scholarly journals Daily functioning and symptom factors contributing to attitudes toward antipsychotic treatment and treatment adherence in outpatients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Leijala ◽  
O. Kampman ◽  
J. Suvisaari ◽  
S. Eskelinen
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Activities Of Daily Living ◽  
Treatment Adherence ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Systematic Evaluation ◽  
Daily Functioning ◽  
Antipsychotic Treatment ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum

Abstract Background Poor adherence and negative attitudes to treatment are common clinical problems when treating psychotic disorders. This study investigated how schizophrenia core symptoms and daily functioning affect treatment adherence and attitudes toward antipsychotic medication and to compare patients using clozapine or other antipsychotics. Method A cross-sectional study with data from 275 patients diagnosed with schizophrenia spectrum disorder. Patients adherence, attitudes, insight and side-effects were evaluated using the Attitudes toward Neuroleptic Treatment scale. Overall symptomology was measured using the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), the Health of the Nation Outcome Scale (HoNOS). The functioning was assessed using activities of daily living scale, instrumental activities of daily living scale and social functioning of daily living scale. Results Self-reported treatment adherence was high. Of the patients, 83% reported using at least 75% of the prescribed medication. Having more symptoms was related with more negative attitude towards treatment. There was a modest association with functioning and treatment adherence and attitude toward antipsychotic treatment. Attitudes affected on adherence in non-clozapine but not in clozapine groups. Conclusion Early detection of non-adherence is difficult. Systematic evaluation of attitudes toward the treatment could be one way to assess this problem, along with optimized medication, prompt evaluation of side effects and flexible use of psychosocial treatments.

scholarly journals A Qualitative Study on Coping Strategies Among Patients with Non-Specific Low-Back Pain

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adesola Ojo Ojoawo ◽  
Taiwo Oluwaseun Arasanmi ◽  
Chidozie Emmanuel Mbada
Keyword(s):  
Low Back Pain ◽  
Back Pain ◽  
Activities Of Daily Living ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Low Back ◽  
Religious Activities ◽  
Work Related ◽  
And Coping

Background: Non-specific low-back pain (NSLBP) is a common health problem worldwide, but the perception and coping strategies used by patients are underreported. Objectives: The objectives of the study were to evaluate the perception of patients with NSLBP, the ways the pain interrfered with their basic life, and coping strategies employed by them. Methods: Twenty patients consisting of 10 males (50%) and 10 females (50%) participated in this study. A qualitative interview was conducted using a three-section modified structured interview guide by Gwenda. Section A contained sociodemographic information, section B was the numerical pain rating scale, and section C asked questions about the pain duration, the ways of pain interference with the patient’s life, and strategies used to cope with pain. The data were analyzed using thematic content analysis. Results: The results showed that 50% of the patients were within the age range of 58 years or above. Ten (50%) patients perceived that NSLBP was caused by work-related activities and 10% perceived that NSLBP was a spiritual problem. Fifty percent reported that the pain interfered with their activities of daily living, and four (20%) mentioned that NSLBP interfered with their sexual function and religious activities. Concerning the coping strategy, 40% used prayer, 15% usually ignored the pain, and 35% used the conventional approach. Conclusions: It can be concluded that half of the patients with NSLBP perceived NSLBP to be caused by work-related activities. Besides, NSLBP interfered with basic activities of daily living, and about 40% were coping with NSLBP with prayer and spiritual means.

scholarly journals Associations Between Amantadine Usage, Gait, and Cognition in PSP: A post-hoc Analysis of the Davunetide Trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marian L. Dale ◽  
Barbara H. Brumbach ◽  
Adam L. Boxer ◽  
Amie L. Hiller
Keyword(s):  
Activities Of Daily Living ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Change Score ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Continuous Variables ◽  
Group Status ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Neuropsychological Status ◽  
Post Hoc

