scholarly journals Factors associated with public attitudes towards persons with disabilities: a systematic review

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ziru Wang ◽  
Xiaoli Xu ◽  
Qiong Han ◽  
Yan Chen ◽  
Jiayao Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Attitudes ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Persons With Disabilities ◽  
Electronic Search ◽  
Measurement Analysis ◽  
The Disabled ◽  
Comprehensive Search ◽  
Sample Measurement

Abstract Objective The aim of this review is to identify and summarize factors that are associated with public attitudes towards people with various disabilities systematically. Methods An electronic search of three databases was performed (Medline, EMBASE and Cochrane) covering the period from 1950 to present. A comprehensive search strategy was developed and the lists of citations were screened for potential eligible studies. Only quantitative studies using valid measurements were included, and the methodological quality of included studies was appraised based on three criteria (sample, measurement, analysis) by two independent reviewers. Results The initial electronic search yielded 995 articles after duplicates removed, and 27 studies met the eligibility criteria were included in the study. Three categories of the factors were found to be associated with the public attitudes, which are related to the attitude provider, disabled people, and society respectively. Specifically, the more people know about disabilities, the more likely they were to have positive attitude; and the frequency and quality of the contact with the disabled are also proved to be influential to the attitudes. Meanwhile, the type of disability is also closely correlated to the public’s attitude towards the disabilities. Conclusion People’s knowledge of the disability and their contact with individuals with disabilities are the main influential factors in public attitudes towards persons with disabilities.

scholarly journals Factors Associated with Public Attitudes Towards Persons with Disabilities: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
ZIRU WANG ◽  
Xiaoli Xu ◽  
Yan Chen ◽  
Jiayao Jiang ◽  
Qiong Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Attitudes ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Persons With Disabilities ◽  
The Public ◽  
Quantitative Studies ◽  
Measurement Analysis ◽  
The Disabled ◽  
Comprehensive Search ◽  
Sample Measurement

Abstract Objective：The aim of this review is to identify and summarize factors that are associated with public attitudes towards people with various disabilities systematically.Methods: An electronic search of three databases was performed (Medline, EMBASE and Cochrane) covering the period from 1950 to present. A comprehensive search strategy was developed and citation lists for potential eligible studies were also screened. Only quantitative studies using valid measurements were included, and the methodological quality of included studies was appraised based on three criteria (sample, measurement, analysis) by two independent reviewers.Results: Twenty-seven studies met the eligibility criteria and were included in the study. Three categories of the factors were found to be associated with the public attitudes, which are related to the attitude provider, disabled people, and society respectively. Specifically, the more people know about disabilities, the more positive their attitude could be; and the frequency and quality of the contact with the disabled are also proved to be influential to the attitudes. Meanwhile, the type of disability is also closely correlated to the public’s attitude towards the disabilities.Conclusion: People’s knowledge of the disability and their contact with the disabled are the main factors that influence public attitude towards persons with disabilities.

scholarly journals A protocol for a systematic review investigating the factors influencing the statistical planning, design, conduct, analysis and reporting of trials

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 36
Author(s):  
Marina Zaki ◽  
Marie Galligan ◽  
Lydia O'Sullivan ◽  
Declan Devane ◽  
Eilish McAuliffe
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Medical Devices ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Comprehensive Search ◽  
Statistical Planning

Trials can be defined as prospective human research studies to test the effectiveness and safety of interventions, such as medications, surgeries, medical devices and other interventions for the management of patient care. Statistics is an important and powerful tool in trials. Inappropriately designed trials and/or inappropriate statistical analysis produce unreliable results, with limited clinical use. The aim of this systematic literature review is to identify, describe and synthesise factors contributing to or influencing the statistical planning, design, conduct, analysis and reporting of trials. This protocol will describe the methodological approach taken for the following: conducting a systematic and comprehensive search for relevant articles, applying eligibility criteria for the inclusion of such articles, extracting data and information, appraising the quality of the articles, and thematically synthesizing the data to illuminate the key factors influencing statistical aspects of trials.

