scholarly journals Adaptation of the INTERGROWTH-21st neurodevelopment assessment (INTER-NDA) to the context of the English-speaking Caribbean

2022 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Randall Waechter ◽  
Roberta Evans ◽  
Sean Hanna ◽  
Toni Murray ◽  
Cassandra Mobley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Child Development ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Cultural Standards ◽  
Specific Factors ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Test Retest Reliability ◽  
Language Content

Abstract Background Adaptation of standardized early child development (ECD) assessments to low- and middle-income countries can be challenging because of culture-specific factors relating to language, content, context, and tool administration, and because the reliance of these tests on specialist healthcare professionals limits their scalability in low resource settings. Methods We report the cross-cultural adaptation of an international, standardized ECD instrument, the INTERGROWTH-21st Project Neurodevelopment Assessment (INTER-NDA), measuring cognitive, language, motor and behavioural outcomes in 2-year-olds, from a UK-based English-speaking population to the English-speaking Caribbean. Children aged 22-30 months were recruited from a pre-existing randomized controlled neurodevelopment intervention study in Grenada, West Indies. Results Eight of 37 INTER-NDA items (22%) were culturally and linguistically adapted for implementation in the Caribbean context. Protocol adherence across seven newly-trained non-specialist child development assessors was 89.9%; six of the seven assessors scored ≥80%. Agreement between the expert assessor and the non-specialist child development assessors was substantial (κ = 0.89 to 1.00 (95% CI [0.58, 1.00]). The inter-rater and test-retest reliability for non-specialist child development assessors was between κ = 0.99 -1.00 (95% CI [0.98, 0.99]) and κ = 0.76 - 1.00 (95% CI [0.33, 1.00]) across all INTER-NDA domains. Conclusions The current study provides evidence to support the use of the adapted INTER-NDA by trained, non-specialist assessors to measure ECD prevalence in the English-speaking Caribbean. It also provides a methodological template for the adaptation of child developmental measures to cultural and linguistic contexts that conform to the cultural standards of the countries in which they are utilized to aid in the measurement of neurodevelopmental impairments (NDIs) in a variety of global clinical settings.

scholarly journals Adaptation of the INTERGROWTH-21st Neurodevelopment Assessment (INTER-NDA) to the Context of the English-speaking Caribbean

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randall Waechter ◽  
Roberta Evans ◽  
Sean Hanna ◽  
Toni Murray ◽  
Cassandra Mobley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Child Development ◽  
Intervention Study ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Specific Factors ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Test Retest Reliability ◽  
Language Content

Abstract Adaptation of standardized early child development (ECD) assessments to low- and middle-income countries can be challenging because of culture specific factors relating to language, content, context, and tool administration, and because the reliance of these tests on specialist healthcare professionals limits their scalability in low resource settings. We report the cross-cultural adaptation of an international, standardized ECD instrument, the INTERGROWTH-21st Project Neurodevelopment Assessment (INTER-NDA), measuring cognitive, language, motor and behavioural outcomes in 2-year-olds, from a UK-based English-speaking population to the English-speaking Caribbean. Children aged 20–30 months were recruited from a pre-existing randomized controlled neurodevelopment intervention study in Grenada, West Indies. Eight of 37 INTER-NDA items (22%) were culturally and linguistically adapted for implementation in the Caribbean context. Protocol adherence across seven newly-trained non-specialist child development assessors was 89.9%; six of the seven assessors scored ≥ 80%. Agreement between the expert assessor and the non-specialist child development assessors was substantial (κ = 0.89 to 1.00 (95% CI [0.58, 1.00]). The inter-rater and test-retest reliability for non-specialist child development assessors was between κ = 0.99 -1.00 (95% CI [0.98, 0.99]) and κ = 0.76–1.00 (95% CI [0.33, 1.00]) across all INTER-NDA domains.

Child Development in Low- and Middle-Income Countries

PEDIATRICS ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. e2021053180
Author(s):  
Marc H. Bornstein ◽  
W. Andrew Rothenberg ◽  
Jennifer E. Lansford ◽  
Robert H. Bradley ◽  
Kirby Deater-Deckard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Child Development ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Low And Middle Income

scholarly journals Supporting Child Development Through Parenting Interventions in Low- to Middle-Income Countries: An Updated Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linlin Zhang ◽  
Derrick Ssewanyana ◽  
Marie-Claude Martin ◽  
Stephen Lye ◽  
Greg Moran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Child Development ◽  
Learning Opportunities ◽  
Population Characteristics ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Parenting Interventions ◽  
Social Emotional ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Developmental Potential ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Background: Over 250 million children in low- and middle-income countries are at risk of not achieving their fullest developmental potential due to co-occurring risks such as poor nutrition and inadequate learning opportunities. Early intervention programs integrating the aspects of nurturing care, that is, good health, adequate nutrition, safety and security, responsive caregiving, and learning opportunities, may ameliorate against the negative impact of these adverse conditions.Methods: This meta-analytic review updates the evidence base of parenting interventions comprising stimulation and responsive caregiving components on developmental outcomes for children under age 2 years in low- and middle-income countries. It also describes and assesses the moderation effects of population characteristics and implementation features on the intervention effectiveness. Studies were identified based on previous systematic reviews and an updated literature search in eight databases and the gray literature up to December 2020. A random-effect model was used to explore the pooled effect sizes accounted for by the intervention for developmental outcome of cognition, language, motor, and social-emotional capacities. Exploratory moderation analyses were also conducted.Results: Twenty-one randomized controlled trials representing over 10,400 children from 12 low- and middle-income countries and regions across three continents (Africa, Latin America, and Asia) were identified. The interventions showed overall small-to-moderate effects on children's cognitive development (ES = 0.44; 95% CI = [0.30, 0.57]); language development (ES = 0.33; 95% CI = [0.18, 0.49]); and motor skills (ES = 0.21; 95% CI = [0.10, 0.32]). The overall effect on social-emotional development was non-significant (ES = 0.17; 95% CI = [−0.01, 0.34]). Effect sizes (ES) varied significantly across the studies. Parenting programs that targeted vulnerable groups, including rural communities and caregivers with lower education levels, had more significant effects on children's development. Group sessions (vs. individual visits) and high program dose (≥12 sessions) were also associated with stronger effects on child development. Further research is needed to determine the effectiveness of the workforce and training on programmatic outcomes.Conclusion: The findings indicate that parenting interventions that encourage nurturing care are effective in improving the early development of children, especially among vulnerable populations. We discuss opportunities to strengthen the implementation of research-based parenting interventions in such contexts.