Introduction: Amantadine anecdotally improves gait in progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) but definitive data is lacking. We investigated associations between amantadine usage, gait, cognition, and activities of daily living in 310 subjects with PSP using data from the davunetide trial.Method: We compared baseline demographics, PSP Rating Scale (PSPRS), Repeat Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS), and Schwab and England Activities of Daily Living (SEADL) scores between subjects taking vs. not taking amantadine using chi-square tests for categorical variables and independent sample t-tests for continuous variables. Using the general linear model (GLM), we tested whether group status predicted total PSPRS, PSPRS-gait and midline, total RBANS, RBANS-attention, and SEADL before and after the 52-weeks follow-up.Results: Subjects taking vs. not taking amantadine were similar at baseline, except subjects taking amantadine had a higher Clinical Global Impression (CGI) Score (p = 0.01). However, the CGI change score did not differ between groups at week 52 (p = 0.10). Using GLM models (controlling for covariates), we found that subjects taking vs. not taking amantadine did not significantly predict total PSPRS, PSPRS-gait and midline, total RBANS, RBANS-attention, or SEADL at baseline, week 52, or the change score between baseline and week 52.Discussion: This post-hoc analysis of the davunetide trial did not find an association between amantadine and gait or cognitive measures in PSP, but was not powered to find such a difference. Future studies should still examine amantadine for symptomatic benefit in multiple PSP subtypes.

Intramuscular maintenance treatment with ultra-high-dose long-acting injectable aripiprazole in an elderly patient suffering from chronic refractory schizophrenia: A case report

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S573-S573 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Bartova ◽  
M. Dold ◽  
N. Praschak-Rieder ◽  
A. Naderi-Heiden ◽  
S. Kasper
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Maintenance Treatment ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Antipsychotic Treatment ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Symptom Scale ◽  
Meaningful Improvement ◽  
Plasma Level Monitoring ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
Long Acting

Long-acting injectable (LAI) aripiprazole is increasingly appreciated in the course of a maintenance treatment of schizophrenia due to efficacy in delaying – and decreasing relapse, and low rates of feared side effects. In line with the prescribing information, the maximal starting – as well as maintenance dose was restricted to 400 mg following a 26-day interval between the single doses.We present a 72-year-old female inpatient (66 kg) with an acute exacerbation of chronic refractory schizophrenia, exhibiting primarily positive symptoms including excessive persecutory delusions, self-care deficit, poor insight and insufficient adherence to continuous intake of oral medication. Since she developed a post-injection syndrome after an accidental intravascular administration of olanzapine LAI 405 mg, the antipsychotic treatment was switched to aripiprazole LAI 300 mg once monthly. Due to insufficient clinical response, aripiprazole LAI was gradually increased up to 1200 mg per month under continuous plasma level monitoring. Here, 2 single injections of aripiprazole LAI 300 mg were delivered into both gluteal muscles concurrently, every 14 days.Consequently, we observed a clinically meaningful improvement (a total-score reduction from 111 to 75 on the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), as well as no objectifiable side effects, assessed by “The Dosage Record Treatment Emergent Symptom Scale” and “The Barnes Akathisia Rating Scale”, despite multi-morbidity and rather advanced age of the patient.Our safe experience with applying the almost threefold higher monthly dose over 12 weeks may encourage researchers to further investigate the efficacy, tolerability as well as handling of highly dosed aripiprazole LAI in refractory schizophrenia.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Extrapyramidal side effects and functional remission in schizophrenia

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S195-S196
Author(s):  
B. Ghajati ◽  
C. Leila ◽  
L. Raja ◽  
C. Majda
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Extrapyramidal Side Effects ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽  
The Social ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
Social Autonomy

Treating patients with schizophrenia has evolved towards including, as an effective goal, their functional remission. Beyond the discrepancies in this concept definition, a plethora of studies has been conducted trying to identify predictors of functioning in schizophrenia. Among which antipsychotic prescription and related side effects.AimExplore extrapyramidal side effects link with functional prognosis of patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorder.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional, retrospective and descriptive study in the psychiatry department “C”, in Razi hospital (Tunis), between October 2014 and March 2015. Sixty patients suffering from schizophrenia spectrum disorder (DSM IV-R) were included. Functional status was explored with the Global Assessment of Functioning Scale (GAF), the Social and Occupational Functioning Assessment Scale (SOFAS) and the Social Autonomy Scale (EAS). Extrapyramidal side effects (EPS) were evaluated using the Simpson and Angus Rating Scale (SAS).ResultsFunctional remission was achieved according to GAF, SOFAS and EAS in respectively: 63,30%, 48,30% and 51,70% of the patients. SAS mean score was 0.898 ± 0.29 (0.4–2). Although SAS showed no significant association with GAF, SOFAS and EAS global scores, patient with less EPS had better autonomy in EAS’ dimension “Relationship with the outside” (P = 0.048).ConclusionEPS may influence functional remission at several levels starting from the neurobiological to the social stigmatization and the treatment adherence levels. Further research in this matter is required.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Microelectrode-guided posteroventral medial radiofrequency pallidotomy for Parkinson's disease