scholarly journals Olfactory and gustatory dysfunction in 2019 novel coronavirus: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marzieh Esmaeili ◽  
Fatemeh Abdi ◽  
Gita Shafiee ◽  
Hadis Rastad ◽  
Hamid Asayesh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
English Language ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Language Studies ◽  
Pooled Prevalence ◽  
Comprehensive Search ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Abstract BackgroundEvidence showed that partial or complete loss of smell and taste might be a possible primary symptom of the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19). This study aimed to systematically review and pool all available evidence on the olfactory and gustatory dysfunction in COVID-19 patients. MethodsIn this systematic review, a comprehensive search was carried out systematically through e-databases including PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, and Web of Science (WoS); that was limited to English-language studies published from 2019 up to 6th May 2020. Afterward, all studies reported the taste and smell dysfunction in the COVID-19 patients were included. The quality of the studies was assessed by the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT). The pooled prevalence of olfactory and gustatory dysfunction was estimated using the random effects meta-analysis method.ResultsAmong 28 eligible included studies in this systematic review, finally, 22 studies met the eligibility criteria and were included in the meta-analysis. According to the random effect meta-analysis, the global pooled prevalence (95% confidence interval) of any olfactory dysfunction, anosmia, and hyposmia was 55% (40%-70%), 40% (22%-57%), and 40% (20%-61%) respectively. The pooled estimated prevalence of any gustatory dysfunction, ageusia, and dysgeusia was 41% (23%-59%), 31% (3%-59%), and 34% (19%-48%) respectively. ConclusionOlfactory and gustatory dysfunction is prevalent among COVID-19 patients. Therefore, olfactory and gustatory dysfunction seems to be part of important symptoms and notify for the diagnosis of COVID-19, especially in the early phase of the infection.

scholarly journals Establishing Network Interaction between Resource Training Centers for People with Disabilities and Partner Universities

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 7-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.V. Panyukova ◽  
G.G. Saitgalieva ◽  
V.S. Sergeeva
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Students With Disabilities ◽  
Training Center ◽  
Persons With Disabilities ◽  
Quality Of Higher Education ◽  
Network Interaction ◽  
The Disabled ◽  
Specialized Equipment ◽  
And Training

The paper focuses on the problem of accessibility and quality of higher education for students with disabilities. We describe our experience in organising network interaction between the MSUPE Resource and Training Center for Disabled People established in 2016-2017 and partner universities in ‘fixed territories’. The need for cooperation and network interaction arises from the high demand for the cooperation of efforts of leading experts, researchers, methodologists and instructors necessary for improving the quality and accessibility of higher education for persons with disabilities. The Resource and Training Center offers counseling for the partner universities, arranges advanced training for those responsible for teaching of the disabled, and offers specialized equipment for temporary use. In this article, we emphasize the importance of organizing network interactions with universities and social partners in order to ensure accessibility of higher education for students with disabilities.

scholarly journals A protocol for a systematic review investigating the factors influencing the statistical planning, design, conduct, analysis and reporting of clinical trials

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 36
Author(s):  
Marina Zaki ◽  
Marie Galligan ◽  
Lydia O'Sullivan ◽  
Declan Devane ◽  
Eilish McAuliffe
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Medical Devices ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Comprehensive Search ◽  
Statistical Planning

Clinical trials can be defined as prospective human research studies to test the effectiveness and safety of interventions, such as medications, surgeries, medical devices and other interventions for the management of patient care. Statistics is an important and powerful tool in clinical trials. Inappropriately designed trials and/or inappropriate statistical analysis produce unreliable results, with limited clinical use. The aim of this systematic literature review is to identify, describe and synthesise factors contributing to or influencing the statistical planning, design, conduct, analysis and reporting of clinical trials. This protocol will describe the methodological approach taken for the following: conducting a systematic and comprehensive search for relevant articles, applying eligibility criteria for the inclusion of such articles, extracting data and information, appraising the quality of the articles, and thematically synthesizing the data to illuminate the key factors influencing statistical aspects of clinical trials.

scholarly journals Over half of clinical practice guidelines use non-systematic methods to inform recommendations: A methods study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carole Lunny ◽  
Cynthia Ramasubbu ◽  
Lorri Puil ◽  
Savannah Gerrish ◽  
Tracy Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Clinical Practice Guidelines ◽  
Practice Guidelines ◽  
Evidence Synthesis ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Systematic Process ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Comprehensive Search

