scholarly journals Socio-demographic characteristics and outcomes of pregnant women who delivered prior to and after the termination of the one-child policy in China: a comparative study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaohui Zhang ◽  
Haifeng Lou ◽  
Xuejuan Tang ◽  
Xiaoli Chen
Keyword(s):  
Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Pregnancy Complications ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Annual Number ◽  
Delivery Mode ◽  
Public Attention ◽  
One Child Policy ◽  
Child Policy ◽  
Fertility Policy ◽  
Childbearing Women

Abstract Background The new Chinese fertility policy has recently received widespread public attention. However, there are few studies available on the comprehensive epidemiology of maternal and infant health with respect to the characteristic changes of childbearing women. In the study, we compared the maternal characteristics and pregnancy outcomes at different time points according to policy adjustments, accessed the possible relationship among these factors, and evaluated the impacts of these policies for medical and policy assistance. Methods This was a retrospective study. Data were collected from three representative hospitals in Zhejiang Province using stratified random sampling. The annual number of births, and maternal and child healthcare levels were the determining factors of sampling. Women who gave birth in November of 2012, 2014, and 2016 were recruited in accordance with the time of the change in the fertility policy, and we explored the differences in maternal socio-demographic characteristics, delivery mode and pregnancy outcomes. Results A total of 11,718 women were recruited, including 3480, 4044, and 4194 in November of 2012, 2014, and 2016, respectively. The proportions of multiparous women, women who aged ≥35 years, who received higher education, who had previous cesarean sections (CS), and who delivered in a high level hospital increased over time. In 2016, multipara accounted for 49.12, 14.47% were aged ≥35 years, nearly half of women had previous CS and delivered in a provincial hospital, 41.73% gave birth by CS, and 31.62% suffered pregnancy complications. The results of multiple logistic regression mode showed CS risk decreased significantly in 2014 (ORadj = 0.62; 95% CI, 0.55–0.67) relative to 2012, and risks of pregnancy complications (ORadj = 2.30; 95% CI, 1.86–2.83) and multiple births (ORadj = 3.25; 95% CI, 2.19–4.83) only increased in 2016 compared to 2012. Conclusions Some pregnancy outcomes increased as several key characteristics of childbearing women changed after China ended its “one-child” policy. This suggests that policy providers and medical staff need to strengthen healthcare in a consistent fashion regarding changes in birth policy.

scholarly journals Socio-Demographic Characteristics and Outcomes of Pregnant Women Who Delivered Before and After Ending the One-Child Policy in China: A Comparative Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaohui Zhang ◽  
Haifeng Lou ◽  
Xuejuan Tang ◽  
Xiaoli Chen
Keyword(s):  
Vaginal Delivery ◽  
Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Pregnancy Complications ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Zhejiang Province ◽  
One Child Policy ◽  
Child Policy ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The One ◽  
Childbearing Women

Abstract Background: Recently, Chinese new fertility policy has received widespread public attention. However, there are limited studies on the comprehensive epidemiology of maternal and infant health with respect to the characteristic changes of childbearing women. In this study, we compared the changes in socio-demographic characteristics and pregnancy outcomes of childbearing women before and after ending the one-child policy in Zhejiang province of China.Methods: This was a multicenter and cross-sectional study. Data were from three representative hospitals in Zhejiang province by stratified random sampling. Women who gave birth in November 2012-2014-2016 were recruited, according to the time of the change in fertility policy. We explored the differences in maternal sociodemographic characteristics and pregnancy outcomes.Results: Totally, 11,718 women were recruited, including 3480-4044-4194 in November 2012-2014-2016 respectively. Results showed the proportion of women with advanced age, relative higher education, higher number of gravidity and parity, previous cesarean section and births in a provincial hospital increased over time. Of multipara, they were more likely to be over ≥ 35 years old, to give birth vaginally and to have pregnancy complications and multiple birth, particularly in 2016 than in 2012. Of those primipara, the proportion of women with advanced age remained stable during periods. Further, both the percentage of vaginal delivery and instrumental vaginal delivery were higher in 2014 and 2016 than in 2012. The same period, the proportions of pregnancy complications, and multiple births significantly rose, but stillbirth and birth decreased in 2014 than in 2012 among women who never delivered.Conclusions: Some adverse pregnancy outcomes increased as some key characteristics of childbearing women changed after ending the one-child policy. It suggested that policy provider and medical staff to strengthen consistent healthcare regarding to changes in birth policy.

scholarly journals Dietary Patterns Prior to Pregnancy and Associations with Pregnancy Complications

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 914 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan Jarman ◽  
Nonsikelelo Mathe ◽  
Fatemeh Ramazani ◽  
Mohammadreza Pakseresht ◽  
Paula Robson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Pregnancy Complications ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Gestational Hypertension ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Food Frequency ◽  
Gestational Weight ◽  
Important Target ◽  
Components Analysis

