, magnetic resonance spectroscopy, imaging in epilepsy and dementia, extra-axial versus intra-axial lesions, typical lesions of multiple sclerosis, spinal imaging, spinal pathology, vascular pathology, intracranial hemorrhage, and common imaging artifacts. Tables list Hounsfield units, patterns of enhancement from imaging, advanced techniques in imaging, magnetic resonance imaging sequences, and the evolution of cerebral infarction and intraparenchymal hemorrhage on magnetic resonance imaging. This chapter contains 213 references.

A Web-accessible distributed data warehouse for brain tumour diagnosis

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 329-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesc Estanyol ◽  
Xavier Rafael ◽  
Roman Roset ◽  
Miguel Lurgi ◽  
Mariola Mier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Brain Tumour ◽  
Query Language ◽  
Biological Data ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Tumour Diagnosis ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
Brain Tumour Diagnosis

AbstractCurrently, biological databases (DBs) are a common tool to complement the research of a wide range of biomedical disciplines, but there are only a few specialized medical DBs for human brain tumour magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) data; they typically store a limited range of biological data (i.e. clinical information, magnetic resonance imaging and MRS data) and are not offered as open-source Structured Query Language relational DB schemas. We present a novel approach to biological DBs: a distributed Web-accessible DB for storing and managing clinical and biomedical data related to brain tumours from different clinical centres. This tool is designed for multi-platform systems with dissimilar DB management systems. Being the main data repository of the HealthAgents (HA) project, it uses multi-agent technology and allows the centres to share data and obtain diagnosis classifications from other centres distributed around the world in a reliable way.The HA project aims to create an agent-based distributed decision support system (DSS) to assist doctors to provide a brain tumour diagnosis and prognosis. The HA DB enables the DSS to totally integrate with its Graphical User Interface to perform classifications with the stored data and visualize the results using the HA distributed agents framework. This new feature converts the system presented in the first application in the world to combine a storage and management tool for brain tumour data and a complete Web-based DSS to obtain automatic diagnosis.

Nuclear magnetic resonance studies of the solution chemistry of metal complexes. XVII. Formation constants for the complexation of methylmercury by sulfhydryl-containing amino acids and related molecules

1981 ◽  
Vol 59 (10) ◽  
pp. 1505-1514 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Stephen Reid ◽  
Dallas L. Rabenstein
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Formation Constants ◽  
Solution Chemistry ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mercaptoacetic Acid ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Mercaptosuccinic Acid ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Nuclear Magnetic

Complexation of methylmercury, CH3Hg(II), by mercaptoacetic acid, mercaptoethanol, mercaptosuccinic acid, cysteine, penicillamine, homocysteine, and N-acetylpenicillamine has been studied by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The equilibrium constant for displacement of mercaptoacetic acid from its CH3Hg(II) complex by each of the other thiols was measured over a wide range of pH. From the displacement constants and a literature value for the formation constant of the mercaptoethanol complex of CH3Hg(II), formation constants were calculated for thiol complexes with the other ligands, including microscopic formation constants for cysteine and penicillamine complexes in which the amino groups are protonated and deprotonated. Detailed information on the acid–base chemistry of the free amino and carboxylic acid groups in the complexes is also reported. The formation constants increase as the Brønsted basicity of the deprotonated sulfhydryl group increases according to the relation log Kf = pK + 6.86. The conditional formation constants of the CH3Hg(II) complexes are strongly pH dependent due to competitive reactions involving hydrogen and hydroxide ions at low and high pH. The results at physiological pH are discussed with reference to the effectiveness of mercaptosuccinic acid, N-acetylpenicillamine, and penicillamine as antidotes for methylmercury poisoning.

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