Abstract Introduction Assessing the process used to synthesise the evidence in clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) enables users to determine the trustworthiness of the recommendations. We aimed to assess whether systematic methods were used when synthesizing the evidence for CPGs; and whether reviews or ‘overviews of reviews’ were cited in support of recommendations.Methods and analysis We followed a study protocol. CPGs published in 2017 and 2018 were retrieved from TRIP and Epistemonikos. We randomly sorted and sequentially screened the CPGs to select the first 50 that met our inclusion criteria. Our primary outcomes were the numbers and proportions of recommendations that were based on reviews and ‘overviews‘, and CPGs using either a systematic or non-systematic process to gather, assess, and synthesise evidence. We also looked for evidence that critical appraisal was conducted. We also performed a chi-square test of independence to examine the relationship between variables. Results Of the 50 guidelines, 34% did an exceptional job in systematically synthesising the evidence to inform recommendations. These guidelines clearly reported their objectives and eligibility criteria, conducted comprehensive search strategies, and assessed the quality of the studies. 66% of CPGs reported non-systematic methods to develop their recommendations. This percentage is likely an underestimation because we excluded some CPGs when selecting studies. Overall, 90% of CPGs cited reviews to inform recommendations, and one fifth cited a Cochrane systematic review. Of the 29 CPGs that included reviews, 21% critically appraised the review. 60% of CPGs assessed the quality of primary studies. Conclusions We used novel methodology to evaluate recommendations in a random sample of CPGs, and found that 62% did not use a systematic process to gather, appraise, and synthesise the evidence. Significant improvement is needed in the conduct and reporting of CPG methods. Guideline developers should use systematic methods endorsed by reputable evidence synthesis organisations.

Housing For Young People: What Are Their Opportunities?

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Mahazril 'Aini Yaacob ◽  
Siti Hajar Siti Hajar Abu Bakar ◽  
Wan Nor Azriyati Wan Abdul Aziz
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Young People ◽  
Transition To Adulthood ◽  
Affordable Housing ◽  
Independent Living ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
Eligibility Criteria

Housing does not only serve the basic needs of the citizens, but it is also considered as one of the important features of independent living. A comprehensive literature search revealed that access to housing is vital in the transition to adulthood, mainly to ensure that young adults enjoy a higher quality of life. Young adults face many hardships in their pursuit of adequate and affordable housing. Nevertheless, the act of leaving  home, are typically determined by the economic resources (income) and other influential  factors. The  debate on establishing the homeownership was  rampantly discussed by numerous searchers. However, efforts to examine the factors influencing the housing opportunities among the young people are limited. In response to this need, a preliminary study was carried out to identify the factors  affecting the housing opportunities among the young people. Except for locational factor, affordability,housing knowledge and structural factors play prominent roles in inducing housing opportunities among the youth. Therefore, strategies such as comprehensive information about housing schemes should be made available and accessible to the young people. Additionally, other relevant parties, such as financial institutions and developers, may need to revise their requirement for loan financing, and the eligibility criteria. Overall, these measures should be able to ensure that young can people enjoy housing opportunities and improve their quality of life Keywords: affordability, housing knowledge, housing opportunities, location, structural

scholarly journals Over half of clinical practice guidelines use non-systematic methods to inform recommendations: A methods study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. e0250356
Author(s):  
Carole Lunny ◽  
Cynthia Ramasubbu ◽  
Lorri Puil ◽  
Tracy Liu ◽  
Savannah Gerrish ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Clinical Practice Guidelines ◽  
Practice Guidelines ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Evidence Synthesis ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Comprehensive Search