scholarly journals Partnership models for the establishment of sustainable paediatric cardiac surgical and cardiac intensive care programmes in low- and middle-income countries

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (S6) ◽  
pp. S55-S60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Bastero ◽  
Sandra L. Staveski ◽  
Bistra Zheleva ◽  
Emma Scanlan ◽  
Antonio G. Cabrera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
Control Systems ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
International Projects ◽  
Cardiac Intensive Care ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Partnership Models ◽  
Low And Middle Income

AbstractThe care of patients with CHD remains a challenge in low- and middle-income countries. Their health systems have not been able to achieve consistently high performance in this field. The large volume of patients, manpower constraints, inconsistencies in the level and type of background training of the teams caring for this patient population, and the inadequate quality control systems are some of the barriers to achieving excellence of care. We describe three different international projects supporting the paediatric cardiac surgical and paediatric cardiac intensive care programmes in Latin America, Asia, and the Caribbean.

Universal healthcare in our lifetime? All teach, all learn

2019 ◽  
pp. 144-152
Author(s):  
Mark Britnell
Keyword(s):  
Health Coverage ◽  
National Elections ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Universal Healthcare ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
The World ◽  
Global Movement ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Universal Health

The United Nation’s Sustainable Development Goals of achieving universal health coverage (UHC) by 2030 have energized many governments to devise bold strategies and make big investments in their health systems. The global movement around UHC has gathered momentum at blistering speed. Within a few years it has transformed the focus of healthcare in low- and middle-income countries from a few diseases to a comprehensive vision of affordable, accessible, and acceptable care for all. In this chapter, Mark Britnell looks at how Philippines, Vietnam, Kenya, India, Indonesia, Columbia, Costa Rica, Panama, Nigeria, South Africa, Cyprus, islands across the Caribbean, and many others have announced significant UHC reforms since the development goals were passed in 2014, and UHC has been a headline issue in a number of national elections. He analyses UHC across the world, and looks to at the future of healthcare globally.

Perceptions of Adolescents and Caregivers of Corporal Punishment: A Qualitative Study Among Indo-Caribbean in Suriname

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 686-707 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inger W. Van der Kooij ◽  
Rita K. Chotoe-Sanchit ◽  
Gerben Moerman ◽  
Ramón J. L. Lindauer ◽  
Jaipaul R. Roopnarine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Corporal Punishment ◽  
Public Information ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Children’S Perspectives ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Rights Of The Child ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Child Violence ◽  
Effective Discipline ◽  
Forms Of Violence

While the protection of children from all forms of violence is a fundamental right guaranteed by the Convention on the Rights of the Child, violence remains a part of life for children around the globe. Corporal punishment is a form of violence and a dominant practice as a method of corrective parenting in the Caribbean. While researchers are starting to ask children directly about their experiences of violence, there is limited research on children’s perspectives of the function, legality, and boundaries of corporal punishment, particularly in low-and middle-income countries. This study begins to address this gap by reporting on 12 focus groups that were conducted with adolescents (aged 12 to 18 years) and caregivers of Indo-Caribbean background in Suriname. The aim is to explore adolescents’ and caregivers’ shared perspectives about the prevalence of corporal punishment in Suriname, responses to and feelings about its use as a discipline strategy and perspectives of the rationales for and against corporal punishment, and their views on banning it. Analyses were done using ATLAS.ti version 1.0.50, a qualitative data package. Corporal punishment showed to be an everyday experience in children’s lives in Suriname. There was no clear consensus regarding adolescents’ and caregivers’ perspectives on the parental use of corporal punishment. Many participants hesitated to support efforts to prohibit corporal punishment legally. Messages arising from this study could usefully inform the development of a public information campaign on safe and effective discipline of children in Suriname.

scholarly journals Environmental transmission of diarrheal pathogens in low and middle income countries

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 944-955 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy R. Julian
Keyword(s):  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Diarrheal Disease ◽  
Diarrheal Diseases ◽  
Environmental Interventions ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Environmental Transmission ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Specific Factors ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Globally more than half a million children die every year from diarrheal diseases. ThisPerspectivesuggests that reductions in diarrheal disease transmission in LMICs can be achieved by accounting for site-specific factors when designing environmental interventions. This is discussed in the context of the characteristics of the most important diarrheal diseases as well as environmental reservoirs.

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