Few studies have explored pre-pregnancy diet and its relationship with pregnancy outcomes. The objectives of this study were to: (1) derive pre-pregnancy dietary patterns for women enrolled in a prospective cohort in the province of Alberta, Canada; (2) describe associations between dietary patterns and socio-demographic characteristics; and (3) describe associations between dietary patterns and pregnancy complications. Upon enrolment into the Alberta Pregnancy Outcomes and Nutrition (APrON) study (median age of gestation, 17 weeks), women (n = 1545) completed a validated 142-item food frequency questionnaire recording food and beverages consumed “in the 12 months prior to pregnancy”. Other assessments included pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI), gestational weight gain, gestational hypertension, gestational diabetes, and socio-demographic characteristics. Dietary patterns were derived using principal components analysis. Scores were calculated to represent adherence with each dietary pattern retained. Four dietary patterns were retained, accounting for 22.9% of the variation in the overall diet. Dietary patterns were named the “healthy”, “meat and refined carbohydrate”, “beans, cheese and salad” or “tea and coffee” patterns. Higher “healthy” pattern scores prior to pregnancy were associated with lower odds of developing gestational hypertension during pregnancy (adjusted Odds Ratio (OR): 0.6, 95% Confidence Intervals (CI): 0.4, 0.9). Diet prior to pregnancy is an important target for interventions and may reduce the likelihood of developing complications such as gestational hypertension during pregnancy.

China's infamous one-child policy

The Lancet ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 365 (9455) ◽  
pp. 215-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
M KING
Keyword(s):  
One Child Policy ◽  
Child Policy

scholarly journals Preconceptional Resveratrol Supplementation Partially Counteracts Age-Related Reproductive Complications in C57BL/6J Female Mice

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 1934
Author(s):  
Marta Ziętek ◽  
Katarzyna Barłowska ◽  
Barbara Wijas ◽  
Ewa Szablisty ◽  
Atanas G. Atanasov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Mating Success ◽  
Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Pregnancy Complications ◽  
Polyphenolic Compound ◽  
Female Mice ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Anti Oxidant

Aging is associated with a drastic decline in fertility/fecundity and with an increased risk of pregnancy complications. Resveratrol (RES), a natural polyphenolic compound, has shown anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities in both human and animal models, thus representing a potential therapeutic and prophylactic anti-aging supplement. Here, we investigated whether preconceptional resveratrol supplementation improved reproductive outcomes in mid-aged (8-month-old) and old (12-month-old) C57BL/6J female mice. Female siblings were cohoused and assigned to either RES or vehicle supplementation to drinking water for 10 consecutive weeks. Subsequently, females were mated with non-supplemented males and their pregnancy outcomes were monitored. RES improved mating success in old, but not in mid-aged females, and prevented the occurrence of delivery complications in the latter. These results indicate that preconceptional RES supplementation could partially improve age-related reproductive complications, but it was not sufficient to restore fecundity in female mice at a very advanced age.

scholarly journals Frog Metaphors in Mo Yan’s Novel 蛙 /UA55/ (Frog): A Cognitive Perspective

MANUSYA ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 122-153
Author(s):  
Yao Siqi
Keyword(s):  
The Novel ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Mo Yan ◽  
Cognitive Approach ◽  
One Child Policy ◽  
Child Policy ◽  
Past Half Century ◽  
Metaphor Theory ◽  
George Lakoff ◽  
Chinese Author

《蛙》/ua55/ (frog) by the Nobel Prize winning Chinese author Mo Yan describes China’s changing its highly controversial one - child policy and system of forced abortions over the past half-century. Frog metaphors are omnipresent throughout the novel. The present study aims to investigate these metaphors within the framework of George Lakoff and Mark Johnson’s (1980) Conceptual Metaphor Theory (CMT) and the “GREAT CHAIN OF BEING” system of George Lakoff and Mark Turner (1989) to deepen our understanding of their nature and manifestations. Zoltán Kövecses’s (2002) “HUMAN BEINGS ARE ANIMALS” and “ANIMALS ARE HUMAN BEINGS” were also considered as cognitive metaphorical models. Moreover, the viewpoint of “phonetic metaphor” initially proposed by Ivan Fónagy (1999) was also taken into account. Results were that in Mo Yan’s work, the frog plays an essential role in the conceptualizing conventional views of certain areas in China. The analysis demonstrates how a cognitive approach offers an effective way to explore the cognitive basis of the text’s view on the complex relationship between the basic human rights and the dilemmas of living in a repressive society. This paper also hopes to make a certain contribution to comprehending frog metaphors in terms of more clearly delineated concepts and ideology reflecting China’s real society of a one-child policy and its traditional counter - policy notion.

China's three-children policy will see limited success

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Family Planning ◽  
Social Control ◽  
Ageing Population ◽  
Content Type ◽  
One Child Policy ◽  
Limited Success ◽  
Child Policy ◽  
Vested Interests ◽  
The One

Significance This year it increased the limit to three. The one-child policy has served more to exacerbate than to alleviate demographic problems, leaving China with an ageing population and shrinking workforce much sooner than other countries at this stage of economic development. Impacts Rising infertility will play a part in depressing birth rates. Vested interests and the government's proclivity for social control will prevent the wholesale abolition of family planning. National and local authorities will introduce policies to promote reproduction; not all of them will necessarily be socially liberal.

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