Introduction Assessing the process used to synthesize the evidence in clinical practice guidelines enables users to determine the trustworthiness of the recommendations. Clinicians are increasingly dependent on guidelines to keep up with vast quantities of medical literature, and guidelines are followed to avoid malpractice suits. We aimed to assess whether systematic methods were used when synthesizing the evidence for guidelines; and to determine the type of review cited in support of recommendations. Methods Guidelines published in 2017 and 2018 were retrieved from the TRIP and Epistemonikos databases. We randomly sorted and sequentially screened clinical guidelines on all topics to select the first 50 that met our inclusion criteria. Our primary outcomes were the number of guidelines using either a systematic or non-systematic process to gather, assess, and synthesise evidence; and the numbers of recommendations within guidelines based on different types of evidence synthesis (systematic or non-systematic reviews). If a review was cited, we looked for evidence that it was critically appraised, and recorded which quality assessment tool was used. Finally, we examined the relation between the use of the GRADE approach, systematic review process, and type of funder. Results Of the 50 guidelines, 17 (34%) systematically synthesised the evidence to inform recommendations. These 17 guidelines clearly reported their objectives and eligibility criteria, conducted comprehensive search strategies, and assessed the quality of the studies. Of the 29/50 guidelines that included reviews, 6 (21%) assessed the risk of bias of the review. The quality of primary studies was reported in 30/50 (60%) guidelines. Conclusions High quality, systematic review products provide the best available evidence to inform guideline recommendations. Using non-systematic methods compromises the validity and reliability of the evidence used to inform guideline recommendations, leading to potentially misleading and untrustworthy results.

scholarly journals Educational Applications for Blind and Partially Sighted Pupils Based on Speech Technologies for Serbian

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Branko Lučić ◽  
Stevan Ostrogonac ◽  
Nataša Vujnović Sedlar ◽  
Milan Sečujski
Keyword(s):  
Communication Channel ◽  
Alternative Communication ◽  
Persons With Disabilities ◽  
Geometrical Shapes ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Disabled ◽  
Educational Applications ◽  
Partially Sighted ◽  
With Memory

The inclusion of persons with disabilities has always represented an important issue. Advancements within the field of computer science have enabled the development of different types of aids, which have significantly improved the quality of life of the disabled. However, for some disabilities, such as visual impairment, the purpose of these aids is to establish an alternative communication channel and thus overcome the user’s disability. Speech technologies play the crucial role in this process. This paper presents the ongoing efforts to create a set of educational applications based on speech technologies for Serbian for the early stages of education of blind and partially sighted children. Two educational applications dealing with memory exercises and comprehension of geometrical shapes are presented, along with the initial tests results obtained from research including visually impaired pupils.

PRINCIPLES OF SYNERGETIC APPROACH IN THE PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PEDAGOGICAL SUPPORT OF OPTIMIZATION OF THE QUALITY OF LIFE OF A PERSON WITH DISABILITIES

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 212-218
Author(s):  
V.Sh. Maslennikova ◽  
V.I. Aidarov
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Persons With Disabilities ◽  
Rehabilitation Process ◽  
Self Development ◽  
The Disabled ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
First Time ◽  
Methods Of Treatment

The article reveals the role of synergetic approach to psychological and pedagogical support of optimization of the quality of life of a person with disabilities, acting as an integrator of methodological approaches of sociocentric and anthropocentric concepts. The synergetic approach allows us to consider psychological and pedagogical support for optimizing the quality of life of persons with disabilities as a process, largely self-organizing, not based on direct cause-and-effect relationships, and occurring ambiguously; the process due to a variety of internal and external influences; natural and random; predictable and natural, ordered and chaotic. For such elaborate system as the personality with disabilities we cannot impose compulsory methods of treatment. Therefore the process of psychological and pedagogical support for optimizing the quality of life of the personality with disabilities is based on the main principle - voluntariness. Especially it has to be observed when choosing methods and ways of rehabilitation actions and to be guided by regulated, but at the same time freedom of choice for the disabled person. Any elaborate system has, as a rule, not one but a set of its own, satisfying its nature, ways of development. Thus, psychological and pedagogical support of optimization of the quality of life of the personality with disabilities promotes self-expression, self-affirmation and self-development of the personality through the actions which are freely chosen, multidirectional, sometimes spontaneous and promote optimization of rehabilitation process. Using the ideas of synergetics, we tried to prove for the first time the process of psychological and pedagogical support for optimizing the quality of life of a person with disabilities in the conditions of medical stationary institution.

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