1997 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oleg Kopyov ◽  
Deane Jacques ◽  
Christopher Duma ◽  
Galen Buckwalter ◽  
Alex Kopyov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Target Region ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Significant Control ◽  
Yahr Scale ◽  
Disease Rating

✓ The outcome of radiofrequency-guided posteroventral medial pallidotomy was investigated in 29 patients with recalcitrant Parkinson's disease. Extracellular recordings were obtained in the target region to differentiate the internal from the external globus pallidus, and distinct waveforms were recorded in each region. Stimulation of the target site further verified the lesion location. Of the 29 patients treated during the course of 1 year, none showed any adverse side effects (such as hemianopsia or hemiparesis) from the procedure. Significant and immediate improvement in motor involvement (dyskinesia, rigidity, dystonia, freezing, and tremor) was observed as measured by the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale and the Hoehn and Yahr scale. Patients experienced improvements in their condition as measured on a self-rating scale, and their ability to perform the activities of daily living was also significantly improved. Although the onset and duration of the effect of a single dose of levodopa did not change, the number of hours in an “off” state of dyskinesia per day was significantly decreased. These results provide further evidence, in a large group of patients, that posteroventral medial pallidotomy results in significant control of the motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease with a minimum of undesirable side effects.

Evaluation of a rating scale of ability in activities of daily living

1966 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 276
Author(s):  
ALBERT J. DINNERSTEIN ◽  
I. McDermott
Keyword(s):  
Activities Of Daily Living ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Rating Scale

scholarly journals 408 - Muscle strength is an important predictor for limitations in basic activities of daily living among people with severe disability

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. 33-34
Author(s):  
Jinni Wang ◽  
Jialan Wu ◽  
Lizhu Liang ◽  
Rui Ye ◽  
Xiaoyan Liao
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Activities Of Daily Living ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Severe Disabilities ◽  
Severe Disability ◽  
Limb Muscle ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Major Predictor

Objective:This study aimed to identify predictors of limitations in basic activities of daily living (BADL) among people with severe disabilities.Methods:4075 long-term care beneficiaries with severe disabilities in Guangzhou, China, were included during July 2018 and March 2019. BADL was assessed using the Barthel index (BI). Muscle strength was measured by using the Lovett Rating Scale. Age, gender, comorbidities, and muscle strengths were collected as independent variables. Chi-square Automatic Interaction Detector (CHAID) method was used to examine associations between independent variables and item scores of the BI.Results:Muscle strength and history of stroke were parent node and child node for most of BADL limitations, respectively. Upper limb muscle strength (≤ 3) was a major predictor for dependence in feeding, grooming, toileting, dressing, and transfer, while lower limb muscle strength (≤ 3) was a major predictor for limitation in mobility.Conclusions:Muscle strength was the strongest predictor of BADLs among people with severe disability. Muscle strength grading may be optimal for designing supporting strategies for people with severe disabilities.

scholarly journals The impact of subjective well-being under neuroleptic treatment on compliance and remission

2006 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-136 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Rating Scale ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Systematic Evaluation ◽  
Antipsychotic Treatment ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Long Term Prognosis ◽  
The Impact

The patients' perspective of antipsychotic treatment was largely neglected for a long period. It has only been during the last 10 years, with the development of atypical antipsychotics, that scientific interest in this issue has markedly increased. Numerous studies have shown that the majority of schizophrenic patients are able to fill out a self-rating scale in a meaningful way, and several self-report scales with sufficient internal consistency and good construct validity have been developed. The effects of antipsychotic treatment on psychopathology and on subjective well-being (SW) are not strongly related; the perspectives of the patient and his/her psychiatrist markedly differ. Recent research indicates that SW/quality of life, much more improved by atypical than by typical antipsychotics, has a strong impact on compliance, as well as on the chance of achieving remission. The data strongly suggest that a systematic evaluation of the patient's perspective of antipsychotic treatment is meaningful and necessary to increase compliance, functional outcome, and long-term prognosis.

scholarly journals A-023 Comparison of Informant Reports of Daily Functioning to Objective Neurocognitive Performances: Activities of Daily Living Questionnaire versus Lawton Activities of Daily Living/Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Scale

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 813-813
Author(s):  
Roberts C ◽  
King J
Keyword(s):  
Activities Of Daily Living ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Word Association ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Daily Functioning ◽  
Word Association Test ◽  
Instrumental Activities ◽  
Drawing Task ◽  
Trail Making ◽  
Learning Test

Abstract Objective Informant reports of daily functioning are often useful when assessing functional skill impairments in neuropsychological dementia evaluations, given potential biases with self-reporting from low insight and/or a reluctance to endorse reduced independence. Two measures of informant functional skill assessments were compared within patients relative to their objective neurocognitive performances. Method Participants included 19 (32% male, 68% female; 21% Hispanic, 69% Caucasian) outpatient older adult dementia evaluations aged 60 to 90 years (Mean age = 74, SD = 7.7) who were accompanied by a family member or caregiver informant. The Activities of Daily Living Questionnaire (ADLQ) and the Lawton Activities of Daily Living and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Scale (ADL/IADL) informant reports were compared relative to performances on the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test delayed recall trial (HVLT), Trail Making Test Part B (TMTB), CLOX: An Executive Clock Drawing Task (CLOX1), and the Controlled Oral Word Association Test, FAS and Animals (COWAT). Results Simple linear regression analyses indicated the ADLQ significantly predicted both TMTB (β = −.52, 95% CI [−.81, −.23], p < .01; R2 = .47) and HVLT (β = −.38, 95% CI [−.67, −.08], p < .01; R2 = .31) performances. The ADL/IADL scale significantly predicted TMTB performances (β = −.70, 95% CI [−1.1, −.30], p < .01; R2 = .46). A significant correlation was observed between ADLQ and ADL/IADL informant reports (r(17) = .60, p < .01). Conclusion There was a significant linear relationship between both ADLQ and ADL/IADL informant reports with TMTB performances. The ADLQ reports also significantly predicted HVLT performances. No significant relationships were observed between either ADLQ and ADL/IADL reports, and participants’ CLOX1 or COWAT FAS/Animals performances.

Abstract 10: Neuroendocrine Dysfunction and Functional Disability Following Stroke

Stroke ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa A Kreber ◽  
Charan K Singh
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Activities Of Daily Living ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Independent Living ◽  
Functional Disability ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Hormone Deficiency ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Disability Rating Scale

Comprehensive studies of the incidence of neuroendocrine dysfunction following stroke are lacking. The objectives of this study were to determine the incidence of neuroendocrine dysfunction in patients with stroke and to determine if growth hormone deficiency (GHD) contributes to disability following stroke. Hormones were assessed in 130 patients with stroke (ischemic: n=65; hemorrhagic: n=65; M time since stroke=155 days; men=81; M age = 52). TSH, T3, T4, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), estradiol, testosterone, cortisol, and insulin-like growth factor-1 were assessed. All patients underwent glucagon stimulation testing (GST) to assess growth hormone (GH). Patients were then classified as having severe GHD, moderate GHD or normal GH based on the results of the GST. Functional disability was assessed with the Disability Rating Scale, Independent Living Scale (ILS), and the Mayo-Portland Adaptability Inventory-IV. The majority of stroke patients had GHD (30% severe; 29% moderate). Patients with ischemic stroke had a higher prevalence of GHD (34% severe; 33% moderate) compared to patients with hemorrhagic stroke (26% severe; 23% moderate). The severe GHD group had significantly lower levels of FSH than the moderate GHD and normal GH groups (p<0.01). The moderate GHD group had significantly lower levels of LH than the severe GHD and normal GH groups (p<0.05) and significantly lower levels of T3 than the severe GHD and normal GH groups (p<0.05). The severe GHD group performed worse on the Activities of Daily Living and Behavior subscales of the ILS than the moderate GHD and normal GH groups (p<0.05). GHD was more prevalent in patients with ischemic stroke, indicating that type of stroke may influence neuroendocrine functioning. Additionally, FSH, LH and T3 were lower in patients with GHD than in patients with normal levels of GH. The implications of these findings suggest that routine, comprehensive neuroendocrine testing may be warranted in individuals who have sustained a stroke. Patients with GHD were more functionally disabled in their ability to perform activities of daily living and to engage in socially appropriate behavior. These findings suggest that hormone deficiencies can influence disability post-stroke.

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